1 Satellit project on project MDMA & Mem ory Database 1 : MDMA - PDF document

Reference corpus of Dutch drug users I : IAFPA research grant MDMA / Ecstasy Viktória Papp, Rice University/ NZI LBB Maartje Schreuder, Eef Theunissen, Jan Ramaekers, Maastricht University I AFPA 2011 Bundeskrim inalam t Vienna, Austria July 27, 2011 Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Overview Drugs- intoxicated speech • Drugs-intoxicated speech databases • Wire-tapped phone calls • Research context – Drugs-related crimes • Database 1: Methyleen Dioxy Meth Amphetamine – Under the influence of drugs (Ecstasy) • Effects of alcohol quite well-described – Effects of heroin: Papp (2008) – Effects of other drugs: unknown • Relevant for forensic speaker identification/ verification Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Psychopharm acological drugs research Drugs Research team: • CNS depressants – Alcohol • E.L. Theunissen, PhD (Project Manager, – Heroin Investigator) • CNS Stimulants • J.G. Ramaekers, PhD (Principle investigator) – Cocaine • K.P.C. Kuypers, PhD (Co-investigator) • Hallocinogens and Psychedelics • C.J. van Leeuwen, MD (Medical Supervisor) – Cannabis • Anique van Dorp, MD (Medical Supervisor) – MDMA (Ecstasy) Maastricht University, Department of (CNS = Central Nervous System) Psychopharmacology & Neuropsychology Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience 1

Satellit project on project “MDMA & Mem ory Database 1 : MDMA ( Ecstasy) perform ance” The four-way crossover study design • Acute administration of MDMA causes memory (double blind, (pseudo-)random). deficits in humans 1 st treatment • Aim to investigate whether memantine (Alzheimer’s placebo or Memantine disease medication) can reverse the memory impairment caused by acute MDMA administration in humans 2 nd treatment placebo or MDMA placebo or MDMA � Ethical approval granted (NL35155.068.11 / MEC 11-3-007) Treatment 1 2 3 4 Start: August (first week) Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Methodology Speaking styles, stimulus m aterials • 16 participants (within subjects design) • Word lists (35 words), read 3x, • All recreational users of MDMA, not addicted within sentence ‘ I k zeg nu het woord …tegen jou ’ • Medical tests [ I now say the word …to you] • Drugs/alcohol tests on each test day – Controlled for (written) frequency (Celex) – All Dutch consonants As recommended by Morrison et al. (in press): • + some non-Dutch consonants, in loan words • 2 x 4 non-contemporaneous recordings of each speaker • + some clusters • Within each session: different speaking styles • Combined with all Dutch vowels, on basis of – Place • each session (at the same time): – Manner – recorded in studio quality – Voicing/ sonority – recorded through a mobile phone line Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Speaking styles, stimulus m aterials • Free (guided) conversation (through phone) • Picture descriptions – With target words containing / a/ , / i/ , / u/ • Price list com pletion of illegible text – Numbers, strange words – Interaction – Meta speech • Pseudo-police-style interview on drugs use – Also questions answered with ‘ Ik maak gebruik van mijn zwijgrecht ’ [ No comment] • Each session different lists, pictures, price lists (to overcome repetition effect) Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience 2

Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Recordings Recording equipment • Direct recordings: – Sound-attenuated cabin • Conversation: – M-Audio MicroTrack 24/ 96 Memory Card recorder – Knowles electronics in-ear microphone (mini) FC-23652-P16, • Pictures: mounted on simple headset, Omni-directional – Windows PCM WAV, 44100 Hz, 16-bit, Mono • Price list: • Via phone line: • Police-like interview: (will be bett er quality) – Blackberry mobile phone – B-line Yellowtec telephone hybrid – Recorded with Adobe Audition 3.0 on PC (Dell Optiplex 760 with Soundmax high definition integrated audio device sound card) – Windows PCM WAV, 44100 Hz, 16-bit, Stereo (speakers in separate channels) Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Drugs Effects of MDMA • CNS depressants • Intensifies bodily senses (taste, smell, touch, vision, hearing) – Alcohol • Experience mental imagery and auditory and visual distortions – Heroin • Increased confidence, intimacy, energy, endurance, alertness and wakefulness • CNS Stimulants – Cocaine • CNS: initiating motor activity • Hallocinogens and Psychedelics – Starting and stopping motor events – Cannabis – Coordination of co-occuring events – MDMA (Ecstasy) • respiration, initialization, phonation and articulation during speech (CNS = Central Nervous System) Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience 3

Research objectives – speech effects MDMA – acoustic measurements Hypotheses: • Tim ing of articulators: delayed or uncertain • Reaching vowel targets and consonant loci uncertain • Vowel formant values • I m paired synchronizing of • Center of gravity (/ s/ and / S/ ) – Respirat io n – Init ializat ion • Formant structure of nasals and laterals – Phonat io n – Art iculators • F0 range, unit-by-unit pitch variation • General m uscle stiffness, cheek stiffness • I ncreased energy: • Articulation rate – Possibly : not undershoot, but overshoot of art iculatory targets ( hyper-art iculate) • Speech rate – Wider f0 range – Larger pitch variat ion • Number of syllables per breath group – Faster art iculat io n – Higher speech rate – Higher heart rate and breat h rate: decreased num ber of sy llables per breat h group – Extrem ely t alkat iv e Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Perceptual differences I AFPA • Speakers under influence of MDMA perceived differently than without MDMA? Corpus available to IAFPA members – If so, general perceived differences? – What differences? • Speakers under influence of MDMA still recognized when speaking without MDMA? – (And vice versa?) Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience Questions Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience 4