1-Lar arge ge Vei eins ns of of t the he bod ody 2- large - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1-Lar arge ge Vei eins ns of

• f t

the he bod

• dy

Major blood vessels of the body 2- large arteries of the body

26نيرشت ،يناثلا18 Dr.Amjad d shataratد. تارطشلا دجما

Internal jugular veins Begin at base of cranium as sigmoid sinus and inferior petrosal sinus Unites with

subclavian veins

to form

brachiocephalic veins

Receive tributaries from the face and neck

Major veins of the HEAD AND NECK

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The brachiocephalic veinS: formed by the union of the subclavian and the internal jugular veins The right and left brachiocephalic veins unite to form the superior vena cava 1-Brachiocephalic Veins

• The superior vena cava contains all the venous blood

from the head and neck and both upper limbs

the right internal jugular veins the right subclavian

2-Superior Vena Cava

VEINS OF THE THORAX

• is formed by the union of the

two brachiocephalic veins

• It passes downward to end in

the right atrium of the heart

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3-Azygos Veins

a-THE MAIN AZYGOS VEIN c-THE SUPERIOR HEMIAZYGOS VEIN b-THE INFERIOR HEMIAZYGOS VEIN The azygos veins consist of:

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Deep Veins of the lower limbs You should know the names for each major vein and the part the that they drain. For example, femoral vein drains the thigh They drain the leg Drains the knee join Drains the thigh

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Superficial veins of the lower limbs 1 - G r e a t S a p h e n o u s v e i n 2-Small saphenous vein

• Begin at

lateral aspect of dorsal venous arches of foot.

• Pass

posterior to lateral malleolus.

• Empty into

popliteal veins in popliteal fossa

• The Longest

veins in body

• Begins at medial

end of venous arches of foot.

• Pass anterior to

medial malleolus.

• Empty into

femoral veins

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SUPERFICIAL VEINS of the upper limbs

1-Cephalic veins

2-Basilic veins

4-Median antebrachial veins Begins on lateral aspect

• f

dorsal venous arch (plexus) of the hand 3- Median cubital vein: A connection between the basilic and cephalic veins. Is a common site for taking blood samples Begins on medial aspects of dorsal venous networks of hands

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The liver stores and modifies Some substances that have been absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract . For example,

• The liver converts glucose into

glycogen for storage

• The liver also detoxifies

harmful substances, such as alcohol,

• destroys bacteria by phagocytosis

For all the above reasons and

• ther reasons

All the venous derange from the gastrointestinal tract Should go first to the liver (never to heart directly) Therefore, the veins of all the

• rgans of the gastrointestinal

tract drain back to the liver via two main veins: 1- superior mesenteric vein 2- The splenic vein Then the two veins unite behind the neck of the pancreas to form the portal vein The portal vein then convey the blood into THE LIVER The blood from the liver via the hepatic veins goes back to the heart through the inferior vena cava

Read only Read only

Portal Circulation

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2-Major Arteries of the body

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Aorta

The aorta is the main arterial trunk that delivers oxygenated blood from the left ventricle of the heart to the tissues of the body. It is divided for purposes of description into the following parts: A-ASCENDING AORTA B-ARCH OF THE AORTA C-DESCENDING THORACIC AORTA (above diaphragm) ABDOMINAL AORTA (below diaphragm)

Large Arteries

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A-Ascending Aorta

• The ascending aorta lies within the

fibrous pericardium

• Begins at the base of the left ventricle
• Ends at the level of the sternal angle,

where it becomes continuous with the arch of the aorta Branches

The right coronary artery The left coronary artery

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• is a continuation of the ascending aorta
• Ends at the level of the sternal angle

where it becomes continuous with the descending aorta. Branches a-THE BRACHIOCEPHALIC ARTERY arises from the convex surface of the aortic arch It divides into: 1-THE RIGHT SUBCLAVIAN ARTERY 2-RIGHT COMMON CAROTID ARTERY

B-Arch of the Aorta

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b-The left common carotid artery

• Arises from the convex surface
• f the aorta

c-The left subclavian artery

• arises from the aortic arch

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begins as a continuation of the arch of the aorta on the

• At the level of the 12th thoracic vertebra, it passes

behind the diaphragm (through the aortic opening) in the midline and becomes continuous with the abdominal aorta.

C- Descending Thoracic Aorta

1-Posterior intercostal arteries are given off to the lower nine intercostal spaces 2-Pericardial, esophageal, and bronchial arteries are small branches that are distributed to these organs.

Branches

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The (descending) abdominal aorta 1-Celiac trunk (artery) 2-Superior mesenteric artery 3-Inferior mesenteric artery Supplies all organs of gastrointestinal tract that arise from embryonic foregut,that is, from abdominal part

• f esophagus

to duodenum, and also spleen Supplies all organs of gastrointestinal tract that arise from embryonic midgut, that is, from duodenum to transverse colon. Supplies all organs of gastrointestinal tract that arise from embryonic hindgut from transverse colon to rectum

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Subclavian artery

The left subclavian artery is a branch

• f the aortic arch while

The right subclavian artery is a branch from the brachiocephalic artery At the outer border of the first rib It becomes the

Axillary

Brachial

Radial artery Ulnar artery

At the lower border of teres major muscle it becomes the Opposite the neck of radius it divides into: Supplies the arm Supply the forearm and the hand Arteries of the upper limbs

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Abdominal aorta

Common iliac artery

External iliac artery Femoral artery

Popliteal artery Anterior tibial Posterior tibial Dorsalis pedis artery You need to know the names Arteries of the lower limbs

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1-The common carotid Main arteries of the head, neck and the face divides into external and internal carotid arteries at superior border of larynx a- The external carotid artery Supplies the face and neck b- The internal carotid artery The anterior cerebral artery passes forward toward frontal lobe of and Frontal, temporal, parietal cerebrum and middle cerebral artery

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