1 2 CIGRE has provided direction to the power industry since the - - PDF document

Thank you for the opportunity to talk about CIGRE, some of the issues facing our industry, and interesting ideas and innovations from around the world.

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CIGRE has provided direction to the power industry since the earliest days of interconnected networks. It began in 1921 in Paris, which explains the name of the organisation. CIGRE continues to grow with more than 80 national committees and a growing membership. CIGRE harnesses that international experience and diversity to identify solutions to industry issues.

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Industry issues are managed by 16 permanent international Study Committees. Australia and NZ combined have one member on each Study Committee. Each study committee creates Working Groups to examine and report on specific issues that have been approved by the Technical Committee. There are currently over 200 Working Groups.

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CIGRE monitors all areas of the power system, searching for solution options to quickly disseminate the implications and trends across the globe Study Committees meet annually in association with major industry events on preferential subjects defined by the Study Committee. The General Session is held in Paris every even year and other international locations in odd years. Technical papers are prepared for these events and questions are addressed through industry contributions. Study Committees do their work through Working Groups and Advisory Groups. These groups examine a specific industry issue and produce a report (Brochure) and a tutorial. The output from these groups informs the industry and sets the direction for future work CIGRE is using this feedback loop to inform strategic technical projects. It shows how the work done by CIGRE inputs into the strategic themes and sets new directions for future work.

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Working Groups produce Brochures which are substantial publications available to

• members. Tutorials are also produced by Working Groups.

About 40 brochures are produced each year and this selection shows the breadth of industry issues addressed by CIGRE.

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CIGRE in Australia mirrors the international structure of CIGRE. It has 16 Australian Panels. The convener of each Australian Panel is also the ANC representative on the international Study Committee. Each Australian Panel is made up of individual members and representatives of collective members of CIGRE. There is over 300 Australian Panel members. Each Australian Panel convener is also represented on the Australian Technical Committee to coordinate the technical activities in Australia and NZ. This structure directly informs the ANC members of the work of CIGRE and provides a structure that effectively influences the international work of CIGRE to address issues of most concern to our region.

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CIGRE in Australia is about:

• Contributing to the work of CIGRE and the needs of our members
• Influencing the international work of CIGRE
• Bringing international experience and solutions to our region
• Developing the next generation of industry experts

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The CIGRE event in Auckland brought together several robotic inspection systems that were presented on local news services by Transpower.

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• The NGN is another example of CIGRE’s commitment to developing young engineers
• The goal of the NGN is to develop the next generation of up-and-coming engineering

leaders and professionals.

• It is an international initiative.
• More than 100 members in Australia.

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• So why become an active member of the CIGRE and the NGN?
• By doing so, you become part of a organisation that will allow you to expand your

network nationally and internationally

• It provides you with an opportunity to develop yourself professionally and technically,

as well as gaining exposure to issues being dealt with around the world

• To contribute to the power engineering community.
• If you work for a corporate member of CIGRE, becoming a member of the NGN is

free.

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The strength of CIGRE comes from the fact that it covers the gamut of old and new systems, traditional electric power systems and rapidly developing countries. CIGRE diversity is a major strength. It allows us to record and monitor innovations within vastly different networks with a common purpose of solving the problems of the power system of the future

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They were 70 delegates that represented the ANC at the 2014 session. This was another strong representation from this region. 15 papers were selected from representatives from this region. The main content of the session is contributions to questions raised in the submitted papers and there were many contributions from this region. 13

The Opening Ceremony was presented by Terry Boston, President and CEO of PJM Interconnection, the major TSO based in north east USA. These are his top challenges.

• Uncertainty of future demand growth
• Climate change and extreme weather events
• Major changes in generation
• Demand behaviour
• Technologies for the future grid

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The increased frequency of super storms is a major concern and increasing cost for the east coast of the USA.

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After super storm Sandy many services were lost. This picture shows a bicycle generator being used to charge mobile phones, at a shop selling pizza for $9 a slice. Based on the calories in a pizza slice and the energy conversion efficiency of the human body, bicycle and generator, this is equivalent to $45,000 per MWhr.

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There is a massive fuel switch happening in the US. 26GW of coal power station retirements. Replaced by gas and renewables.

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The US, like many parts of the world, is experiencing high growth in renewable generation. The variability of this generation source presents a major challenge for power systems, and increases the need for network storage systems.

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Combining storage with renewable generation has begun in the USA.

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What lies ahead for our industry is uncertainty, because of the diversity of future scenarios. CIGRE provides a forum that allows the industry to approach this future with innovation and opportunity.

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The development of offshore renewable generation in Europe is advancing the concept development of HV DC grids.

The assumption is that there is an expansion of offshore generation.

The figure on the left shows traditional point-to-point connections resulting in a congested grid. The right figure shows what is possible with HV DC grids. This would result in a more interconnected European network that is better able to deliver renewable energy. 21

The scale of these offshore substations it shown in this paper submitted to the transformer session. The substation on the left is a closed design. The substation on the right is a large open design and the transformers can be clearly seen. 22

This is a design for huge offshore HV dc substation off the northern coast of Germany, with a capacity of 900MW. This paper addresses the electromagnetic compatibility issues and how to make such a platform safe. 23

HV DC cables is also an area of development. These pictures show a 500 KV DC cable installation in very long sections, including a single 1500m long directional drilled section. Typical EHV cable sections are 400m with only portions of that distance drilled, so this is a significant increase. 24

Superconducting cables in service in an urban environment in Essen, Germany. It was installed to replace a 110kV cable. The top picture shows the liquid nitrogen tank and the bottom picture shows the route. 25

This interesting diagram shows European electricity prices over a 10 year period. The diagram starts with 2003 prices at the top and 2012 at the bottom. The 24- hour day is shown across the bottom scale. Higher prices are shown as red and low prices are shown as blue. The diagram shows less red areas towards the bottom of the diagram demonstrating that the European market has become more stable in recent years. This is an interesting way to show 10 years of market information. 26

Part of the reason for more stable electricity markets could be increased interconnection capacity. This diagram shows improvement in connection capacity between Belgium, France and the Netherlands using dynamic line rating techniques. Transfer between Belgium and France is shown on the horizontal scale. Transfer between Belgium and the Netherlands is shown the vertical scale. The increased area of the polygon shows the extent that total transfer capacity can be increased. 27

In France helicopters are increasingly being used for transmission line construction to reduce environmental impact during construction. The pictures on the left show the construction of a 400kV pole. The pictures on the right are from the construction of a 400kV tower line. The top right diagram is a representation of the redesign of the sections of the tower to create equal weight sections for transport by helicopter. 28

Australia presented its approach to offsets where high quality natural areas are purchased (and often attached to national parks and reserves) to offset the impacts of clearing for transmission line easements. In Belgium there is an extensive project to create green corridors including the restoration of easements. The purpose is to create community value from their

• easements. The web site for the project also demonstrates how these initiatives can be

presented.

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An analysis of outages on the 400 KV network in Portugal. The top left figure shows outage probability against a range of factors. The horizontal scale shows time of the year. The depth scale shows average duration. The figure shows groupings of outages for causes such as fires, storks, lightning and pollution. The bottom right figure shows a spatial representation for the same outage groups. 30

Protected storks are a problem in Portugal because they love to build their huge nests in transmission line towers. The picture on the right shows how they are detecting the early stages of nest construction using software analysis of aerial inspection video. 31

Robotics and unmanned aerial vehicles is an area of significant international research.

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Geomagnetic disturbances can induce currents that cause the partial saturation

• f transformers.

The top figure shows geomagnetically induced current on the main power network in Canada during a solar storm.

The DC induced into the large networks can cause saturation of reactors and transformers.

The bottom figure shows the reactive power demand during that same event. 33

One presentation demonstrated that support for electric vehicles is well advanced in some parts of Europe where the necessary infrastructure is being put in place.

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There are many studies on how electric vehicles will integrate with a power network. This graph shows the vehicle arrival times and calculates the impact on the power network would be for vehicles being placed on charge on arrival. 35

The bottom right picture shows the reduced power demand in a section of the Italian distribution network due mainly to the penetration of solar panels. The top left chart shows the increase in the number of transformers experiencing reverse power flows. The number has increased 5% in 2010 to 31% in 2013. This demonstrates the increasing need for decentralise storage systems in some distribution networks. 36

Changes in generation and demand within the distribution network presents a difficult network management challenge. This diagram shows the significant increase communication required to operate both the distribution and transmission networks of the future. 37

Power companies keep a separation between operational and administrative IT systems. This is partly for security but traditionally the technologies in these two large IT systems have also been very different. There can be distinct benefits in being able to couple these systems. An example would be to enable true condition based maintenance systems. This is a significant strategic area in D2 where Australia is taking a lead.

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Dry type transformers have now reached 72 KV and 25 MVA. This is one of the transformers installed as part of the development for the Brazil World Cup. 39

Asset health is an important issue. There were a number of papers on transformer health indices. Australia is leading an international working group in this area. 40

RTE in France has studied the carbon footprint of substation components. One of the outcomes of this study is the use of recycled plastic cable ducts. 41

Another area of development is SF6 free high voltage equipment. The circuit

breaker on the right uses CO2 instead of SF6.

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A new family of gases has emerged as an alternative to SF6. Mixtures can be created which have very similar performance to SF6. 43

Ultra high-voltage DC is a major area of development. The scale of every item of equipment is massive compared to equipment on traditional networks. 44

HVDC is developing in two clear directions. Line Commutated Conversion is providing even larger capacity, point to point, power transmission options. This is the technology used in China, India and Brazil. Voltage Source Conversion presents the possibility of interconnected HVDC grids. This is the technology being considered for large scale application in Europe. Technical guidelines and planning tools are being developed.

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The presentation by the President State Grid Corporation of China was on the major transmission developments in China with 1000kV ac and 800kV dc projects. The unexpected component of the presentation was the vision to supply Europe with power from renewable and gas resources.

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These are the four strategic directions that CIGRE uses to create some direction for the industry.

• The power system of the future
• Making the best use of the existing power system
• Focus on environment and sustainability
• Communication on power system issues for decision makers

Managing aging assets. With less demand growth and no real change in large scale generation there will not be the same opportunity to replace through augmentation. Average asset ages are set to increase. Two issues that relate to network costs. Network charges are now unlikely to increase. Profit will come from reducing costs. Industry structure rather than technologies. Privatisation. Industry regulation. Changing generation and demand. Stakeholder engagement has been a big issue for our industry. The industry does need to improve how it communicates its issues with consumers. Safety is a critical issue. If we are managing an aging power system, how do we achieve even higher expectations for public safety? The last three issues are all about people and change. There seems to be a belief that

• ur businesses and people need to be more agile.

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Thank you for the opportunity to talk about CIGRE and its dedication to developing solutions for power industry issues. I hope I have been able to give some insight into and how it functions both internationally and here in Australia and New Zealand. I hope I have also given you a taste of the issues and innovations from around the world. The need for innovation in our industry is just as great now as it has ever been.

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