Zeolites Content 1. Discovery 2. Structure 3. Formation and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Zeolites Content 1. Discovery 2. Structure 3. Formation and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 10, 2023 454 likes •910 views

Properties and Applications of Zeolites Content 1. Discovery 2. Structure 3. Formation and synthesis 4. Application Discovery 1756 Zein - to boil Axel Fredrick Cronstedt Lithos - a stone Stilbite Structure -H 2 O H 2 O Structure Si,

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Properties and Applications of Zeolites

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Content

  • 1. Discovery
  • 2. Structure
  • 3. Formation and synthesis
  • 4. Application
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Discovery

1756 Axel Fredrick Cronstedt

Zein - to boil Lithos - a stone

Stilbite

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Structure

  • H2O

H2O

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Structure

Si, Al, Be, Mg, P, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, Co, B, Li, As

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Definition

  • 1. Crystalline substance.
  • 2. Framework consists of linked tetrahedra.
  • 3. Tetrahedron consists of O atoms surrounding the

cation.

  • 4. Framework contains open cavities.
  • 5. Cavities are usually occupied by H2O molecules and

extra-framework cations that are usually exchangeable.

  • 6. The channels are large enough to pass the guest

species.

  • 7. The framework may be interrupted.
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Composition

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3D Framework

4-connected net

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http://iza-structure.org 245 50

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Building units

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ZSM-5 Zeolite Socony Mobil-five

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ZSM-5 FeS-1 MnS-1 Mutinaite [As-Si-O]-MFI [Ga-Si-O]-MFI [Fe-Si-O]-MFI NU-4 TSZ-III ZBH Encilite AZ-1 TSZ ZKQ-1B TS-1 USI-108 ZMQ-TB NU-5 TZ-01 USC-4 AMS-1B FZ-1 LZ-105 Bor-C Boralite C Silicalite

Materials

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Formation

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Deposits

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Natural zeolites

analcime chabasite heulandite clinoptilolite natrolite sodalite phillipsite stilbite

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Synthesis

Hydrothermal crystallization Nan(AlO2)x(SiO2)y·zH2O Ageing Nan(AlO2)x(SiO2)yNaOH·zH2O 25-1750C Mixing NaAl(OH)4+Na2SiO3+NaOH +template, 250C gel formation Filtration Calcination 400-9000C

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Synthesis

Composition Concentrations and reactant ratio Order of mixing Temperature Ageing time Crystallization time pH Stirring/No stirring Seeding Templates

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1.M. M. J. Treacy, I. Rivin, E. Balkovsky, K. H. Randall, M. D. Foster, Enumeration of Periodic Tetrahedral Frameworks. II. Polynodal Graphs.

  • Micropor. Mesopor. Mater. 2004, 74, 121.

2.R. Pophale, P. A. Cheeseman, M. W. Deem, A database of new zeolite-like materials. Phys. Chem.

  • Chem. Phys. 2011, 13, 12407.

3.Y. Li, J. Yu, R. Xu, Criteria for Zeolite Frameworks Realizable for Target Synthesis. Angew. Chem. Int.

  • Ed. 2013, 52, 1673.

Hypothetical zeolites

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Application

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Zeolite A

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Zeolite X Si/Al 1.25 ZeoliteY Si/Al 2.3 USY (Ultra-Stable-Y) Si/Al 5.6

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H-ZSM-5

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Application: building

4 000 000 t

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Adsorbents Molecular sieves Catalysis Kt-exchange

Kt- exchange Many actives centers Various T-atoms Channels & cavities Si, Al, Be, Mg, P, Ti, Mn, Fe, Zn, Ga, Ge, Co, B, Li, As

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Applications: catalysis

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Applications: catalysis

Zeolite Y (FAU) 300 000 t

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Applications: catalysis

“Polyester” industry

H-ZSM-5 (MFI)

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Applications: catalysis

Methanol to Gasoline (MTG) Process

H-ZSM-5 (MFI)

5.5 A

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Methanol to Olefins (MTO) Process

Applications: catalysis

H-SAPO-34 (CHA)

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Applications: Chemical oxidation

TS-1 (MFI)

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Zeolite Y (FAU)

Applications: Photo-oxidation

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Application: “Ship in a bottle” complex

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Applications: “Ship in a bottle” complex

Zeolite Y (FAU) Photo-catalysts

2,4,6-triphenylthiapyrylium cation

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Applications: Kt-exchange

Zeolite A (LTA) 1,400 000 t

Ca2+, Mg2+ Pb2+, Cd2+, Zn2+

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Clinoptilolite (HEU) 500 000 t

134Cs, 137Cs, 90Sr

Applications: Kt-exchange

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Applications: Medicine

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Applications: Agriculture

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Applications: Adsorption

Clinoptilolite (HEU) Zeolite A (LTA)

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Applications: Anion adsorption

Ag+-Zeolite+NaI→Na+-Zeolite+AgI↓

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Applications: Adsorption

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Applications: Molecular sieves

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Applications: Molecular sieves

Zeolite A (LTA) Zeolite Y (FAY) H-ZSM-5 (MFI) Drying agent Separation of gases Hydrocarbon sieving

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References

  • 1. http://iza-structure.org
  • 2. Fischer R. X., Baur W. H. Materials with Zeolite-Type
  • Structures. Landolt-Börnstein Numerical Data and

Functional Relationships in Science and Technology. Group IV: Physical Chemistry Volume 14.

  • 3. Christopher J. Rhodes Properties and applications of

zeolites Science Progress (2010), 93(3), 1–63

  • 4. Haw, J.F. (2002) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 4, 5431.
  • 5. Corma, A. and Garcia, H. (2004) Eur. J. Chem., 1143

Thank you for your attention