X e n o n D o p i n g o f L i q u i d A r g o - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

SLIDE 1

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

(

• n

b e h a l f

• f

t h e x e n

• n

d

• p

i n g w

• r

k i n g g r

• u

p ) S P P h

• t
• n

D e t e c t i

• n

R e v i e w N

• v

. 1 2 , 2 1 8

SLIDE 2

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

C

• n

t e n t

• E

fg e c t s

• f

x e n

• n

d

• p

a n t

• P

h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• T

i m i n g , w a v e l e n g t h s t r u c t u r e , u n i f

• r

m i t y , d e s i g n s i m p l i fj c a t i

• n
• C

r y

• g

e n i c s

• I

n j e c t i n g , m a i n t a i n i n g , m

• n

i t

• r

i n g , c

• s

t

• T

P C I n t e r a c t i

• n
• C

h a r g e a t t e n u a t i

• n

, H V s t a b i l i t y

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2

SLIDE 3

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

L i q u i d A r g

• n

S c i n t i l l a t i

• n

M e c h a n s i m

• E

x c i t a t i

• n
• f

s h

• r

t

• l

i v e d a r g

• n

m

• l

e c u l a r s t a t e s .

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

3

Ar Ar+ Ar* Ar2*

(singlet)

Ar Ar Ar2*

(triplet)

Ar

e- μ-

Ar2+

e-

50% 50% 35% 65% 1.6 μs 7 ns 128 nm

Self-Trapped Excitation Ionization Recombination

SLIDE 4

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

• C
• l

l i s i

• n

a l e n e r g y t r a n s f e r f r

• m

a r g

• n

e x c i m e r t

• x

e n

• n

e x c i m e r

• H

a p p e n s

• n

a f a s t e r t i m e s c a l e t h a n A r t r i p l e t l i f e t i m e .

– T

r i g g e r s t r i p l e t e m i s s i

• n

t

• p

r

• d

u c e a f a s t e r s i g n a l

– C

• n

v e r t s s c i n t i l l a t i

• n

l i g h t t

• 1

7 4 n m .

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

4

E fg e c t s

• f

X e n

• n

D

• p

a n t

174

SLIDE 5

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

• R

e c e n t fj n d i n g s

• I

n c r e a s i n g s h i f t

• f

s c i n t i l l a t i

• n

t

• 1

7 4 n m w i t h a d d e d x e n

• n

d

• p

a n t

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

5

TU Munich 2014-2015

E fg e c t s

• f

X e n

• n

D

• p

a n t

SLIDE 6

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

• R

e c e n t fj n d i n g s

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

6

Pure LAr

E fg e c t s

• f

X e n

• n

D

• p

a n t

PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE Double-Shift Light Guides

SLIDE 7

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

E fg e c t s

• f

X e n

• n

D

• p

a n t

• R

e c e n t fj n d i n g s

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

7

~20 ppm Xe in LAr

PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE Double-Shift Light Guides

SLIDE 8

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

E fg e c t s

• f

X e n

• n

D

• p

a n t

• R

e c e n t fj n d i n g s

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

8

~60 ppm Xe in LAr

PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE Double-Shift Light Guides

SLIDE 9

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• T

i m i n g

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

9

Pure LAr Pure LAr

Time structure of incident photons SiPM signal structure PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE Double- Shift Light Guide DUNE Double- Shift Light Guide

SLIDE 10

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• T

i m i n g – R e d u c e d fm a s h

• v

e r l a p f r

• m

l a t e

• l

i g h t s i g n a l s

– M

a i n t a i n s s u b

• T

P C

• t

i c k l e a d i n g

• e

d g e t i m i n g r e s

• l

u t i

• n

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1

~20 ppm Xe in LAr ~20 ppm Xe in LAr

Time structure of incident photons SiPM signal structure PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE Double- Shift Light Guide DUNE Double- Shift Light Guide

SLIDE 11

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• Wa

v e l e n g t h s t r u c t u r e

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 1

PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE-style Dip-Coated Light Guides

SLIDE 12

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• Wa

v e l e n g t h s t r u c t u r e

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 2

PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE-style Dip-Coated Light Guides

SLIDE 13

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• Wa

v e l e n g t h s t r u c t u r e

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 3

PAB (Blanche) 2016

DUNE-style Dip-Coated Light Guides

SLIDE 14

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• Wa

v e l e n g t h s t r u c t u r e

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 4

• V. Ippolito, F. Pietropaolo, H. Wang, Y. Wang, 2018

Light detected with PMTs (sensitive to different wavelengths)

SLIDE 15

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• Wa

v e l e n g t h s t r u c t u r e

• M
• s

t s c i n t i l l a t i

• n

l i g h t i s c

• n

v e r t e d t

• 1

7 4 n m

– D

e t e c t

• r

s t y p i c a l l y m

• r

e e ffj c i e n t

– M

a t e r i a l s m

• r

e r e fm e c t i v e

– L

• n

g e r R a y l e i g h s c a t t e r i n g l e n g t h

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 5

PAB (Blanche) 2016

SLIDE 16

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

PAB (Blanche) 2016

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• Wa

v e l e n g t h s t r u c t u r e

• I

n d i c a t i

• n

s

• f

l a r g e r i n c i d e n t p h

• t
• n

fm u x

– A

t ~ 2 p p m X e i n L A r ,

• 1

2 8 n m c

• m

p

• n

e n t r e d u c e d t

• 1

/ 5

• f

t

• t

a l p u r e L A r s i g n a l ( 8 % c

• n

v e r s i

• n

t

• 1

7 4 n m ) ≳

• 1

7 4 n m c

• m

p

• n

e n t a b

• u

t 1 . 5 t i m e s l a r g e r t h a n t

• t

a l p u r e L A r s i g n a l

• T
• t

a l

• f

a b

• u

t 3

• 7

% m

• r

e p h

• t
• n

s r e a c h e d d e t e c t

• r

s

– (

a b

• u

t 9 % l a r g e r a v e r a g e s i g n a l

• n

t h e s e d e t e c t

• r

s )

• N
• t

e : T h e b e n e fj t s f r

• m

t h i s e fg e c t w i l l d e p e n d

• n

t h e r e l a t i v e e ffj c i e n c y

• f

t h e d e t e c t

• r

t e c h n

• l
• g

y a t 1 2 8 n m v s 1 7 4 n m .

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 6

SLIDE 17

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• U

n i f

• r

m i t y

– R

e d u c e d R a y l e i g h s c a t t e r i n g i m p r

• v

e s v i s i b i l i t y n e a r C P A

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 7

~6 times longer Rayleigh scattering length DUNE Simulation

SLIDE 18

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• D

e s i g n S i m p l i fj c a t i

• n

s

– P

• t

e n t i a l t

• r

e m

• v

e

• u

t e r w a v e l e n g t h s h i f t e r f r

• m

l i g h t c

• l

l e c t

• r

m

• d

u l e s

• U

V l i g h t p a s s e s d i r e c t l y i n t

• l

i g h t

• t

r a p p i n g v

• l

u m e

– S

u b s t a n t i a l l y r e d u c e c

• s

t

– R

e m

• v

e l i g h t e x p

• s

u r e m i t i g a t i

• n

r e q u i r e m e n t s ( l i g h t fj l t e r s )

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 8

174 nm shifted light No need for outer wavelength shifter

SLIDE 19

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

C r y

• g

e n i c s

• I

n j e c t i

• n

– I

n j e c t l

• w
• c
• n

c e n t r a t i

• n

x e n

• n

d i r e c t l y i n t

• L

A r

• P

r e m i x G X e i n t

• G

A r a n d h e a t t

• p

r e v e n t f r e e z i n g

• A

v a i l a b l e a n d s u c c e s s f u l l y

• p

e r a t e d a t P A B

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

1 9

SLIDE 20

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

C r y

• g

e n i c s

• I

n j e c t i

• n

– I

n j e c t x e n

• n

g a s t

• a

r g

• n

g a s p r i

• r

t

• c
• n

d e n s a t i

• n

– A

v a i l a b l e a n d s u c c e s s f u l l y

• p

e r a t e d a t C E R N

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2

SLIDE 21

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

C r y

• g

e n i c s

• I

n j e c t i

• n

– I

n j e c t x e n

• n

g a s t

• a

r g

• n

g a s p r i

• r

t

• c
• n

d e n s a t i

• n

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 1

Possible locations for GAr+GXe premixing

SLIDE 22

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

C r y

• g

e n i c s

• M

a i n t a i n i n g

– I

n d i c a t i

• n

s a r e t h a t X e r e m a i n s s t a b l e i n s

• l

u t i

• n

.

• O

b s e r v e d s c i n t i l l a t i

• n

s t r u c t u r e a t B l a n c h e 2 1 6 c

• n

s i s t e n t w i t h l

• s

s e s

• n

l y f r

• m

L A r b

• i

l

• fg

t h r

• u

g h m

• n

i t

• r

i n g d e v i c e s . T h i s w a s

• b

s e r v e d

• v

e r t h e c

• u

r s e

• f

a b

• u

t 2 w e e k s .

– C

u r r e n t l y n

• p

l a n s t

• t
• p
• fg

a F a r d e t e c t

• r

m

• d

u l e . T h i s m e a n s t h a t

• v

e r t i m e t h e r e w i l l b e L A r l

• s

s . T h i s w a s e s t i m a t e d t

• b

e ~ 1 ” / y r w h i c h w

• u

l d r e p r e s e n t a . 2 % c h a n g e / y r i n t h e X e d

• p

i n g f r a c t i

• n

.

– S

y s t e m a t i c s t u d y n e e d e d t

• c
• n

fj r m s t a b i l i t y .

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 2

DW | Alan Bross & Mark Adamowski

SLIDE 23

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

C r y

• g

e n i c s

• M
• n

i t

• r

i n g

– C

u r r e n t p l a n s t

• i

n v e s t i g a t e r e s i d u a l g a s a n a l y z e r

• O

n e d e p l

• y

e d a n d u n d e r s t u d y a t C E R N

– C

h a l l e n g i n g a b

• v

e 1 A M U

– Wi

l l b e p a i r e d w i t h g a s c h r

• m

a t

• g

r a p h l a t e r t h i s y e a r .

• C
• n

s t a n t c a l i b r a t i

• n

a g a i n s t s t a n d a r d i z e d A r

• X

e m i x t u r e s .

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 3

Francesco Pietropaolo

SLIDE 24

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

C r y

• g

e n i c s

• C
• s

t

– A

d e t a i l e d c

• s

t e s t i m a t e w

• u

l d r e q u i r e a n e v a l u a t i

• n
• f

fm

• w

r a t e s , p i p i n g d e s i g n , e t c . , b u t i s l i k e l y t

• b

e s m a l l c

• m

p a r e d t

• t

h e c

• s

t

• f

X e .

– X

e n

• n

w

• u

l d l i k e l y c

• s

t ~ $ 2 k / ( p p m X e d

• p

i n g l e v e l ) p e r F a r d e t e c t

• r

m

• d

u l e .

– O

p t i m i z a t i

• n
• f

x e n

• n

d

• p

i n g l e v e l n e e d e d , b u t l i k e l y i n t h e r a n g e

• f

3

• 1

p p m .

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 4

from: Alan Bross & Mark Adamowski

SLIDE 25

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

T P C I n t e r a c t i

• n
• Wh

a t i m p a c t w i l l t h e x e n

• n

h a v e

• n

t h e c h a r g e y i e l d ? C h a r g e a t t e n u a t i

• n

? H V s t a b i l i t y ?

– N

e e d t

• i

n v e s t i g a t e w i t h T P C + P D s e t u p

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 5 Scintillation Charge DUNE Single-Phase TPC E-Field S.Kubota et al., Phys. Rev. B20 (1979), 3486

SLIDE 26

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

S u mma r y

• S

m a l l c

• n

c e n t r a t i

• n
• f

x e n

• n

h a s s e v e r a l b e n e fj t s f

• r

D U N E

• R

e d u c e d a m b i g u i t y f r

• m

l a t e l i g h t ,

• I

m p r

• v

e d u n i f

• r

m i t y a c r

• s

s d r i f t d i r e c t i

• n
• P
• t

e n t i a l f

• r

i n c r e a s e d e ffj c i e n c y a n d s i m p l i fj e d d e t e c t

• r

d e s i g n

• C

r y

• g

e n i c s

• I

n j e c t i n g h a s b e e n p e r f

• r

m e d i n d i fg e r e n t w a y s , l i k e l y t

• b

e s t r a i g h f

• r

w a r d a t D U N E F D .

• C
• n

c e n t r a t i

• n

s h

• u

l d r e m a i n s t a b l e , b u t s t u d i e s n e e d e d t

• c
• n

fj r m .

• M
• n

i t

• r

i n g i s a p

• t

e n t i a l c h a l l e n g e a n d a d d i t i

• n

a l i n v e s t i g a t i

• n

s a r e n e e d e d .

• C
• s

t s h

• u

l d b e r e a s

• n

a b l e f

• r

l

• w

x e n

• n

c

• n

c e n t r a t i

• n

.

• T

P C I n t e r a c t i

• n

( u n l i k e l y , b u t s h

• u

l d b e i n v e s t i g a t e d )

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 6

SLIDE 27

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

B a c k u p

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 7

SLIDE 28

You Inst Logo You Inst Logo

P h y s i c s B e n e fj t s

• U

n i f

• r

m i t y

– I

n c r e a s e d r a y l e i g h s c a t t e r i n g i m p r

• v

e s v i s i b i l i t y n e a r C P A

D e n v e r Wh i t t i n g t

• n

| X e n

• n

D

• p

i n g

• f

L i q u i d A r g

• n

2 8

~6 times longer Rayleigh scattering length DUNE Simulation