WWH-OCE 18 January 2006 Palais des Nations, Geneva Evaluation of - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

1

WWH-OCE

• Evaluation of the WNTE control area
• The Netherlands
• André Rijnders
• Geneva, 17 January 2006
• 12 th meeting of Working group on Off-Cycle Emissions
• Data from TNO automotive

OCE Informal Document No. 37 Twelfth Plenary Meeting of the Working Group On Off-Cycle Emissions 18 January 2006 Palais des Nations, Geneva

2

Introduction

Main question: Is the WNTE control area sufficiently wide enough?

• r

Are there spots in the engine map (outside the control area) that have a significant emission contribution in real life operation?

3

Approach

1. Determine the WNTE area for an ‘average’ engine 2. Simulate a number of representative case 3. (representative vehicle types over representative real-life driving cycles) 4. Calculate the emission contribution for each part of the engine map 5. Evaluate the emission contributions in- and outside the control area

4

0 ,2 0 ,4 0 ,6 0 ,8 1 1 ,2 0 ,2 0 ,4 0 ,6 0 ,8 1 1 ,2 1 ,4

N o rm a lise d e n g in e sp e e d Normalised engine torq m ax . torque N TE z one 30% pow er 70% pow er A , B and C s peed P M c arve-out

WNTE control area (work.doc. version 8)

Normalised engine torque

Control area for ‘average’ Euro 3 engine (11 engines)

Nnorm=0.39

5 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4

No r m alis e d e n g in e s p e e d Normalised engine torq

m ax . torque NTE z one 30% power 70% power A , B and C s peed P M c arve-out

WNTE control area (work.doc. version 9)

Normalised engine torque

Control area for ‘average’ Euro 3 engine

Nnorm=0.29

6

NOx emission map (average Euro 3)

Engine speed (norm.) Engine torque (norm.)

Relative NOx emission

• 0.2
• 0.1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

00

NTE zone

Engine: Euro 3 (average)

7

Simulated city driving cycle for truck with trailer (second by second)

• 0,2

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2

• 0,2

0,2 0,4 0,6 0,8 1 1,2 1,4

Normalised engine speed Normalised engine torq

load points NTE zone 30% power

Normalised engine torque

8

• 0,2
• 0,1

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

• 0,1

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3

Normalised engine speed Normalised engine torq

load points NTE zone 30% power

Grid is placed over the engine map

Normalised engine torque

9

• 0,2
• 0,1

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

• 0,1

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3

Normalised engine speed Normalised engine torq

load points NTE zone 30% power

Emission contribution per box is calculated

Normalised engine torque

Contribution is sum of momentaneous emissions for loadpoints in the box

10

Engine speed (norm.) Engine torque (norm.)

Relative NOx contribution

• 0.2
• 0.1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 00

NTE zone Vehicle: Truck with trailer Engine: Euro 3 (average) Driving cycle: City Shifting: Economic/fast

Graphical representation

Engine speed (norm.) Engine torque (norm.)

Relative NOx emission

• 0.2
• 0.1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 00

NTE zone Engine: Euro 3 (average)

• 0,2
• 0,1

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2

• 0,1

0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5 0,6 0,7 0,8 0,9 1 1,1 1,2 1,3

Normalised engine speed Normalised engine torq

load points NTE zone 30% power

11

Results for NOx and PM (truck/trailer in city driving)

Engine speed (norm.) Engine torque (norm.)

Relative NOx contribution

• 0.2
• 0.1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

00

NTE zone

Vehicle: Truck with trailer Engine: Euro 3 (average) Driving cycle: City Shifting: Economic/fast

Engine speed (norm.) Engine torque (norm.)

Relative PM contribution

• 0.2
• 0.1

0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 0.0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4

00

NTE zone

Vehicle: Truck with trailer Engine: Euro 3 (average) Driving cycle: City Shifting: Economic/fast

12

Results for different cases

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 truck and trailer (city) truck and trailer (rural) truck and trailer (motorway) urban bus (city) [%] Share in NTE zone NOx contribution PM contribution 5 10 15 20 25 30 truck and trailer (city) truck and trailer (rural) truck and trailer (motorway) urban bus (city) [%] Idle share NOx contribution PM contribution

NTE zone contribution Idle contribution

13

Conclusions

• WNTE control area sufficient wide

enough?

• High emission NOx and PM in NTE
• NOX

54 % - 83 %

• PM

38 % - 72 %

• Timeshare in NTE
• City

20 % (low because of idle)

• Highway

65 %

• WNTE control area is reasonably wide

enough

• Nevertheless optimization of manufacturer

still possible

14

Conclusions

• Are there spots in the engine map (outside

the control area) that have a significant emission contribution in real life operation?

• High timeshare below lowest NTE line
• Specific between 20%-60% engine speed
• Relative low emission contribution (euro 3)
• Idle is hot spot with high timeshare
• WHSC item
• Not taken account in this study the 30 second procedure

15

Thanks