WIVE workshop WIVE workshop Managing distributed innovation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
WIVE workshop WIVE workshop Managing distributed innovation processes in Virtual Organisations by applying the Virtual Organisations by applying the Collaborative Network Relationship Analysis Dr. rer. pol. Jens Eschenbcher Dipl. Inf. Heiko
PROVE 2009
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Innovation: Product innovation I-Phone, IPOD Product innovation Process innovation Global innovation processes (concept in US manufacturing in China test cases in Process innovation US, manufacturing in China, test cases in several countries, etc.) Service innovation Automatic update of Podcasts I-Tunes, platform for all types of new business ideas (talking books, radio stations, podcasts, …) Business model innovation technical Innovation, application innovation, empirical innovation, marketing innovation, structural Innovation Further models
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
(Reference: Granig 2007, S. 197, Geoffrey 2004, S. 62)
Market research Design Pre-development Product development production
Main innovation: Situation: Main innovation: Multi-touch governance of objects and information on an intelligent front mirror Situation:
g p y,
challenges and
( t ti t 1500 2500 E ) ? (cost estimate: 1500-2500 Euros) ? Objective:
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Definition and analysis of needed, collaborative network relationships
Qualitative-oriented methods – etimate Quantitative-oriented methods-measure
(Hollstein 2006, Eschenbaecher 2009, Jarimo And Korpiaho 2008, Wassermann and Fausst 2008):
(Ellmann 2007, Rank 2003, Wald 2003, Wührer 1995, Jansen 2006, Abreu and Camarinha-Matos 2008, S. S. Msanjila,
Relationship analysis (collaborative networks) )
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Outward Orientation
(Rank 1998, Wald 2003,…)
Inward Orientation
(Renz 1998, Rank 2003, Wald 2003, …)
Network Density
(Ellmann 2008)
Network Centrality
(Ellmann 2008)
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
A B C Identification of Collaborative Relationships Identification of Interaction Groups Collaboration Intensities Id tifi ti f I t ti I t ti h Identification of Collaborative Relationships Interactions are
Interactions have Intensities
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
VO formation VO set-up VO dissolution nodes edges
Accurate
Collaborative network
Accurate understanding
Collaborative network relationship analysis Providing information on innovation processes in
time
Structural dimension p VO operation phase
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
and network structure Analysis and definition of competencies and network structures
Presentation of network by using a value-chain oriented analysis
nning phase
p p 3.Define and measure cooperation intensities Deduction of interactions (cost estimates) and cooperation intensities between partners
Plan
cooperation intensities Configuration of Stage-Gate Model on Basis of necessary interactions and respective cooperation intensities
tion phase
Selection of appropriate tools and applications to support interactions within cooperative innovations process
Configurat
Accomplishment and evaluation of phases and gates
sage/ Evalu- tion phase
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Us a
Step 1 Identification of Interactions and their Categories Step 2 Definition of Variables for each Interaction Group Step 3 Investigation of the Collaboration Intensity Estimate about cooperation intensity by using a scoring system: Innovation-promoting interactions Tangible-means related interactions Legal interactions Definition of objectives ICT administration complexity by using a scoring system: 1 = difficult, 0.5 = medium,: 0 = simple Criteria Interaction Financial interactions Personal interactions ICT-related interactions interdisciplinary cooperation Conflict potential Adjustment necessity I1 I2 I3 I4 I5 Definition of
0,5 0,5 1 ICT 0,5 1 1 0,5 Dependency of planning Information deformation management Complexity 0,5 0,5 1 1 0,5 0 – 2 points Step 4 Specification of the Collaboration Intensity by application of steps 1-3 Step5 Identification of the Collaborative Relationships Based on the Evaluated Interactions 2 – 4 points 4 – 5.5 points 5.5 – 7 points WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer 7 – 8 points
Automotive supplier‐ Soft‐ und Hardware
VE VT
I1 I5
PE PR RA
Innovation‐promoting interaction I1: Display technology I2: display contrast and brightness I5: Software concept i
VE
I1 I13
I7: First prototype I13: Feedback by living labs Tangibe means related interactions
VE PE PE
I2 I3 I4 I5 I11 I7
interactions I3: Derating I8: pre‐series models I10: technology test
PR PR EK
I6 I11 I10
Legal interactions I14: patent management Financial interactions
Automotive OEM Display producer
VT RA
I7 I8 I9 I12 I14
I4: House Engineer I6: sample management I11: project controlling Personal interactions
Implementation Engineering company Display producer Display technolgy
VE PE PR VT
Personal interactions I9: exchange of experts ICT related interactions I12: ICT infrastructure, Sharepoint Portal
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
g g p y Mechanic and construction
, p
Example – Basic Assumptions
P j t ith 4 P t (N d )
P1 P2
– Project with 4 Partners (Nodes)
P4 P4 P3
Workplan
4 Tasks to be performed – 4 Tasks to be performed (effort in person-days, time in weeks)
P1 P2 P3 P4 Task 1 Task 2 Start Dur. 4 2 8 20.0 30 0 12.0 21 2 Totals 32.0 51 2 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 2 8 6 6 8 6 30.0 14.0 21.2 10.0 18 0 30 0 51.2 24.0 48 0
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Task 4 8 6 18.0 30.0 48.0
Ass ming eq all distrib ted reso rces o er the Assuming equally distributed resources over the duration, the collaboration intensity can be calculated by dividing the totals by the duration of the task.
P1 P2 P3 P4 Task 1 Task 2 Start Dur. 4 2 8 20.0 30 0 12.0 21 2 Totals 32.0 51 2 Intens. 8.0 6 4 Task 2 Task 3 Task 4 2 8 6 6 8 6 30.0 14.0 21.2 10.0 18 0 30 0 51.2 24.0 48 0 6.4 4.0 8 0
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Task 4 8 6 18.0 30.0 48.0 8.0
(Wassermann und Fausst 1994, 2008, Knocke und Kulinski 2006)
i
N Out ijk
Outward Orientation i
index of actor i j index of actor j
1
i
j j
(Rank 1998, Wald 2003,…)
N
j index of actor j k network k N total number of actors i t k k
Inward Orientation
(Renz 1998, Rank 2003, Wald 2003, …)
1
i
In ijk i
in a network k
Network Density
(Ellmann 2008)
2 1 1
N N k ijk i j
( )
j
N ijk ijk
Network Centrality
(Ellmann 2008)
1
ijk ijk j N N i ijk
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
1 1 ijk i j
Symbol Description
N N 1 1
,( )
N N ijk i j
z i j
Number of considered Interactions
ijk
z
interaction z (between the nodes i and j) of category k
ijk
interaction z (between the nodes i and j) of category k
ijk
z
x
Collaboration intensity of interaction
ijk
z
0zijk
t
Starting point (in time) for interaction
ijk
z
ijk
j
zijk
d
t
Continuity of interaction
ijk
z
ijk
z
g
Weighting factor of interactions
ijk
z
j ijk ijk
z z
x g
Product of collaboration intensity and weighting factor of interaction
ijk
z ( )
ijk
z
I t
Intensity of interaction
ijk
z
at point in time t
ijk
z
C
Cost of interaction
ijk
z
during the duration
zijk
d
t
( )
ijk
z
c t
Cost of interaction
ijk
z
at point of time t
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Intensity
Then, the collaboration intensity can be shown over the time.
, ( ) ( ) , other cases
ijk ijk z z z ijk ijk ijk ijk
z z d z
x g t t t t I t
Task 1 T k 2 Task 4
8
Task 2 T k 3 Task 3
4
Time
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Accumulated Intensity
Adding the intensities results in the total collaboration intensity,
y
which is a step curve.
( ) ( )
ijk
N N z
GI t I t
1 1
ijk
z i j
12 8
Time
4
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Accumulated Intensity
Integrating the total intensities results in the accumulated
y
collaboration intensity.
8
t t N N
6
1 1
( ) ( )d ( ) d
ijk
z i j
AGI t GI t t I t t
4
Time
2
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
2 4 6 8 10 12 14
Market research Design Pre-development Product development Production
The project has been started without a collaborative network relationship analysis. Uncorrectly estimated work efforts in project management led immediatel to both cost increase and lead time dela s management led immediately to both cost increase and lead time delays. Due to economic crises innovation project is in hold position. The innovation project budget has been substantially underestimated.
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
Methods to support a more practical, qualitative analysis of collaborative network relationships are yet not available in y mature state. Current Reseach is focussing on the application of mathematical, quantitivative models These models are often very static and they quantitivative models. These models are often very static and they also imply a concrete understanding of real processes which probabaly remains difficult. The ideas of an indicator for analyzing collaborative relationships on information's delivered by managers can be seen as an attempt to combine analytical methods with qualitative information combine analytical methods with qualitative information. First steps in case studies show that the specification of collaboration intensities supports analytical thinking In a next step the authors will try to formalize the collaborative network relationship analysis by applying graph theory and media richness theory
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer
media-richness theory.
This work has been partly funded by the European Commission through FP7 Project p g j EU-FP7-216256 COIN
WIVE workshop Jens Eschenbächer