within Heliconiini butterflies Bastien Nay - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

LABEX Ombeline Sculfort Evolution of chemical defenses within Heliconiini butterflies Bastien Nay Violaine Llaurens Marianne Elias

INTRODUCTION – Heliconiini butterflies

INTRODUCTION – Mullerian mimicry  Toxic species sharing common warning signal: wing pattern ▪ Convergent evolution ▪ Mimicry ring TRY bybio.wordpress.com Modified from Mathieu Joron

INTRODUCTION – Mimicry ring  Toxic species sharing a common warning signal within a given habitat  High abundance → low toxicity ?  Low abundance → High toxicity ? Butterfly toxicity modulates predator learning process

INTRODUCTION – What influence toxicity evolution? ▪ All stages are toxic: cyanogenic glucosides (CGs) ▪ Plant secondary metabolite metamorphosis (plant coevolution) ▪ Some are capable of de novo synthesis (larvae and adult) H. numata Synthesized Sequestered

QUESTIONS Plant coevolution (new PATTERN chemicals) TOXICITY Predation Mimicry ring

QUESTIONS Plant coevolution (new PATTERN chemicals) TOXICITY Predation Diversification? Mimicry ring ?

BUTTERFLY SAMPLING 155 wild butterflies 31 species, 7 genera 4 countries LC-MS LC-MS/MS → To identify and to quantify toxins Spatial data for Heliconius butterflies and allies http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/neil_rosser/

6 basal genera (6 species) Heliconiini 77 species Eueides (4 species) v Heliconius (21 species) v Kozak et al,. 2015

1: Toxin diversification – qualitative variations Phylogenetic signal : Blomberg’s K Synthesized toxins → significant Appeared in common ancestor (Zagrobelny et al ., 2018) Sequestered toxins → NS coevolution with hostplant? Toxin diversification in Heliconius , linked to host plant shift?

1: Toxin diversification – quantitative variations Mean toxin concentrations per species 120 Basal genera Eueides Heliconius 100 80 µg/mg 60 40 20 0

2: Variations among mimicry rings Phylogenetic ANOVA ANOVA Pr(>F) Pr(>F) 0.0719 0.525

2: Variations among mimicry rings 5 2 5 4 9 6

2: Variations among mimicry rings Within ring?

2: Variations among mimicry rings Within ring?

3: Variations within mimicry ring – Blue Mean toxin concentrations (µg/mg) 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 H. congener H. doris blue H. eleuchia H. sara H. wallacei linamarin epi/lotaustralin epivolkenin Spatial data for Heliconius butterflies and allies tetraphyllinA/deidaclin gynocardin dihydrogynocardin http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/neil_rosser/

3: Variations within mimicry ring – Tiger Mean toxin concentrations (µg/mg) 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 H. ethilla H. hecale E. isabella E. lampeto H. numata H. aerotome felix acacetes tarapotensis pardalinus Spatial data for Heliconius butterflies and allies linamarin epi/lotaustralin http://www.ucl.ac.uk/taxome/neil_rosser/

CONCLUSION Toxin diversification Diversification of toxin composition in Heliconius , linked with host plant? No variations in toxin concentrations Among mimicry ring No strong effect of mimicry among groups Within mimicry ring Evolution of toxicity leads to different way of acquiring toxins No significative results Toxicity evolution → Phylogeny = synthesized toxins + ecology = sequestered toxins Increase sample size!

C. Pinna THANK YOU ! ESEB Organizers C. Le Roy K. Kozak S. Bak E. de Castro B. Nay LABEX M. Elias V. Llaurens

EMILIE SHELL RODD PLANTE/BUTTERFLIES  All the tiger butterflies, belonging to my rayed red ring Emilie shell rodd plante/butterflies

 All the tiger butterflies, belonging to my orange ring

 All the tiger butterflies, belonging to my postman ring