Wisconsin Future of the Family Commission June 28, 2016 Ron Haskins - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Wisconsin Future of the Family Commission

June 28, 2016 Ron Haskins Cabot Family Chair and Co-Director, Center on Children and Families Brookings Institution Washington, DC

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Changes in Women’s Family Structure at Age 35, 1970-2010

78.1 68.7 59.3 57.0 51.1 9.3 14.2 15.0 16.3 20.5 7.0 10.2 15.8 17.4 18.6 5.7 6.9 9.9 9.2 9.7 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 1970 1980 1990 2000 2010 Percent of Women Year Married without children Single without children Single with children Married with children

Source: Author's calculations from the decennial census (U.S. Bureau of the Census 1970, 1980, 1990, 2000) and the American Community Survey (U.S. Bureau of the Census 2010)

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Employment-to-Population Ratio for Selected Populations, 1980-2013

72.0 64.4 39.9 59.4 47.7 53.2 60.9 49.6 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 1980 1983 1986 1989 1992 1995 1998 2001 2004 2007 2010 2013 Employment-Population Ratio (Percent) Year All Men Never- Married Mothers All Women Black Men, Ages 20-24

Source: Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the CPS, 1980-2013.

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Median Family I ncome of Adults Age 30-39 by Education Level, 1964-2014

$119,714 $89,261 $57,550 $49,642 $32,171 $0 $20,000 $40,000 $60,000 $80,000 $100,000 $120,000 $140,000 1964 1969 1974 1979 1984 1989 1994 1999 2004 2009 2014 Median Family Income Year Advanced degree Bachelor's degree Some college High school degree Less than high school

Source: Census' Annual Social and Economic Supplement to the Current Population Survey. Inflation adjusted using PCE deflator. Note: The CPS changed the phrasing of the educational attainment question in 1992, which accounts for that year's sudden drop among the less-than-high-school group.

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Summary

Trends in family composition, employment, and education are moving in the wrong direction for reducing poverty and increasing economic mobility

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Best Bet # 1: The Most Successful Way to Reduce Poverty: Combine Work and Work Supports

48% 38% 34% 29% 24% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 1987 1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 Poverty Rate Year

Earned Income Only Plus Cash benefits outside the tax system (UI, child support, SSI, AFDC, TANF, GA) i.e. "the official poverty rate" Plus Food Stamps/SNAP Plus EITC & ACTC, less FICA & federal & state income taxes Plus Stimulus/recovery payments & income from other houshold members Note: Abbreviations are as follows: Unemployment Insurance (UI), Supplemental Security Income (SSI), Aid to Families with Dependent Children (AFDC), Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF), Government Assistance (GA), Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP), Earned Income Tax Credit (EITC), Additional Child Tax Credit (ACTC), and Federal Insurance Contributions Act (FICA). Source: Thomas Gabe, Congressional Research Service, Welfare, Work, and Poverty Status of Female-Headed Families with Children: 1987-2013.

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Best Bet # 2: Family Stability (Birth Control)

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Potential Benefits of Reducing Unplanned Pregnancies

• Reduced poverty rates
• Lower abortion rates
• Better spacing of babies
• Increased likelihood of prenatal care
• Less postpartum depression
• Reduced partner separation rates
• More education for mothers
• Cost savings for government

Source: National Campaign to Prevent Teen and Unplanned Pregnancy, 2014.

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St Louis: The CHOI CE Project

Women using LARCs or shots had lowest unintended pregnancy rates after 1, 2, and 3 years

Source: http://www.choiceproject.wustl.edu/~/media/Files/ChoiceProject/Study-Findings-20120917.ashx.

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Best Bet # 3: Skilled Employment

• 4-year colleges (college prep programs)
• 2-year colleges
• Apprenticeships
• Certificates & Licenses
• Career Academies
• Goal: Prepare kids for skilled jobs available in

the local economy

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Best Bet # 4: Early Childhood Education

• Programs:
• Home Visiting
• Head Start
• State pre-K
• Child Care
• Spending about $25 billion per year (federal & state)
• Quality Is the Key
• State and Local Governments Have to Step Up