WIND ROSES FOR TeX DOCUMENTS Alan Wetmore alan.wetmore@gmail.com - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
WIND ROSES FOR TeX DOCUMENTS Alan Wetmore alan.wetmore@gmail.com 1 Thursday, October 24, 13 1 OUTLINE Wind and wind data Wind roses Using TikZ to draw Setting the geometry Building the charts Still to do
Alan Wetmore
アラン・ウェットモア alan.wetmore@gmail.com
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1 Thursday, October 24, 13
Wind and wind data Wind roses Using TikZ to draw Setting the geometry Building the charts Still to do
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Wind is a vector quantity Magnitude (speed) and Direction (direction wind comes from) When speed is zero; there is no direction BUT; we also have the case when the speed is non-zero and direction is “Variable”
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Sources: WMO; World Meteorological Organization NCDC; National Climate Data Center; Ashville, North Carolina Formats METAR; METeorological Aerodrome Report Formal text format (147 columns) for “Hourly”
Direction 27--29; Speed 31--33; Gusts 35--37
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SURFACE HOURLY ABBREVIATED FORMAT ONE HEADER RECORD FOLLOWED BY DATA RECORDS: COLUMN DATA DESCRIPTION 01-06 USAF = AIR FORCE CATALOG STATION NUMBER 08-12 WBAN = NCDC WBAN NUMBER 14-25 YR--MODAHRMN = YEAR-MONTH-DAY-HOUR-MINUTE IN GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT) 27-29 DIR = WIND DIRECTION IN COMPASS DEGREES, 990 = VARIABLE, REPORTED AS '***' WHEN AIR IS CALM (SPD WILL THEN BE 000) 31-37 SPD & GUS = WIND SPEED & GUST IN MILES PER HOUR 39-41 CLG = CLOUD CEILING--LOWEST OPAQUE LAYER WITH 5/8 OR GREATER COVERAGE, IN HUNDREDS OF FEET, 722 = UNLIMITED 43-45 SKC = SKY COVER -- CLR-CLEAR, SCT-SCATTERED-1/8 TO 4/8, BKN-BROKEN-5/8 TO 7/8, OVC-OVERCAST, OBS-OBSCURED, POB-PARTIAL OBSCURATION 47-47 L = LOW CLOUD TYPE, SEE BELOW 49-49 M = MIDDLE CLOUD TYPE, SEE BELOW 51-51 H = HIGH CLOUD TYPE, SEE BELOW 53-56 VSB = VISIBILITY IN STATUTE MILES TO NEAREST TENTH NOTE: FOR SOME STATIONS, VISIBILITY IS REPORTED ONLY UP TO A MAXIMUM OF 7 OR 10 MILES IN METAR OBSERVATIONS, BUT TO HIGHER VALUES IN SYNOPTIC OBSERVATIONS, WHICH CAUSES THE VALUES TO FLUCTUATE FROM ONE DATA RECORD TO THE NEXT. ALSO, VALUES ORIGINALLY REPORTED AS '10' MAY APPEAR AS '10.1' DUE TO DATA BEING ARCHIVED IN METRIC UNITS AND CONVERTED BACK TO ENGLISH. 58-68 MW MW MW MW = MANUALLY OBSERVED PRESENT WEATHER--LISTED BELOW IN PRESENT WEATHER TABLE 70-80 AW AW AW AW = AUTO-OBSERVED PRESENT WEATHER--LISTED BELOW IN PRESENT WEATHER TABLE 82-82 W = PAST WEATHER INDICATOR, SEE BELOW 84-92 TEMP & DEWP = TEMPERATURE & DEW POINT IN FAHRENHEIT 94-99 SLP = SEA LEVEL PRESSURE IN MILLIBARS TO NEAREST TENTH 101-105 ALT = ALTIMETER SETTING IN INCHES TO NEAREST HUNDREDTH 107-112 STP = STATION PRESSURE IN MILLIBARS TO NEAREST TENTH 114-116 MAX = MAXIMUM TEMPERATURE IN FAHRENHEIT (TIME PERIOD VARIES) 118-120 MIN = MINIMUM TEMPERATURE IN FAHRENHEIT (TIME PERIOD VARIES) 122-126 PCP01 = 1-HOUR LIQUID PRECIP REPORT IN INCHES AND HUNDREDTHS -- THAT IS, THE PRECIP FOR THE PRECEDING 1 HOUR PERIOD
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SURFACE HOURLY ABBREVIATED FORMAT ONE HEADER RECORD FOLLOWED BY DATA RECORDS: COLUMN DATA DESCRIPTION 01-06 USAF = AIR FORCE CATALOG STATION NUMBER 08-12 WBAN = NCDC WBAN NUMBER 14-25 YR--MODAHRMN = YEAR-MONTH-DAY-HOUR-MINUTE IN GREENWICH MEAN TIME (GMT) 27-29 DIR = WIND DIRECTION IN COMPASS DEGREES, 990 = VARIABLE, REPORTED AS '***' WHEN AIR IS CALM (SPD WILL THEN BE 000) 31-37 SPD & GUS = WIND SPEED & GUST IN MILES PER HOUR
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USAF WBAN YR--MODAHRMN DIR SPD GUS 725090 14739 201205111200 280 14 *** 725090 14739 201205111254 300 14 24 725090 14739 201205111354 300 16 28 725090 14739 201205111454 300 14 23 725090 14739 201205111500 300 14 *** 725090 14739 201205111554 320 10 22 725090 14739 201205111654 290 18 24 725090 14739 201205111754 270 17 24 725090 14739 201205111800 270 17 *** 725090 14739 201205111854 300 21 33 725090 14739 201205111954 320 10 20 725090 14739 201205112054 *** 0 *** 725090 14739 201205112100 *** 0 *** 725090 14739 201205112154 990 6 *** 725090 14739 201205112254 100 6 *** 725090 14739 201205112354 130 8 *** 725090 14739 201205120000 130 8 *** 7
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Which direction the wind blows How often from each direction; counting the records The wind speeds in each direction; speed correlated with direction We will ignore other more sophisticated uses that deal with
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Range of wind speeds for Beaufort Scale (miles per hour) [0,1) ➤ B0 [1,4) ➤ B1 [4,7) ➤ B2 [7,11) ➤ B3 [11,17) ➤ B4 [17,22) ➤ B5 [22,28) ➤ B6 [28,34) ➤ B7 [34,41) ➤ B8 [41,48) ➤ B9 [48,55) ➤ B10 [55,64) ➤ B11 [64,...) ➤ B12 The Beaufort Scale was designed for sailors who certainly cared about wind more than most. It is originally designed measuring speeds in nautical miles per hour (knots) but can be adapted to miles per hours (mph) or meters per second (mps) Since my MET data is stored using mph; it makes sense to avoid too many conversions between units. As we prepare the statistics of our wind measurements we will group using these bins
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WindRose Boston1918
31B7<39 0.3% 25B6<31 0.3% 18B5<25 5.9% 13B4<18 14.4% 8B3<13 44.5% 4B2<8 28.4% SE S SW 1B1<4 6.3% B0<1 0.0% 0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350WindRose Boston2012
31B7<39 0.2% 25B6<31 1.2% 18B5<25 5.9% 13B4<18 22.2% 8B3<13 38.8% 4B2<8 21.5% 1B1<4 4.5% B0<1 4.7% 13v4<18 0.1% 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 8v3<13 0.2% 4v2<8 0.4% 1v1<4 0.2%the Red Sox; 8 Directions recorded twice a day (731)
directions recorded hourly (8699)
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\documentclass{standalone} \usepackage{tikz} \usetikzlibrary{calc} \begin{document} \begin{tikzpicture}[rotate=90, scale=0.35, every node/.style={scale=0.6}] \coordinate (c1) at (0,0); \draw (c1) circle(45 mm); \foreach \direction/\label in {% 0/N, 45/NE, 90/E, 135/SE, 180/S, 225/SW, 270/W, 315/NW}% {\node[fill=green!10] at ( -\direction : 45mm) {\label}; } \end{tikzpicture} \end{document}
N E S W N NE E SE S SW W NW 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350
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N E S W 72 144 216 288 60 120 180 240 300 N NE E SE S SW W NW 40 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 36 72 108 144 180 216 252 288 324 30 60 90 120 150 180 210 240 270 300 330 24 48 72 96 120 144 168 192 216 240 264 288 312 336 N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200 220 240 260 280 300 320 340 18 36 54 72 90 108 126 144 162 180 198 216 234 252 270 288 306 324 342 15 30 45 60 75 90 105 120 135 150 165 180 195 210 225 240 255 270 285 300 315 330 345 12 24 36 48 60 72 84 96 108 120 132 144 156 168 180 192 204 216 228 240 252 264 276 288 300 312 324 336 348 N N by E NNE NE by N NE NE by E ENE E by N E E by S ESE SE by E SE SE by S SSE S by E S S by W SSW SW by S SW SW by W WSW W by S W W by N WNW NW by W NW NW by N NNW N by W 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 9 18 27 36 45 54 63 72 81 90 99 108 117 126 135 144 153 162 171 180 189 198 207 216 225 234 243 252 261 270 279 288 297 306 315 324 333 342 351 8 16 24 32 40 48 56 64 72 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160 168 176 184 192 200 208 216 224 232 240 248 256 264 272 280 288 296 304 312 320 328 336 344 352 6 12 18 24 30 36 42 48 54 60 66 72 78 84 90 96 102 108 114 120 126 132 138 144 150 156 162 168 174 180 186 192 198 204 210 216 222 228 234 240 246 252 258 264 270 276 282 288 294 300 306 312 318 324 330 336 342 348 354 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 100 105 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145 150 155 160 165 170 175 180 185 190 195 200 205 210 215 220 225 230 235 240 245 250 255 260 265 270 275 280 285 290 295 300 305 310 315 320 325 330 335 340 345 350 355 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 104 108 112 116 120 124 128 132 136 140 144 148 152 156 160 164 168 172 176 180 184 188 192 196 200 204 208 212 216 220 224 228 232 236 240 244 248 252 256 260 264 268 272 276 280 284 288 292 296 300 304 308 312 316 320 324 328 332 336 340 344 348 352 35615 Thursday, October 24, 13
\begin{tikzpicture}[scale=0.5] \coordinate (c1) at (0,0); \draw[fill=blue!50] % Calm winds ( (c1) + (0:25mm) ) arc (0:360:25mm); \draw[fill=green!60] % South winds; slow % initial=247.5, final=292.5 ( (c1) + (247.5:25mm) ) arc (247.5:292.5:25mm)
( (c1) + (292.5:50mm) ) arc (292.5:247.5:50mm)
\draw[fill=yellow!80] % South winds faster ( (c1) + (247.5:50mm) ) arc (247.5:292.5:50mm)
\draw[fill=yellow!80] % North winds faster % initial=22.5, final=112.5 ( (c1) + (67.5:25mm) ) arc (67.5:112.5:25mm)
\foreach \pcent in {10,20,...,100}{ \draw (0,0) circle (\pcent mm); % Label radii \draw (0,\pcent mm) node[left,fill=white] {\pcent};} \end{tikzpicture}
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\begin{tikzpicture}[rotate=90, scale=0.55] % center c1 \coordinate (c1) at (0,0); \draw[fill=blue!50] % radius=25mm, initial=0, final=360 %([shift={(0:3mm)}]c1) arc (0:90:3mm) ($(c1) + (0:25mm)$) arc (0:360:25mm); \draw[fill=green!60] % initial=247.5, final=292.5 ! That’s West! ($(c1) + (247.5:25mm)$) arc (247.5:292.5:25mm)
($(c1) + (292.5:50mm)$) arc (292.5:247.5:50mm)
\draw[fill=yellow!80]Notice that the angles are centered on 270 ($(c1) + (247.5:50mm)$) arc (247.5:292.5:50mm)
($(c1) + (292.5:75mm)$) arc (292.5:247.5:75mm)
\foreach \pcent in {10,20,...,100}{ %\draw (c1) arc[radius = \pcent mm, start angle= 0, end angle= 0] \draw (c1) circle (\pcent mm); \draw (\pcent mm, 0) node[left,fill=green!20] {\pcent};} \draw (c1) circle(100 mm); \foreach \direction/\label in {% 0/N, 45/NE, 90/E, 135/SE, 180/S, 225/SW, 270/W, 315/NW}% {\node[fill=green!10] at ( -\direction : 100mm) {\label}; } \end{tikzpicture}
N NE E SE S SW W NW 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
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8 Directions Three wind speed bins
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Rings ( % ) Central Beaufort Zero 36 Wind Directions Beaufort One 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5
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\pgfmathsetmacro{\MaxRad}{0.5} \pgfmathsetmacro{\HalfAngle}{5} \begin{tikzpicture}[rotate=90, scale=50.5] \coordinate (c1) at (0,0); % center c1 \def\Bzero_N{0.16} \draw[fill=blue!50] % Beaufort Zero ($(c1) + (0:\Bzero_N mm)$) arc (0:360:\Bzero_N mm); \draw (c1) circle(\MaxRad mm); \pgfmathsetmacro{\lastradius}{\Bzero_N} % Beaufort 1 \def\BiN{0.30} \def\BiNi{0.31} \def\BiNii{0.27} \def\BiNiii{0.26} \def\BiNiv{0.32} \def\BiNv{0.28} \def\BiNvi{0.29} \def\BiNvii{0.22} \def\BiNviii{0.38} \def\BiNix{0.31} \def\BiNx{0.30} \def\BiNxi{0.24} \def\BiNxii{0.32} \def\BiNxiii{0.30} \def\BiNxiv{0.40} \def\BiNxv{0.34} \def\BiNxvi{0.29} \def\BiNxvii{0.28} \def\BiNxviii{0.27} \def\BiNxix{0.29} \def\BiNxx{0.28} \def\BiNxxi{0.44} \def\BiNxxii{0.28} \def\BiNxxiii{0.23} \def\BiNxxiv{0.25} \def\BiNxxv{0.23} \def\BiNxxvi{0.21} \def\BiNxxvii{0.19} \def\BiNxxviii{0.22} \def\BiNxxix{0.23} \def\BiNxxx{0.24} \def\BiNxxxi{0.21} \def\BiNxxxii{0.23} \def\BiNxxxiii{0.30} \def\BiNxxxiv{0.32} \def\BiNxxxv{0.32} \def\BiNxxxvi{0.29} \foreach \direction/\thisradius in { 0/\BiN, 10/\BiNi, 20/\BiNii, 30/\BiNiii, 40/\BiNiv, 50/\BiNv, 60/\BiNvi, 70/\BiNvii, 80/\BiNviii, 90/\BiNix, 100/\BiNx, 110/\BiNxi, 120/\BiNxii, 130/\BiNxiii, 140/\BiNxiv, 150/\BiNxv, 160/\BiNxvi, 170/\BiNxvii, 180/\BiNxviii, 190/\BiNxix, 200/\BiNxx, 210/\BiNxxi, 220/\BiNxxii, 230/\BiNxxiii, 240/\BiNxxiv, 250/\BiNxxv, 260/\BiNxxvi, 270/\BiNxxvii, 280/\BiNxxviii, 290/\BiNxxix, 300/\BiNxxx, 310/\BiNxxxi, 320/\BiNxxxii, 330/\BiNxxxiii,340/\BiNxxxiv, 350/\BiNxxxv}{% \draw[fill=green!60] $(c1) + (-\direction-\HalfAngle:\lastradius mm)$) arc (-\direction -\HalfAngle: -\direction +\HalfAngle:\lastradius mm)
($(c1) + (-\direction +\HalfAngle:\thisradius mm)$) arc (-\direction +\HalfAngle:-\direction -\HalfAngle:\thisradius mm)
\foreach \pcent in {0.1,0.2,0.3,0.4,0.5}{ %Draw the percent rings, labels \draw [color=darkgray] (c1) circle (\pcent mm); \draw (\pcent mm, 0) node[left,fill=green!20] {\pcent}; } %end foreach \end{tikzpicture}
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0.25 0.5 0.75 1.0 1.25 1.5
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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 0.25% 0.5% 0.75% 1.0% 1.25% 1.5% 1.75%
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\foreach \direction in {% %\foreach \direction/\label in {% 0,10,...,350}{% % 0/N, 45/NE, 90/E, 135/SE, 180/S, 225/SW, 270/W, 315/NW}{% \draw[rotate=-\direction,color=lightgray] (0,0.5mm) -- (0,\MaxRad mm); \node[fill=green!10] at ( -\direction : \MaxRad mm) {\direction ${}^\circ$}; % \node[fill=green!10] at ( -\direction : \MaxRad mm) {\label}; } %Draw the percent rings and label \foreach \pcent in {0.25,0.5,0.75,1.0,1.25,1.5,1.75}{ \draw [color=darkgray] (c1) circle (\pcent mm); \draw (\pcent mm, 0) node[left,fill=green!20] {\pcent \%};} \end{tikzpicture} 22
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Degree labels Second Ring of winds Radial Direction lines
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 0.25% 0.5% 0.75% 1.0% 1.25% 1.5% 1.75%
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% Beaufort 2 \def\BiiN{0.80} \def\BiiNi{0.76} \def\BiiNii{0.70} \def\BiiNiii{0.59} \def\BiiNiv{0.81} \def\BiiNv{0.72} \def\BiiNvi{0.63} \def\BiiNvii{0.74} \def\BiiNviii{1.15} \def\BiiNix{0.94} \def\BiiNx{0.72} \def\BiiNxi{0.69} \def\BiiNxii{0.96} \def\BiiNxiii{1.08} \def\BiiNxiv{1.13} \def\BiiNxv{0.91} \def\BiiNxvi{0.71} \def\BiiNxvii{0.81} \def\BiiNxviii{1.20} \def\BiiNxix{1.52} \def\BiiNxx{1.51} \def\BiiNxxi{1.46} \def\BiiNxxii{1.18} \def\BiiNxxiii{1.06} \def\BiiNxxiv{0.72} \def\BiiNxxv{0.65} \def\BiiNxxvi{0.61} \def\BiiNxxvii{0.55} \def\BiiNxxviii{0.78} \def\BiiNxxix{0.77} \def\BiiNxxx{0.91} \def\BiiNxxxi{0.57} \def\BiiNxxxii{0.65} \def\BiiNxxxiii{0.74} \def\BiiNxxxiv{0.95} \def\BiiNxxxv{0.94} \foreach \direction/\thisradius\lastradius in {% 0/\BiiN/\BiN, 10/\BiiNi/\BiNi, 20/\BiiNi/\BiNii, 30/\BiiNiii/\BiNiii, 40/\BiiNiv/\BiNiv, 50/\BiiNv/\BiNv, 60/\BiiNvi/\BiNvi, 70/\BiiNvii/\BiNvii, 80/\BiiNviii/\BiNviii, 90/\BiiNix/\BiNix, 100/\BiiNx/\BiNx, 110/\BiiNxi/\BiNxi, 120/\BiiNxii/\BiNxii, 130/\BiiNxiii/\BiNxiii, 140/\BiiNxiv/\BiNxiv, 150/\BiiNxv/\BiNxv, 160/\BiiNxvi/\BiNxvi, 170/\BiiNxvii/\BiNxvii, 180/\BiiNxviii/\BiNxviii, 190/\BiiNxix/\BiNxix, 200/\BiiNxx/\BiNxx, 210/\BiiNxxi/\BiNxxi, 220/\BiiNxxii/\BiNxxii, 230/\BiiNxxiii/\BiNxxiii, 240/\BiiNxxiv/\BiNxxiv, 250/\BiiNxxv/\BiNxxv, 260/\BiiNxxvi/\BiNxxvi, 270/\BiiNxxvii/\BiNxxvii, 280/\BiiNxxviii/\BiNxxviii, 290/\BiiNxxix/\BiNxxix, 300/\BiiNxxx/\BiNxxx, 310/\BiiNxxxi/\BiNxxxi, 320/\BiiNxxxii/\BiNxxxii, 330/\BiiNxxxiii/\BiNxxx, 340/\BiiNxxxiv/\BiNxxxiv, 350/\BiiNxxxv/\BiNxxxv}{% \draw[fill=blue!40]
($(c1) + (-\direction-\HalfAngle:\lastradius mm)$) arc (-\direction -\HalfAngle: -\direction +\HalfAngle:\lastradius mm)
($(c1) + (-\direction +\HalfAngle:\thisradius mm)$) arc (-\direction +\HalfAngle:-\direction -\HalfAngle:\thisradius mm)
}
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Adding Beaufort 3, 4, 5, and 6 will be just like adding Beaufort 2 We added the variable winds that were coded as 990 (the red dot in the center)
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 0.25% 0.5% 0.75% 1.0% 1.25% 1.5% 1.75%
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\def\Bzero_N{0.03} \draw[fill=red!50] % Variable winds 990 ($(c1) + (0:\Bzero_N mm)$) arc (0:360:\Bzero_N mm); \pgfmathsetmacro{\minlastradius}{\Bzero_N} \def\Bzero_N{0.16} \draw[fill=blue!40] ($(c1) + (0:\minlastradius mm)$) arc (0:360:\minlastradius mm)
($(c1) + (360:\Bzero_N mm)$) arc (360:0:\Bzero_N mm)
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Here is the data from 2012 in Boston Need some better colors Still need a legend or key
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 240 250 260 270 280 290 300 310 320 330 340 350 0.5% 1.0% 1.5% 2% 2.5% 3% 3.5% 4% 4.5% 5% 5.5%
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We are almost complete. We have our wind statistics reasonably displayed on a polar plot; everything is in the “right” order But; the scale; rings, and arcs are obscured; let’s draw them last!
N NE E SE S SW W NW 5 10 15 20 25
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N NE E SE S SW W NW 5 10 15 20 25 N NE E SE S SW W NW 5 10 15 20 25
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Still to do We need a legend Generalize a bit more; reusable macros Is it robust? How can we break it? Automate data ingest csvsimple ?
N NE E SE S SW W NW 5 10 15 20 25
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