Why is it a Techy Disease? In normal physiology, glucose metabolism - - PDF document

why is it a techy disease
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Why is it a Techy Disease? In normal physiology, glucose metabolism - - PDF document

4/18/2013 Why is it a Techy Disease? In normal physiology, glucose metabolism is exquisitely controlled; Type 1 Diabetes: A Techy Disease Blood Glucose (BG) has a tight range BG levels are sensed continuously Saleh Adi, MD Instantaneous


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Type 1 Diabetes: A Techy Disease

Saleh Adi, MD Director, Madison Clinic for Pediatric Diabetes UCSF

Why is it a Techy Disease?

In normal physiology, glucose metabolism is exquisitely controlled;

– Blood Glucose (BG) has a tight range – BG levels are sensed continuously – Instantaneous response in the β‐cells – Almost immediate and quick effect of insulin – Short lived effect

We’re not even close

  • We check BG every few hours
  • We deliver insulin every few hours
  • Insulin action is still too slow
  • Deliver insulin in subcutaneous space

(it takes a while to reach circulation)

What makes insulin rapid vs long? Time to circulation Custom Designed Insulins

Lispro Regular

A‐chain B‐chain

Reversed to create Lispro

Custom insulins

  • Rapid

– Lispro – Aspart – Glulisine

  • Long acting (slow)

– Glargine – Detemir

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Rapid insulins are not fast enough

  • We secrete insulin as we begin to think

about food

  • Some foods are faster than others
  • Some foods last longer than others

Long insulin is too long!

Long acting insulins provide one steady state

MN 6am Noon 6pm MN

Basal insulin

Body’s requirements are not same all day

MN 6am Noon 6pm MN

Insulin pumps

  • Use only rapid insulin
  • Variable rate of infusion to meet basal needs
  • Different dosing schemes at different time of

day

  • Sophisticated calculators for insulin dosing
  • Reliable and easy to use

Insulin Pumps

  • Exact basal rates
  • Temporary basal rates
  • Precise dosing
  • Extended dosing for fatty meals

MN 6am Noon 6pm MN

Insulin pump

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Insulin pump More Insulin Pumps Insulin pump Pod Pump Insulin pump Old Diabetes Logs

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4/18/2013 4 Continuous Glucose Monitor (CGM)

Pump and sensor (CGM)

A: pump B: infusion set C: sensor D: transmitter

Pump and CGM download Old Diabetes Logs Pump and CGM download Implantable Pump

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Artificial Pancreas

Artificial Pancreas Command Center

Connected Meters The App Era The App Era

– Logging blood sugar – Guessing carb content in foods – Tracking blood sugar trend after eating at certain places – Social networking – Motivational apps – Tracking activity – Etc…