What is Science Doing? What is Science Doing? Studying populations - - PDF document

AGING: KEEPING YOUR MORTALITY AT BAY

Richard E Ya Deau M.D. FACS, FACHE (HON)

Eros and Tithonus

Studying populations without either cancer or

• diabetes. But:

These genetic predeterminants also produce profound dwarfism! Ecuadoreans with “Laron Syndrome” will inform us about both the genetics of these problems and the need for caution to avoid unintended consequences.

What is Science Doing?

Valter Longo, University of Southern California Online journal “Science Translational Medicine” February 17,2011

The search for proteins that improve memory led to one “IGF-II” which improves “declarative memory.” When blocked, memory was destroyed.

What is Science Doing?

Cristina Alberini Mount Sinai School of Medicine Nature, January 2011

An Immune Aid for Aging or “Increasing health span versus lifespan”

What is Science Doing?

Edward Goetzi University of California, San Francisco. Clinical Immunology, January 2011 Edward Goetzi University of California, San Francisco. Clinical Immunology, January 2011

Lenalidomide:

• Increases T cells and their ability to migrate.

(IL-2 and IFN-gamma a cytokine)

• The levels of the active cytokines in treated

adults equals those of young adults Lenalidomide:

• Increases T cells and their ability to migrate.

(IL-2 and IFN-gamma a cytokine)

• The levels of the active cytokines in treated

adults equals those of young adults Combining DRN markers and DNA specific medications to systematically removing aged (senescent) cells in mice. These drugs cause these bio-marked cells to “commit suicide”.

What is Science Doing?

Jan van Deursen Mayo Clinic, November 3, 2011. Jan van Deursen Mayo Clinic, November 3, 2011.

Arrests aging, extends life, extends “youth”. e.g. no cataracts, increased muscle mass and strength, maintains subcutaneous tissue. Arrests aging, extends life, extends “youth”. e.g. no cataracts, increased muscle mass and strength, maintains subcutaneous tissue.

Sustaining Adult Stem Cells in a youthful state. Allowing them to repair human tissues after injury. Repairs DNA damage e.g. diabetes, heart attacks. “Reverses the process of human adult stem cell’s aging in tissue culture.”

What is Science Doing?

Victoria Lunyak Buck Institute for Research on Aging. Victoria Lunyak Buck Institute for Research on Aging.

Planariam flat worm: Limitless ability to regenerate, replacing aged or injured tissue. Indefinitely growing new muscles, skin, guts even brains.

Proceedings of the national Academy of Sciences, 2012 DOI:10.1073/pnas.1118885109

The cost of sequencing is now on par with diagnostic tests that analyze just a few genes. For those suspected of having inherited disorders, it now makes economic sense to sequence the entire genome rather than just suspect genes. "Even if these highly predictive and actionable [variations] are considered rare" collectively, "everyone is at risk and should be just as willing to spend on this as on fire insurance and other unlikely contingencies." George Church, geneticist at Harvard

Genetics alone cannot project how long you will live.

The key is “Epigenetics”: the science of what you do with your life and how it effects the genetic expression

• f the genes you were born with.

Diet and Exercise

• Together they attenuate the loss of lean

body mass and bone mineral density.

• Ameliorates frailty more then either

modality alone.

• A program of weight loss and exercise

provides the greatest improvement in physical function.

Dennis T. Villareal M.D. Washington University of Medicine, St. Louis NEJM 2011:364:1218-29

Foods linked to Longevity

• High Fiber Diets:

Whole Grains and Beans Nuts and fruits Vegetables

• High Fiber equals: 30 grams male, 20 female

e.g. Reduces cardiovascular disease, infections, respiratory disease and decreases death rate 22% over 9 years

388,000 people in the NIH-AARP diet and health study Archives of Internal Medicine, June 14 2011

Low-Glycemic Index Diets

Age-related Macular Degeneration (AMD) linked to diets with high glycemic indexes.

Tufts “Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging”.

Over-weight individuals on low-glycemic index diets showed improvement in co-morbidities.

A Low-Glycemic Load Diet Reduces Serum C-Reactive Protein and Modestly Increases Adiponectin in Overweight and Obese Adults.

• J. Nutr. 2012 142: 2 369-374

The Association between Carbohydrates and Cancer

The frequency of”. Cancer decreases in people on low carbohydrate diets. The frequency of metastasis and the aggressiveness of metastasis decreases on low carbohydrate diets.

Is there a role for carbohydrate restriction in the treatment and prevention of cancer 2/10/2012 – Neut Metab 8 (75) @miomed central ltd

Mediterranean Diet

• High in mono-saturated fats, whole grains, fruit,

vegetables and fish (low on animal fat)

• 50 studies with 500,000 patients
• Reduced waist circumference, blood pressure,

blood sugar, triglycerides and increased HDL

• The Nurses Health Study, Harvard Medical

School supports these findings in US Populations

Elizabeth Jackson M.D. University of Michigan, at Ann Arbor March 7, online Journal of the American College of Cardiology

Whole Diet Changes & Alzheimer’s

Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, Ms Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Archives of Neurology, on line June 2011

Healthy People: Diet low in saturated fat and simple carbohydrates decreases Alzheimer’s biomarkers in cerebral spinal fluid. Requires wholesale diet changes. Works either on risk factors (weight, B/P, lipids)

• r on Alzheimer’s gene expression.

Whole Diet Changes & Alzheimer’s

Jennifer L. Bayer-Carter, Ms Veterans Affairs Puget Sound Health Care Archives of Neurology, on line June 2011

People with aMCI: (Amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment) Improved visual-recall memory tests. Did not change cerebral spinal fluid markers. The differences suggest that dietary changes are not as effective in the late stages of aMCI.

Exercise may Negate Genetic Risk for Alzheimer’s

"Exercise engagement as a moderator of the effects of APOE genotype on amyloid deposition" Arch Neurol 2012; DOI: 10.1001/archneurol.2011.845.

52 APOE έ carriers were scanned for amyloid plaques in the brain:

• Sedentary carriers showed significant

plaque

• Exercisers showed no more plaque

than the brains of 111 non-carriers. Genetic risk in select circumstances appears to respond favorably to lifestyle factors

Exercise

“Exercise training increases the size of the hippocampus and improves memory” Kirk Erickson et al., Salk Institute, San Diego Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences , February 2011

Modest aerobic exercise reverses normal brain shrinkage and neuro-cognitive decline. In controls, a 1-2% per year shrinkage in the hippocampal volume, but for those with exercise a gain of 2%. (Hippocampal volume relates to memory) Targretin Reverses Alzheimer’s Symptoms in Mice

• Drug developed and approved for T-Cell

Lymphoma.

• Restores memory in 72 hours in mice.
• It was successful in removing amyloid

plaque in the brain.

• It has a good safety and side-effect profile.

Paige E. Cramer et al. Case Western Reserve Sc. of Medicine 2/12/12 Science,DOI:10.1126/science.1217697

Health Behaviors Study: 10 year study of 20,000 people, age 45-79

Results: all + factors with all – factors:  74 year olds = the life expectancy of a 60 y.o. Measures:  Non-smoker  Moderate alcohol use (1-7 glass/wine/week)  5 or more servings fruit & vegetables/day  Exercise

Professor K. T. Khaw, University of Cambridge Published on line “Public Library of Sciencemedicine”, January 14, 2008

#1. Weight #2. Diet #3. Exercise #4. Never Stop Learning Bottom line

Learning causes structural changes in brain cells. The brain area enhanced is specific to the task. Tasks become “hard wired” in the brain, tasks being recalled even after some time. Structural change is necessary to learn different tasks; math or language modify different unique areas of the brain.

Never Stop Learning

“Structural Plasticity…motor learning in the adult brain” Mark H. Tusunski M.D. PhD. University of California, San Diego Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, January 21, 2011

Self identified Liberals tend to have a larger anterior cingulate cortex. This results in a greater ability to cope with conflicting information. Self identified Conservatives have a larger

• amygdala. This results in a greater ability to

recognize threat. “It is very unlikely that political orientation is directly encoded into these brain regions.”

Never Stop Learning

“Political Orientations Are Correlated with Brain Structure in Young Adults” Ryota Kanai et al, University College of London Current Biology, April 7 2011, on-line addition

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• The fastest growing segment of our population

is the very old. Expect 6 million centenarians by 2050.

• All economic premises of aging are null.
• The meaning of age has become elusive.
• Age-appropriate behavior has little meaning
• Death has disappeared in a sea of “boomers”

who exercise, diet and opt for plastic surgery.

• The fastest growing segment of our population

is the very old. Expect 6 million centenarians by 2050.

• All economic premises of aging are null.
• The meaning of age has become elusive.
• Age-appropriate behavior has little meaning
• Death has disappeared in a sea of “boomers”

who exercise, diet and opt for plastic surgery.

The consequences of Aging

A shark that stops moving dies. (Woody Allen) All options remain open from youth to old age. The multi-tiered society was destroyed by the danger of seniors being marginalized by age in the very youth culture they created. Age disappears in direct proportion to the vitality of your ideas.

The consequences of Aging

Retirement isn’t an appealing proposition unless life after work is busier and better than before. Genes don’t make us ageless, socialization does, and authority cedes dominance to a digital culture. All of this is inherent in extending the health-span, not the life-span of those who are aging.

The consequences of Aging

Live Long, Stay Healthy www.guardian.co.uk, The Observer, Sunday May 1 2011

The Dalai Lama

When asked what surprised him most about humanity he answered “Man. Because he sacrifices his health in order to make money. Then he sacrifices his money to recuperate his

• health. And then he is so anxious about the

future that he does not enjoy the present; the result being that he does not live in the present

• r the future; he lives as he is never going to

die and then dies having never really lived.”

Transferring the responsibility for successful aging to each and every member of society may be the best cost-saving strategy health care will uncover.

Eat Chocolate