What is Letters and Sounds? A phonics resource published by the - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

What is Letters and Sounds?

• A phonics resource published by the Department for Education and

Skills.

• Develops children's speaking and listening skills
• Prepare children for learning to read by developing their phonic

knowledge and skills.

• Starts at the age of five.
• Aims for children to become fluent readers by age seven.

Work Shops 10 minutes

Jolly Phonics Actions Kelly – YR Teacher

• Excerpt from a Jolly Phonics Video.
• Kinaesthetic ways to learn.
• Hand out to take away and practise at home.

Letters and sounds. Clare – Inclusion Leader

• The phases – how long are they and in which years are

they taught?

• Which phonemes are taught in which phase?
• The KS1 Phonics test.

Segmenting and Blending

Ruth – specialist TA

• How to segment.
• How to blend.
• What makes a ‘tricky word’ tricky?

Phase Phonic Knowledge and Skills Phase One

(Nursery/Reception)

Activities are divided into seven aspects, including environmental sounds, instrumental sounds, body sounds, rhythm and rhyme, alliteration, voice sounds and finally

• ral blending and segmenting.

Phase Two (Reception) up to 6 weeks Learning 19 letters of the alphabet and one sound for each. Blending sounds together to make words. Segmenting words into their separate sounds. Beginning to read simple captions. Phase Three (Reception) up to 12 weeks The remaining 7 letters of the alphabet, one sound for

• each. Graphemes such as ch, oo, th representing the

remaining phonemes not covered by single letters. Reading captions, sentences and questions. On completion of this phase, children will have learnt the "simple code", i.e. one grapheme for each phoneme in the English language.

Phase Phonic Knowledge and Skills Phase Four (Reception) 4 to 6 weeks No new grapheme-phoneme correspondences are taught in this phase. Children learn to blend and segment longer words with adjacent consonants, e.g. swim, clap, jump. Phase Five (Throughout Year 1) Now we move on to the "complex code". Children learn more graphemes for the phonemes which they already know, plus different ways of pronouncing the graphemes they already know. Phase Six (Throughout Year 2 and beyond) Working on spelling, including prefixes and suffixes,

Set 1: s, a, t, p Set 2: i, n, m, d four new letters. sound out new words, as they are learned e.g. an, in, nip, pan, pin, tin, tan, nap Set 3: g, o, c, k four new letters, 28 new decodable including kid, kit, Kim, Ken four high frequency words Set 4: ck, e, u, r four new graphemes,

• with 36 new decodable words
• two syllables words
• two "tricky words": the and to

Set 5: h, b, f, ff, l, ll, ss

• introduces seven graphemes (three of which are doubled letters)
• 69 new decodable words e.g. lap, let, leg, lot, lit, bell, fill, doll, tell, sell, Bill,

Nell, dull, laptop

• "tricky" words: no, go and I.

Phase 2

Phase 3

Set 6: j, v, w, x Set 7: y, z, zz, qu Consonant digraphs: ch, sh, th, ng Vowel digraphs: ai, ee, igh, oa, oo, ar, or, ur, ow, oi, ear, air, ure, er Tricky words During Phase 3, the following tricky words (which can't yet be decoded) are introduced: he she we me be was you they all are my her

Phase 5

Glossary

• Phoneme - The smallest unit of sound. There are approximately 44 phonemes in

English (it depends on different accents). Phonemes can be put together to make words.

• Grapheme - A way of writing down a phoneme. Graphemes can be made up from 1

letter e.g. p, 2 letters e.g. sh, 3 letters e.g. tch or 4 letters e.g ough.

• GPC - This is short for Grapheme Phoneme Correspondence. Knowing a GPC means

being able to match a phoneme to a grapheme and vice versa.

• Digraph - A grapheme containing two letters that makes just one sound (phoneme).
• Trigraph - A grapheme containing three letters that makes just one sound (phoneme).
• Oral Blending - This involves hearing phonemes and being able to merge them

together to make a word. Children need to develop this skill before they will be able to blend written words.

• Blending- This involves looking at a written word, looking at each grapheme and using

knowledge of GPCs to work out which phoneme each grapheme represents and then merging these phonemes together to make a word. This is the basis of reading.

• Oral Segmenting - This is the act hearing a whole word and then splitting it up into

the phonemes that make it. Children need to develop this skill before they will be able to segment words to spell them.

• Segmenting - This involves hearing a word, splitting it up into the phonemes that make

it, using knowledge of GPCs to work out which graphemes represent those phonemes and then writing those graphemes down in the right order. This is the basis of spelling.

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