What is economy? Economic Organization January 30 Different ways - - PDF document

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Jun 11, 2023 225 likes •276 views

What is economy? Economic Organization January 30 Different ways of producing, distributing and consuming resources How you get stuff Mode of Production: (Eric Wolf) Wolfs typology of MOP a set of relations through which

SLIDE 1

1 Economic Organization January 30

How you get stuff

What is “economy”?

Different ways of producing, distributing

and consuming resources

Mode of Production: (Eric Wolf)

“a set of relations through which labor is

deployed to wrest energy from nature by the means of tools, skills,

rganization and knowledge.”

Wolf’s typology of MOP

Kin-based Tributary Market-Capital

In the beginning… (ca. 10,000 BC) 97%!

Foraging,

hunting+gathering

Foragers

Take energy from nature directly Simple, human-fashioned tools Cannot store surpluses Few personal possessions Highly mobile Inhabit marginal lands

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2 Cultivation and Domestication

Horticulture Agriculture Pastoralism

Horticulture (aka gardening)

Extensive rather than Intensive Slash and Burn (swidden, shifting) Rain-fed No additional fertilizers

Agriculture

Intensive as well as extensive More control over nature Use of domesticated animals (power,

fertilizer)

Harnessing of water (irrigation, terracing) Permanently situated Storable surplus

Pastoralism

Range animals Relatively large expanses Seasonal mobility Diet supplemented by foraging

SLIDE 3

3 Industrialization

Machines make

tools

Complex societies Variety of specialists Labor of one person

insufficient for survival

Distribution -- Karl Polyani (1944)

Reciprocity Redistribution Market-Capital (supply and demand)

Market- Capitalist Market- Capitalist Redistribution Tributary Reciprocity Kin-based POLYANI – Modes of EXCHANGE WOLF – MODES of PRODUCTION

Forms of Reciprocity

Generalized Balanced Negative

Redistribution

Through some centralized authority At a centralized place With a ritual Largely voluntary

Redistributive or Generalized Reciprocity?

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4 Where have all the jobs gone?

And what does that have to do with:

– Kinship – You – Your approach to this class

Why you resist this class (Fordism)

Quiz 3

Name the 3 modes of production. Name the 3 modes of exchange. T/F Michigan’s economy has bearing on