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WELCOME

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

MODERATOR

Moderated by Brian Anderson, LPC, CSAC Reston Behavioral Health Outpatient Program Manager Fairfax-Falls Church CBS #SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

AGENDA

• Welcome
• Housekeeping
• History and Partnerships
• Introductions
• Presentation
• Mental Health Stigma in Black Communities:

Shifting the Narrative

• Panel Discussion
• Q&A
• Closing Remarks

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

HOUSEKEEPING

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#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

HISTORY

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

PARTNERS

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

INTRODUCTIONS

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

PANELISTS

Otis Williams III, Ph.D. Chair and Associate Professor

• Dept. of Counseling

Bowie State University Randl Dent, Ph.D. Health Equity Scholar Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity George Washington University #SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

PRESENTATION

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

MENTAL HEALTH STIGMA IN THE BLACK COMMUNITY

Randl Dent, Ph.D. Health Equity Scholar Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity George Washington University #SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

Ment ntal H Heal alth h St Stigm igma in Black C Communit munitie ies: s: Shif Shifting t g the he Nar arrative

Rand ndl D Dent, P , PhD A Safe S e Space t e to Dig D Deep ep: M : Ment ntal H Health and W Wellnes ess i in t the B Black C Communit unity June 3 30, 2 2020

Agenda a

What is mental health stigma? What can mental health stigma look like in Black communities? Where did mental health stigma come from? How does stigma impact our ability to get needed mental health care? How can we combat stigma? Ending Affirmation

When n we say menta ntal health th stigma, a, what at do do we me mean?

■ Ment ental al Heal ealth s stigm igma (M a (MH stig igma) a) is the negative reactions that people may experience after revealing they have a mental health disorder or have sought help for their mental health

– Public Stigma

■ Pr Priv ivat ate S e Stigm igma a is rooted in how people view themselves for seeking treatment or experiencing mental health issues

What at can m n mental ntal heal alth th stig igma a look k like in Black ck communitie unities?

■ “We don’t suffer from mental illness.” ■ “I’m strong enough to handle it on my own” ■ “Our ancestors have been through much worse.”

■ “Keep it inside the family”

■ “If I go to therapy, I don’t have enough faith.”

Wh Where did did sti tigma com come from

• m in

in Black k communities? es?

■ “Immu mmuni nity Hy Hypothesis” (1700s-1840s) stated that enslaved people of African descent could not experience mental illness because they did not have the “stresses of profit making” (examples: owning property or voting) ■ “Exaggerat ated R Risk H k Hypothesis” sis”- is the claim made by the 1840 census that free Black people experienced higher rates of mental illness

– Physicians were encouraged to argue that Black pe people h had mo d more a and dif different me mental al h health is issues f from W Whit ite pe peopl ple.

– Drapetom

• mania (i.e., the disease causing enslaved Africans to run away)

– Dysa saethesia ia a aethio iopic ica (i.e., a disease affecting both the mind and body and causing lethargy and lesions)

Ment ntal al H Heal alth Stig igma g grew in in Black ack com communit itie ies from

• m a

a warran anted m d mis istrust of

• f m

mental healthcare

■ Ultimately, medicine and diagnoses were weaponized against us and used to “pa “patholo logi gize ze a a human i instinct f for f freedo dom and d di dignity” ” to uphold slavery as necessary and even beneficial to Black Americans. ■ Black people have a warranted mistrust of mental and medical healthcare systems. – Tuskegee Study – Henrietta Lacks – Exploitation of Black people in early mental health institutions (i.e., asylums)

What at can m n mental ntal heal alth th stig igma a look k like in Black ck communitie unities?

■ “We e don’t n’t s suf uffer f from m ment ental al il illnes ness.” .”

– Stems from immunity hypothesis

■ “Keep

eep it it ins insid ide t e the e fam amil ily.”

– Stems from misdiagnosis and overdiagnosis historically and in the present – Meant to be protective but may not be anymore.

■ “Our ur anc ances estors h have e been een through gh m muc uch wor

• rse

se.”

– This is absolutely true, but that does not mean we don’t experience trauma from racism and

• ppression that is happening in the present-day.

What at can m n mental ntal heal alth th stig igma a look k like in Black ck communitie unities?

■ “I’m I’m s strong eno ng enough ugh t to hand andle e it it on n my

• wn.”

n.”

– We are a strong and resilient people. We know this! – “Stren ength s still n need eeds sup upport”

• - Therapy for Black Men

■ “If If I I go go to t ther erap apy, I I don’t n’t h have eno e enough ugh fa faith.”

– “I don’t believe that you can always use a spiritual antidote to a mental or emotional

• problem. I think you have to treat what is

hurting with what is necessary to get better.”

• - Bishop TD Jakes

How does s stigma a impact o pact our a ability ity t to get t neede ded m d mental ntal h heal alth th care re?

■ When Black people have concerns about mental health stigma, they de delay o

• r avoid

d treat atment ent for their mental health issues. ■ Mental l Healt lth St Stigma ma ma may y pr prevent u us f from g getting the hel elp w we e need need.

Why shoul

• uld

d we combat bat mental ntal heal alth th stigma n a narra rativ tives i in our communitie unities?

■ We, as as Blac ack p peo eople, des eser erve to live healt lthy f full li ll lives in which we are safe fe, val alued ued, and affirmed. d. ■ Taking care of ourselves and

• ur mental health is an

ESSEN ESSENTIAL part of living a healthy, full life.

How can n we shift t the narrat rrative about

• ut

mental ntal heal alth th?

In o In our ur c communities:

■ Dispel myths about mental health and therapy ■ Normalize talking about your mental health and seeking help with your loved ones ■ Talk about it as if you were talking about going to a physical wellness visit

How can n we shift t the narrat rrative about

• ut

mental ntal heal alth th?

In m mental healthcare re s syst stem ems: s:

■ Access to quality appropriate and culturally responsive mental health care ■ Building trust with Black communities ■ Community-based treatment options ■ Models of care that center Black experiences ■ Create a pipeline of training Black mental health professionals and hiring them into the field AND leadership positions.

Ending A Affirm rmation

• As a Black person, I

deserve to live a healthy, full life in which I am safe, valued and affirmed.

Questions?

■ Randl Dent, PhD ■ dentrb@mymail.vcu.edu

Refere rence nces

■ Alvidrez, J., Snowden, L. R., & Kaiser, D. M. (2008). The experience of stigma among Black mental health consumers. Journal of Health Care for the Poor and Underserved, 19(3), 874-893. ■ Alvidrez, J., Snowden, L. R., & Kaiser, D. M. (2010). Involving consumers in the development of a psychoeducational booklet about stigma for black mental health clients. Health Promotion Practice, 11(2), 249-258. ■ Baker, F. M., & Bell, C. C. (1999). Issues in the Psychiatric Treatment of African Americans. Psychiatric Services, 50, 362–368. https://doi.org/10.1176/ps.50.3.362 ■ Briggs, H. E., Briggs, A. C., Miller, K. M., & Paulson, R. I. (2011). Combating Persistent Cultural Incompetence in Mental Health Care Systems Serving African Americans. Best Practice in Mental Health, 7, 1–25. ■ Davis, K. (2018). ‘Blacks Are Immune From Mental Illness.’ Psychiatric News, 53. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.pn.2018.5a18 ■ Gara, M. A., Minsky, S., Silverstein, S. M., Miskimen, T., & Strakowski, S. M. (2019). A Naturalistic Study of Racial Disparities in Diagnoses at an Outpatient Behavioral Health Clinic. Psychiatric Services, 70, 130–134. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.201800223 ■ Hackett, J. R. (2014). Mental Health in the African American Community and the Impact of Historical Trauma : Systematic Barriers. ■ Harrell, S. P. (2000). A Multidimensional Conceptualization of Racism-Related Stress: Implications for the Well-Being of People of Color. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 70, 42–57. ■ Jackson, V. (2001). Separate and Unequal: The Legacy of Racially Segregated Psychiatric Hospitals A Cultural Competence Training Tool. https://doi.org/10.1075/clscc.6.01bus ■ Logan, S. L., Denby, R. W., & Gibson, P. A. (2007). Mental Health Care in the African-American Community. Routledge. ■ Nadeem, E., Lange, J. M., Edge, D., Fongwa, M., Belin, T., & Miranda, J. (2007). Does stigma keep poor young immigrant and US-born black and Latina women from seeking mental health care?. Psychiatric Services, 58(12), 1547-1554. ■ Williams, S.-L. L., & Cabrera-Nguyen, E. P. (2016). Impact of Lifetime Evaluated Need on Mental Health Service Use among African American Emerging Adults. Cultural Diversity and Ethnic Minority Psychology, 22, 205–214. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40945-017-0033- 9.Using

PANEL DISCUSSION

Otis Williams III, Ph.D. Chair and Associate Professor

• Dept. of Counseling

Bowie State University Randl Dent, Ph.D. Health Equity Scholar Fitzhugh Mullan Institute for Health Workforce Equity George Washington University #SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

• Q1. How does stigma

impact inequities in health outcomes in black communities compared to other races and white communities?

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

• Q2. What is the

historical and very current impact of racism on the mental health in the Black community?

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

• Q3. Discuss the

recent incidents of police brutality & violence.

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

• Q4. What can we do,

individually and collectively, to bring about meaningful and long overdue change to improve

• utcomes in the lives
• f our Black

community?

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

Q & A

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

CLOSING REMARKS

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

THANK YOU

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020

PARTNERS

#SafeSpaceDigDeep A Safe Space to Dig Deep: Mental Health and Wellness in the Black Community June 30, 2020