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Nov 18, 2022 283 likes •557 views

3/19/2020 Automatic Fire Alarm Association 2020 Webinar Series Todays Topic: Setting Fire Alarm Design Criteria Presented by Deborah Shaner, P.E. THE WEBINAR WILL BEGIN AT 1PM EDT Automatic Fire Alarm Association 1 Welcome! Your

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Automatic Fire Alarm Association

Today’s Topic: Setting Fire Alarm Design Criteria Presented by Deborah Shaner, P.E.

THE WEBINAR WILL BEGIN AT 1PM EDT

Automatic Fire Alarm Association 2020 Webinar Series

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Welcome!

  • Your microphone is automatically muted.
  • Questions?
  • Please type these in the question box of the

control panel.

  • You can enter questions at any time

throughout the presentation.

  • We will break mid-way through for questions,

as well as at the conclusion.

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Setting Fire Alarm Design Criteria

Presented by Deborah Shaner, P.E., Fire Protection Engineer, Shaner Life Safety

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Deborah Shaner, P.E.

  • Fire Protection Engineer
  • Masters from University of Maryland
  • Member of AFAA Board of Directors
  • Participation in NFPA Committees including NFPA

72, 101 Health Care & 1140

  • Specializes in the design of fire alarm systems

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DISCLAIMER

This seminar and its content is not a formal interpretation issued pursuant to NFPA regulations. Any opinion expressed is the personal opinion of the author and presenter and does not necessarily present the official position of the NFPA and its Technical Committees. Furthermore, this presentation is neither intended, nor should be relied upon, to provide professional consultation or services. Automatic Fire Alarm Association

Objectives

  • Outline the process for setting design

criteria for fire alarm systems.

  • Assist a fire alarm designer in navigating the

many available codes and standards and determining which apply.

  • Provide guidance in reviewing Construction

Documents in order to determine necessary design criteria for the fire alarm system.

  • Determine the necessary coordination with

MEP and other systems 4 5 6

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Type of Design

CONTRACT DOCUMENTS VS DESIGN BUILD

  • What is the difference?
  • How does it impact the shop drawing

process?

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Available codes and standards

  • Don’t complain about the code.
  • Be thankful that it is there and

available to you!

  • Code provides a baseline,

prescriptive requirement to provide for life safety.

  • Difference between a CODE and a

STANDARD

  • Code is what you HAVE to do
  • Standard is HOW to do it
  • NFPA 72 is not the place to start!

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Available codes and standards

Many options including….

  • ICC – IBC, IFC (CODES)
  • NFPA – 70, 72 (STANDARDS)
  • Other regulations…
  • ASME A17.1 Elevator
  • ADA Guidelines
  • Hotel brand standards
  • Federal regulations (DoD, DoE)
  • Local amendments

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What applies?

Before you can determine design criteria, you must establish what codes & standards apply. REMEMBER THE 3 As. ➢ AHJ = AUTHORITY HAVING JURISDICTION

➢ Who is the AHJ?

➢ ADOPTED DOCUMENTS

➢ What does the AHJ adopt?

➢ APPLICABLE SECTIONS

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Who is the AHJ?

NFPA definition: “an organization, office, or individual responsible for enforcing the requirements of a code or standard, or for approving equipment, materials, an installation, or a procedure.” Includes: Fire marshal, Building inspector,

  • r any other local, state, or federal

inspector having jurisdiction over your

  • facility. DOE, DOD, OSHA, JCAHO, Water

Department, Elevator Inspector…

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How to approach the AHJ?

AHJs are people too!

  • They want to be approached.
  • They want projects to be successful.
  • They want to help you.

Check the town, city, special district’s website. Call, email, schedule a meeting, just please approach your AHJ (preferably before the building is almost done). GOAL = FIND OUT WHAT THE AHJ ADOPTS

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Local Amendments

DO NOT FORGET LOCAL AMENDMENTS Examples of their impact:

  • City of Las Vegas and Clark County has a

minimum 80dB audibility requirement.

  • Denver Fire Department completely

rewrites Section 909 for high rise smoke control

  • Several towns negate the exceptions for

manual pull station omissions

  • Several cities require the FACP to be

within 10’ of the main entrance if not in an FCC

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Status check…..

At this point, we have 1) Established the AHJ 2) Determined what is Adopted What is next…… 3) Determine what is Applicable

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Finding applicable code sections

  • Don’t just start reading code cover to cover
  • Start with the IBC & IFC, specifically Section 907 (2018 IFC)
  • Most design criteria will be based on the use of the

building

USE OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATION

??Where do you find the occupancy classification?? Its in the contract documents!

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Contract Documents

Contract documents consist of….

  • Project manual/Specifications
  • Drawings – various disciplines
  • Architectural
  • Mechanical
  • Electrical
  • Plumbing
  • Civil

Construction drawings vs. Shop Drawings

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Specifications

Specifications are important. Read to find details that could hurt…..

  • Class A wiring
  • Survivability
  • Test procedures
  • Warranty info

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Finding applicable code sections

Is the building a high rise?

➢ Yes, design for high rise using IFC ➢ No, design for the occupancy classification found on the contract drawings using Section 907, IFC

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Finding the occupancy classification

  • Usually on the Code Plan or Life Safety Drawings,

sometimes labeled General in project indexes

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Life Safety Plan example..

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Life Safety Plan example….

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Occupancy Classifications

  • A = ASSEMBLY
  • A-1 = WITH FIXED SEATING; THEATERS, CONCERT HALLS
  • A-2 = FOOD/DRINK; BARS, RESTAURANTS
  • A-3 = GENERAL ASSEMBLY; CHURCH, LIBRARY,

MUSEUMS

  • A-4 = INDOOR SPORTING EVENTS
  • A-5 = OUTDOOR EVENTS
  • B = BUSINESS
  • GENERAL OFFICES & SERVICE BASED BUSINESSES
  • LENGTHY LIST IN THE OCCUPANCY DESCRIPTIONS OF

IBC

  • E = EDUCATIONAL
  • K-12

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Occupancy Classifications

  • F = FACTORY/INDUSTRIAL
  • F-1 = MODERATE HAZARD
  • F-2 = LOW HAZARD
  • H = HAZARDOUS
  • CLASSIFIED IN VARIOUS OTHER SECTIONS OF IBC &

IBC

  • I = INSTITUTUTIONAL
  • I-1 = CUSTODIAL CARE; ASSISTED LIVING
  • I-2 = MEDICAL CARE; HOSPITALS
  • I-3 = SECURED FACILITIES; PRISONS
  • I-4 = DAY PROGRAMS; ADULT DAY CARE
  • M = MERCANTILE

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Occupancy Classifications

  • R = RESIDENTIAL
  • R-1 = TRANSIENT; HOTELS
  • R-2 = PERMANENT; APARTMENTS
  • R-3 = CONGREGATE LIVING <16 UNITS
  • R-4 = SUPERVISED; HALFWAY HOUSE; TREATMENT FACILITIES
  • S = STORAGE
  • S-1 = MODERATE HAZARD
  • S-2 = LOW HAZARD
  • NO BASE IFC REQUIREMENTS FOR A LOW-RISE S OCCUPANCY
  • U = UTILITY
  • NO BASE IFC REQUIREMENTS FOR A LOW-RISE U OCCUPANCY

SECRET TIP: NO IBC, NO PROBLEM. OCCUPANCY CLASSIFICATIONS ARE REVIEWED IN THE DEFINITIONS (CHAPTER 2) OF THE IFC.

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Use Section 907……

907.2.1 Group A. 907.2.2 Group B 907.2.3 Group E. 907.2.4 Group F 907.2.5 Group H 907.2.6 Group I. 907.2.7 Group M. 907.2.8 Group R-1. 907.2.9 Group R-2.

907 of the IFC outlines fire alarm system requirements based on occupancy.

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Please send your question. There will be another question/answer session at the conclusion.

Questions?

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SECTION 907 FIRE ALARM & DETECTION SYSTEMS

907.2 is the base requirement for fire alarm systems in new buildings.

  • It references all of its subsections

(907.2.1 – 907.2.3)

  • Also references 907.5 for

notification

  • Pay attention to code structure

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907.2.1 Group A

  • Manual fire alarm system = manual pull

stations & notification

  • Need to check the occupant load
  • Return to the code study or life safety plan
  • Fire alarm designers do not assign occupant load.
  • Originates with architect under the building code

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Finding the occupant load

  • Returning to the code plan….

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Exception to 907.2.1 Group A

  • Is the building sprinklered?
  • Return to the code plan
  • Occupant notification on waterflow
  • Line on the sequence matrix
  • Pull stations can be eliminated based on

meeting criteria of exception.

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Is the building sprinklered?

  • Returning to the code plan….

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Subsection 907.2.1.1 Group A

  • A occupancies with over 1000

people require VOICE EVACUATION

  • Learn what Intelligibility is

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907.2.2 Group B

B Occupancies only require fire alarm when…..

  • Combined occupant load is 500 or more
  • More than 100 people are present in the basement or above

ground level

  • Ambulatory care is present
  • High rise building
  • By local amendment

Not all buildings require fire alarm. Sprinkler B occupancies that don’t require fire alarm will have sprinkler monitoring systems.

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907.2.3 Group E

  • Manual fire alarm = pull stations
  • 2015 IBC introduced the requirement for

VOICE EVACUATION in schools

  • READ THE EXCEPTIONS! There are many.

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907.2.3 Group E, exceptions

  • Exception #1: System not required when occupant load is 50 or

less

  • Exception #2: Voice evacuation not required when occupant

load is 100 or less, (manual fire alarm still required)

  • Pull stations can be omitted in two ways

Exception #3:

  • 1. Corridor smoke detectors
  • 2. Large assembly spaces heat or

smoke detectors

  • 3. Shops and labs have heat

detectors Exception #4:

  • 1. Fully sprinklered
  • 2. Voice evacuation activates on

sprinkler waterflow

  • 3. Pull station is provided in a

normally occupied location

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907.2.6 Group I

  • Manual fire alarm = pull stations
  • Occupant Notification = audible & visual
  • Automatic smoke detection

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Which type of I???

  • All I occupancies are not created equal
  • This occupancy has the greatest variation

between types.

  • Do not proceed until you pin down specific

classification

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907.2.6 Group I, exception #1

  • Pull stations omitted at exits if provided at

nurse stations

  • Follow the steps in the code
  • Consult reference sections

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907.2.6 Group I, exception #2

  • Introduction to PRIVATE MODE
  • Guidelines for this are in NFPA 72
  • Allows for patient rooms to be spared of

notification

  • Allows for use of chimes or coded voice signals

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907.2.6 Subsections

  • 907.2.6.1 Group I-1
  • 907.2.6.2 Group I-2
  • 907.2.6.3 Group I-3
  • Find the section for the specific I occupancy,

read through it and apply as needed

REMINDER: DON’T FORGET NFPA 101 when looking at Health Care occupancies! 40 41 42

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907.2.8 Group R-1

  • Base requirements for Group R-1
  • ccupancies
  • Smoke alarm vs. smoke detector

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907.2.8.1 Group R-1

Exception #1:

  • 1. 2 story buildings
  • 2. Units are separated

with 1-hour partitions

  • 3. Each unit has exit

directly outside Exception #2:

  • 1. Building is fully sprinklered.
  • 2. Notification on waterflow
  • 3. At least one pull station is

provided (often at FACP or Office)

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907.2.8.2 Group R-1

  • Smoke detectors in common corridors
  • Smoke alarms in units

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907.2.9 Group R-2

  • Base requirements for Group R-2
  • ccupancies
  • Same verbiage as R-1

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907.2.9 Group R-2

Exception #1: No fire alarm if….

  • 1. 2 story buildings
  • 2. Units are separated

with 1-hour partitions

  • 3. Each unit has exit

directly outside Exception #2: No pulls if…

  • 1. Building is fully

sprinklered.

  • 2. Notification on

waterflow Exception #3: No fire alarm if…

  • 1. Building doesn’t have

interior corridors

  • 2. Building is sprinklered
  • 3. Each unit has exits directly
  • utside

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907.2.9.3 College/Univ Dorms

  • Detection requirements specific to college

and university dormitory buildings. 46 47 48

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Other sections in 907.2

  • 907.2.12 High-rise buildings
  • 907.2.13 Atriums connecting more

than two stories

  • 907.2.14 High-piled combustible

storage areas

  • 907.2.19 Covered and open mall

buildings

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Other guidance provided by 907….

  • 907.3 Fire safety functions.
  • 907.4 Initiating devices
  • 907.5 Occupant notification systems
  • 907.6 Installation and monitoring
  • 907.7 Acceptance tests and completion
  • 907.8 Inspection, testing and

maintenance

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Visual Notification 907.5

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Coo Coordin inatio ion

  • Fire alarm has evolved into an integrated
  • system. We need to coordinate with….
  • Mechanical – smoke control, HVAC

shutdown, dampers

  • Plumbing – carbon monoxide detection
  • Sprinkler – monitoring, releasing
  • Elevators

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Coor Coordin inatio ion - Mec echanic ical

Learn to read mechanical schedules

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Coo Coordin inatio ion - Mec echanic ical

Consult the IMC

Note this is only a partial section

Identify fans over 2000 cfm on the mechanical schedule

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Coo Coordin inatio ion - Mec echanic ical

Locate duct detector with proper notes on the fire alarm shop drawings

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Coor Coordin inatio ion - Mec echanic ical

Check the mechanical legend & plans for dampers

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Coo Coordin inatio ion - Mec echanic ical

Identify the location of dampers on the plans

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Coo Coordin inatio ion - Mec echanic ical

Provide proper detection along with notes on the fire alarm shop drawings.

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Coor Coordin inatio ion - Mec echanic ical

Methods for controlling fire/smoke and smoke dampers are found in the…….

  • IBC. Opening protectives, Section 717.3.3.2.

Options: 1. Duct detection within 5’ of ducted damper. 2. Smoke detectors on either side of smoke barrier dampers. 3. Spot detection within 5’ of unducted damper. 4. Smoke detection in corridors for corridor dampers 5. Full coverage smoke detection

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Coordination - Plumbing

  • Carbon Monoxide Detection
  • Dictated by Section 915 IFC
  • Group E, I & R occupancies
  • Coordinate with MEP
  • Gas piping diagram
  • Mechanical schedules
  • Locate fuel burning appliances

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Coo Coordin inatio ion – CO De Detec ectio ion

Gas piping diagrams for CO detection

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Coordination – CO Detection

Locate gas burning equipment on riser and on floorplan

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Coordination – CO Detection

Add Carbon Monoxide detection with proper notes to fire alarm shop drawings.

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Coo Coordin inatio ion – Fi Fire e Spri rinkl kler

Fire Protection Systems

  • Reading sprinkler

plans

  • Flow/Tamper locations
  • Dry zones
  • FDC - WP A/V

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Coor Coordin inatio ion – Fire e Sprin prinkle ler

Identify locations of waterflow and tamper switches

  • n fire sprinkler plans.

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Coo Coordin inatio ion – Fi Fire e Spri rinkl kler

Add modules to supervise sprinkler waterflow and tamper switches to fire alarm plans.

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Coo Coordin inatio ion – Elevator

To properly conduct elevator coordination, follow these steps:

  • 1. Ask GC for information on elevator
  • Is it hydraulic or traction?
  • Are the belts rated?

2. Consult sprinkler plans to determine if sprinklers are provided in pit, hoistway and equipment room.

  • Fire alarm will follow sprinklers.

3. Consult NFPA 72, NFPA 13, Elevator codes, local amendments for requirements. 4. Download and watch our Elevator Coordination webinar for details.

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Coor Coordin inatio ion – Elevator

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Still have questions?

The power of the RFI

RFI = request for information

(really f!@%^$# important) Fire alarm is often at the bottom of the food chain on a construction team but gets attention during inspection.

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Sample RFI?

In order to comply with Section 915

  • f the IFC, carbon monoxide

detection is required at all fuel burning appliances. Provide a list and location of all fuel burning appliances.

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Finally…..NFPA 72!

  • NFPA 72 is NOT the

place to start

  • NFPA 72 is a standard
  • NFPA 72 tells you HOW

to do what you have now established you HAVE to do

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Summary

  • Establishing code requirements is important
  • Fire alarm is not a “cookie cutter” system
  • Communication is of utmost importance
  • A poor code basis WILL lead to a BAD job
  • NFPA 72 is NOT the place to start
  • ASK QUESTIONS OF YOUR AHJ

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Questions

Deborah Shaner, P.E. Fire Protection Engineer Shaner Life Safety dshaner@shanerlifesafety.com

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Certificate of Attendance

AFAA Members that attended today may request a certificate of attendance, at no cost. If you are not a member and would like to request a certificate, there is a $50 fee. To request your certificate use the following link: www.afaa.org/webinar-form

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AFAA Member Reminders

  • A PDF version of this presentation will be

available on the AFAA website.

  • A recorded version will also be available for

viewing at your convenience.

(Please allow 7 to 10 days for these items to be available)

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AFAA Membership

  • Free CEUs on webinars
  • Discounted training
  • Access to technical expertise
  • Annual meeting
  • Discounted forms

JOIN TODAY AT AFAA.ORG

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Thank you for attending! Do you have suggestions for a future webinar topic? Are you interested in sponsoring a webinar? If so, please let us know: training @afaa.org / (844) 438-2322

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