WEEE recycling: key aspects in reducing the carbon footprint and providing access to scarce resources"
Umicore Group Umicore Precious Metals Refining E-scrap: The recycling chain Challenges for Latin America Recommendations Conclusion Umicore image library
Material technology company with focus on clean technologies Global presence: 14,400 people in 80 industrial sites worldwide Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Key megatrends for Umicore More stringent emission control Resource scarcity More stringent emission control Renewable energy Electrification of the automobile Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Umicore fit with megatrends We are a leading producer of key materials for Electrification of rechargeable batteries for laptops, mobile phones the automobile as well as electrified vehicles Resource We are the largest recycler of precious metals; we are able to recycle more than 20 different metals scarcity More stringent We provide catalysts for 1 out of 3 cars in the world as well as for trucks & non-road vehicles emission control We supply key innovative materials for high- Renewable efficiency solar cells and other photovoltaic energy applications Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Umicore’s structure 6 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Umicore and sustainability On January 23rd 2013, Umicore has been ranked as the most sustainable company in the “ Global 100 Most Sustainable Corporations in the World” index. The index, based on many variables, is published annually since 2005 by Corporate Knights, an independent media and investment research company based in Toronto, Canada. Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Exploring Umicore Precious Metals Refining Excellence in recycling
UPMR: the leading precious metals recycler unique & innovative technology excellent services to an international customer basis wide range of complex precious metals bearing materials efficient recovery of 17 different metals applying world class environmental standards Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Our core business Raw materials supply Sampling & Assaying Smelting & Refining Metals sales Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Raw Materials Supply Each year UPMR processes around 350,000 tonnes of more than 200 different types of raw materials containing lead / copper / nickel & precious metals.
Types of raw materials By-products Recyclable products Others Spent By-products Spent Precious metal Electronic Industrial from non- Automotive bearing raw Scrap Catalysts ferrous industry Catalysts materials Industrial e.g. drosses from catalysts from oil e.g. fuel cells, lead smelters, end-of-life e.g. printed circuit refining & photographic car catalysts slimes from copper boards petrochemical residues industry,… industry Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
E-scrap: The Recycling Chain
E-waste, what are we talking about ? Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
E- waste: something to ‘deal’ with COLLECTION & SORTING DISMANTLING & SORTING Printed circuit Steel scrap Cable scrap Plastic scrap ALU scrap CRT, LCD Others boards 15 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
E- waste: something to ‘deal’ with Printed circuit Cable scrap Steel scrap Plastic scrap ALU scrap Others CRT, LCD boards, cell phones LARGE DIVERSITY OF FRACTIONS … THAT EACH REQUIRE TREATMENT BY SPECIALIZED COMPANIES IT E-WASTE IS THE MOST HUNTED FOR Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Booming product sales & increasing functionality drive demand for (technology) metals Statistic Latin America cell phone User’s Million units Annual global sales of mobile phones 2000 Souce: Teleco 2012 (www.teleco.com.br) Source: after Gartner statistics (www.gartner.com) forecast 1800 1600 1º Brazil 262 million 1400 Accumulated global sales until 2010 1200 ~ 10 Billion units 2º México 101 million 1000 800 3º Argentina 59 million 600 400 470 Smart 4º Colombia 49 million 200 Phones 300 170 0 5º Venezuela 29 million 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Recent boom in demand for most technology metals Mine production since 1980 / since 1900 % mined in 1900-1980 100% 90% % mined in 1900-1980 80% 70% 60% % mined in 1980-2010 50% 40% % mined in 1980-2010 30% 20% 10% 0% Re Ga In Ru Pd Rh Ir REE Si Pt Ta Li Se Ni Co Ge Cu Bi Ag Au REE = Rare Earth Elements 18 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Low loadings per unit, but volume counts Example: Metal use in electronics Global sales, 2011 a+b) Urban mine a) Mobile phones b) PCs & laptops Mine production / share 1800 million units/ year 365 Million units/year ► ≈ 1000 mg Ag ≈ Ag: 23 500 t/a 3% X125 mgAg 225 t Ag X 365 t Ag ► X 25 mg Au ≈ X 200 mg Au ≈ Au: 2 800 t/a 4% 45 t Au 73 t Au ► 16% 4 mg Pd ≈ 80 mg Pd ≈ Pd: 230 t/a X 7 t Pd X 29 t Pd ► g Cu ≈ 16,000 t Cu X~ 500 g Cu ≈ 183,000 t Cu Cu: 16 Mt/a 1% X 9 1800 million Li-Ion batteries ► 20% Co: 98,000 t/a ~190 million Li-ion batteries g Co ≈ 12 350 t Co X 3.8 g Co ≈ X 65 6800 t Co Tiny metal content per piece Significant total demand Other electronic devices add even more to these figures 19 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
and considering the CO 2 impact of primary metal production is huge … t CO 2 / t Au primary metal Pt Ru 10 000 CO2 impact of secondary Pd metal production is much ≈ lower for majority of metals 200 Ag In => incentive to stimulate recycling Sn ≈ Example: 70.000 tons of metals 10 produced by Umicore Hoboken in Co 2007 = 1 million tons of CO 2 savings vs primary metal production Cu 0 source: ecoinvent 2.0, EMPA/ETH-Zürich, 2007 Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
UPMR maximizing metal extraction from Urban mines Urban mining Primary mining 200 g/t Au, 80 g/t Pd & Cu, Sn, ~ 5 g/t Au or PGM’s in ore Sb, … in PC boards Low grade, high volume, fixed 2,000 g/t PGM in automotive location catalysts High grade, million of units, globally spread Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Reducing CO 2 emission significantly Example: Umicore Precious Metals Refining , Hoboken/Belgium (UPMR): • recovered metals 2007*: 70,000 t • total CO 2 impact of UPMR in 2007*: 0.27 Mt • total CO 2 impact primary production**: 1.3 Mt ► CO 2 saving potential recycling*: 1.0 Mt *from treatment of 300,000 t of recyclables & smelter by-products. Output: 1000 t Ag, 30 t Au, 37 t PGM, 65 000 t Cu/Pb/Ni, 3500 t Sn/Se/Te/In/Sb/Bi/As **if these metals would have come from primary production, calculated with ecoinvent 2.0: the unavoidable “black box approach” of the UPMR calculation mixes the CO 2 impacts of very low grade materials (e.g. slags, flue dusts) with richer ones from recycling of consumer goods (e.g. circuit boards, catalysts) ► for recycling of electronics the CO 2 benefit compared to mining is even higher! Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Modern electronics make use of ~ 50% of elements from periodic table => a big consumer of natural resources Mobile phone composition mobile phone substance (Quelle Nokia) • Precious & special metals → „technology metals“, crucial for functionality • Key components: circuit boards, batteries, LCD screens Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
E-waste: structure of recycling chain typical numbers of participants (for industrial countries) Magnitude of losses in materials and value some 1.000 Collection (local) Entire EOL-devices Sorting/dismantling/component picking Not collected some 100 (local) Stripped equipment & components Mainly locally Some 10 Mechanical preprocessing Landfill, incineration (partly international) or other losses Circuit boards & highly complex materials Lost in sidestreams Complex metals ≈ 5 globally and wrong fractions Mainly refining (e.g. Au in Al-fraction) (3 in Europe) globally Transfer in slags or other sidestreams Large scale metallurgical & chemical technologies Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Recycling chain Example: 10% x 90% x 80% x 95% = 7% *effective recovery rate for e.g. Au, Cu etc. from EOL-streams Recycled Dis- Pre- Materials WEEE Collection metals mantling processing recovery reuse Separated components & fractions Handling of final waste Total efficiency is determined by the weakest step Consider the entire chain & its interdependencies Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
How does the recycling chain often look like in reality in some countries? photo: EMPA/CH Or a gold recycling efficiency of: 95 % x 50 % x 25 % = 12 %* backyard recycling ► “low tech” − High losses, few metals recovered only dramatic environment & health impacts foto: EMPA/CH − Typical for most Asian - African countries – LATIN AMERICAN COUNTRIES? * Illustrative figures Christian Hagelüken – Closing the Loop, 2.10. 2013
Recommend
More recommend
