Weather Unit Weather 101 Video from National Geographic 3:19 - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Weather Unit Weather 101 Video from National Geographic 3:19 Weather Vocabulary 1. Atmosphere the blanket of air surrounding earth 2. Troposphere the layer of air closest to earths surface 3. Air pressure the weight of the
Weather 101 Video from National Geographic 3:19
Weather Vocabulary
down on Earth
changes in temperature
from the same direction
earth’s surface into the atmosphere and back again (evaporation and precipitation)
snow, or hail
humidity throughout
period of time
wind
large body of water
landmass
Weather vs Climate
Weather ▶ varies from day to day and seasonally throughout the year ▶ the condition of the atmosphere at a given place and time Climate ▶ long term and location sensitive ▶ range of a region’s weather over one year or many years ▶ Depends on latitude and geography, it varies from place to place
BIOTIC CYCLES
▶ living parts of the
environment
▶ energy chain & food chain
▪
Producers
▪
Carnivores
▪
Omnivores
▪
Decomposers
ABIOTIC CYCLES
▶ nonliving parts of the
environment
▶ photosynthesis, nitrogen
cycle, & water cycle
▪
Sunlight
▪
Temperature
▪
Precipitation
▪
Water or Humidity
▪
Land
I t ’ s t h e d r i v i n g f
c e f
l i f e ! ! !
You know this one! What are the parts of the water cycle?
REMEMBER: transpiration is part of the water cycle!
Water Cycle - Blazer Fresh | Science Video | GoNoodle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM-59ljA4Bs
day, including wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, temperature and air pressure.
What factors interact to cause weather?
▶ Heat energy, air pressure, winds, and
moisture
▶ Almost all the Earth’s energy comes from
radiant energy (the sun).
▶ The atmosphere helps warm the Earth by
absorbing, storing, and recycling the sun’s radiant energy.
BrainPop Atmosphere 2:52 Introduction to Our Atmosphere 5:23 The Structure of Our Atmosphere video 5:05
What is the relationship between density and air pressure?
Brainpop Weather Studyjams - Air pressure and winds
➢ Density: ▪ Denser air has more MASS than less dense air ▪ Denser air exerts more air pressure against the earth’s surface than less dense air ➢ Air Pressure: ▪ Air pressure depends on the density of air (greater the density, greater the air pressure) ▪ Affected by 3 factors: Temperature, Water vapor, Elevation
CRASH COURSE FOR KIDS: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-G0YkfgdbA
Remember: Water molecules are less dense than air So moist air exerts less air pressure than drier air.
air to sink
water droplets
Location is everything!
Warm location
▶
high temperatures
▶
moist air
▶
lower air pressure
▶
less dense air
Cold location
▶
low temperatures
▶
dryer air
▶
higher air pressure
▶
more dense air
High elevation
▶
low temperatures
▶
air is thinner
▶
lower air pressure
▶
less dense air
How does air move?
ADD THESE NOTES ON WIND:
How is wind created? An air mass at Earth's surface that moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure creates wind. What is the primary cause of wind? the uneven heating of the Earth
Local Winds
▶ Local winds are caused by a difference in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere ▶ The name of the wind tells you the direction from which the wind came from ▶ Local winds blow from any direction & cover a short distance (like Sea Breeze and Land Breeze)
What are the different types of local winds?
1.
Sea Breeze
▪ Blows from the sea to the land ▪ During the day ▪ Warm air over the land rises ▪ Cooler air over the sea moves inland land breeze and sea breeze videos Brainpop - Wind 2. Land Breeze ▪ Blows from the land to the sea “off-shore breeze” ▪ At night ▪ Warm air over the sea rises ▪ Cooler air over the land moves out to sea
hemispheres have different (and sometimes opposite) seasonal weather patterns.
What Causes Climate?
Climate is determined by: temperature and precipitation
What affects temperature?
3 factors that affect temperature
equator
temperature decreases
What affects precipitation?
➢ Windward side - “wind side” most rain ➢ Leeward side – “rain shadow” little rain
Marine and Continental climates
✓
near an ocean or other large body
✓
More precipitation
✓
Temperatures don’t vary greatly (warm summers and mild winters)
✓
located within a large landmass
✓
Drier climate
✓
Temperatures vary greatly (hot summers and cold winters)
3 Climate Zones
➢ Coldest temperatures (below 0⁰) artic climate ➢ No summer, little precipitation
➢ Where we live! ➢ moderate temperature and rainfall ➢ cool rain forests to hot rain forests, inland deserts
3.
Tropical Zone (0°-30°)
➢ Highest temperatures ➢ high humidity & precipitation, no winter
(clouds and fronts) that are associated with predictable weather patterns.
HOW ARE CLOUDS FORMED?
1) air rises then evaporation and transpiration occurs 2) temperatures and air pressure drop, water droplets clump together causing condensation or a cloud
▶ When the droplets are too heavy to float in the air they fall to
the ground in 4 forms:
➢ rain, sleet, snow, or hail
Discovery Ed Clouds 23:46
❑ Cirrus – high level, wispy ❑ Cumulus - mid-level, puffy ❑ Stratus - low level, layers ❑ Vertical – top to bottom,
stormy
▶ Predicts fair to pleasant weather ▶ High altitude and wispy ▶ Composed of ice crystals
▶ Predicts Light mist or drizzle ▶ grayish clouds, covers the entire sky ▶ like fog that doesn't reach the ground
▶ Predicts nice weather are
called "fair-weather clouds"
▶ puffy clouds, cotton balls or
popcorn
▶ Contains ice crystals or rain ▶ can turn into thunderstorm
clouds called….
lightning, heavy rains, hail, strong winds, and tornados. tallest of all clouds anvil shaped top due to the stronger winds at those altitudes.
Four Types of Fronts
Cold Front Warm Front Occluded Front Stationary Front
cold air replaces warmer air
WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlWzIY48VZ4 1:00
warm air replaces colder air
WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxzvaVluTjY 1:00
a cold front overtakes a warm front
WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mfm8H8asRa4 1:00
When either a cold or warm front stops moving
either being a cold or warm front
WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgPbsAK39hw 1:30
5.E.1.2 Predict upcoming weather events from weather data collected through observation and measurements.
in order to predict the likelihood of a particular weather condition occurring.
thermometer, barometer, anemometer, wind vane, and rain gauge.
▶ Thermometer – measures temperature ▶ Wind Vane – direction of the wind ▶ Anemometer- wind speed ▶ Barometer – air pressure ▶ Rain Gauge – measures rainfall worksheet
predictions.
Predicting the Weather
Look at the map at the right & answer these questions:
1.
What is the weather like in Seattle?
2.
What type of weather is Kansas City experiencing now that a front has passed through? Detroit?
3.
You are driving from Fargo to
will you go through?
4.
Write your own question: ________________________________ ________________________________ _____________________________ Meteorologists use data from local weather
and weather stations to predict weather.
5.E.1.3 Explain how global patterns such as the jet stream and water currents influence local weather in measurable terms such as temperature, wind direction and speed, and precipitation.
influenced by global factors such as air and water currents.
What are global winds?
➢ caused by the Coriolis effect ➢ Blow from a specific direction and for long distances ▶ 3 types of global winds
Coriolis Effect
▶ Causes the winds to curve! ▶ Earth rotates west to east ▶ Winds in northern hemisphere
curve right
▶ Winds in the southern
hemisphere curve left
https://www.cnbc.com/2016/10/07/heres-why-hurricanes-spi n-counterclockwise-in-the-north.html https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ihv4f7VMeJw https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NOHaTU1X4IE
▪ 30° north & south of the equator ▪ winds headed toward equator ▪ clear sky, little rain, calm winds ▪ Early sailors used these winds to sail to the New World ▪ Doldrums - “Horse latitudes” @equator, calm, weak, or no winds
3 Types of Global Winds
▪ located 30° to 60° latitude ▪ very strong winds ▪ cool sinking wind headed towards north
& south poles
▪ located 60° to 90° latitude ▪ Cold but weak winds ▪ Travel from the east to west
▪ Temps near the poles is lower, cooler air sinks & moves to equator
Global Winds
upper atmosphere, located over North America that has a powerful influence
The jet stream flows from the west to the east and changes location depending
Jet Stream
➢ Narrow belt of strong, high
powered, high pressure air
➢ Flows west to east at high
altitudes
➢ Airplanes can use it to increase
speed and save fuel ➢ The location of the jet stream affects the path of the weather system in the US
Jet Stream Video
WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CEoehdggywM 1:30
cold air on top warm air on bottom
surface current in the Atlantic ocean that moves from south of Florida up the eastern seaboard and then across the Atlantic. It moderates weather along the eastern seaboard, warming the air and land there during the cooler months.
GULF STREAM
▶ The ocean exerts a major influence on weather and climate ▶ It absorbs and stores large energy from the sun and releases it slowly ▶ Energy is pushed through the Gulf Stream and Global Winds
CRASH COURSE FOR KIDS: CURRENTS (LAND, SEA, GLOBAL, OCEAN)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_fcXL61NZS0 5:04
Warm water warms the air above it & land areas near it ▶ How does the Gulf Stream affect the climate of the eastern US? Cold water cools the air so land areas near cold water currents have COOLER temperatures. ▶ How does the Pacific Ocean current affect the climate
WATER TEMPERATURE AFFECTS AIR TEMPERATURE!
4 Climate Zones: Continental Polar cold & dry Continental Tropical hot & dry Maritime Polar cool & moist Maritime Tropical warm & moist
How do air masses affect North Carolina?
➢ The air mass that affects the weather in the US (and NC) the most is the JET STREAM because
▶ it guides cold arctic air in the winter months ➢ The types of winds that cause weather in NC are the prevailing westerlies ▶ prevailing westerlies move air masses from WEST TO EAST across the US but can be deflected by the jet stream.
The Jet Stream Moves!
Which polar jet stream path would bring unusually warm weather to the Great Lakes region in winter?
COLD AIR W A R M A I R
➔ this extremely COLD current begins in the North Atlantic Ocean and travels south ◆ CAUSES icebergs and FOG ➔ it pushes the Gulf Stream towards Europe ◆ provides warmer waters to the coast of Europe (Great Britain) ◆ without these currents, Europe would be much, much colder!!!
Nino/La Nina. This oscillation impacts the climate of North and South America for long periods of time.
➢ means “Little Boy” or “Christ Child” in Spanish because it occurs near the Christmas season ➢ water in the Pacific Ocean gets warmer than normal, and the flow of the jet stream is disrupted ➢ occurs every 3 to 7 years ➢ periodic WARMING of water in the Pacific Ocean
Ocean Service El Nino and La Nina National Geographic El Nino
▶ means Little Girl in Spanish ▶ opposite of El Niño impacts ▶ CAUSES COOLER temperatures ▶ CAUSES decreased precipitation (El Nino - hotter & more precipitation)
form over warm ocean water and are caused by global weather patterns.
Hurricanes
➢ CAUSED BY warm water temperatures and global weather patterns ➢ gathers heat and energy through contact with warm ocean waters ➢ Hurricanes that hit the east coast of the US
▶ southeast trade winds move hurricanes toward the United States
How do hurricanes form? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZO3aJ31wzGg https://www.brainpop.com/science/weather/hurricanes/ CRASH COURSE FOR KIDS: SEVERE WEATHER https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QVZExLO0MWA 4:24