Weather Unit Weather 101 Video from National Geographic 3:19 - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Weather Unit Weather 101 Video from National Geographic 3:19

Weather Vocabulary 1. Atmosphere – the blanket of air surrounding earth 2. Troposphere – the layer of air closest to earth’s surface 3. Air pressure – the weight of the atmosphere pressing down on Earth 4. Local winds – movements of air that result from local changes in temperature 5. Prevailing winds – global winds that blow constantly from the same direction

6. Water Cycle – the process in which water continuously moves from earth’s surface into the atmosphere and back again (evaporation and precipitation) 7. Evaporation – the process of a liquid changing into a gas 8. Condensation – the process by which a gas changes into a liquid 9. Humidity – a measurement of the amount of water vapor in the air 10. Precipitation – water that falls from the atmosphere as rain, sleet, snow, or hail 11. Air mass – a large body of air that has similar temperature and humidity throughout 12. Front – the border where two air masses meet 13. Climate – the pattern of weather an area experiences over a long period of time

14. Sea breeze – flow of air from the sea to the land 15. Land breeze – flow of air from the land to the sea 16. Windward side – side of a mountain facing toward the wind 17. Leeward side – side of a mountain facing away from the wind 18. Marine climate – climate found in areas near an ocean or other large body of water 19. Continental climate – climate found in areas within a large landmass 20. Coriolis effect – shift in wind direction caused by the rotation of the Earth on its axis

Weather vs Climate Weather Climate ▶ varies from day to ▶ long term and location day and seasonally sensitive throughout the year ▶ range of a region’s ▶ the condition of weather over one year or the atmosphere at many years a given place and ▶ Depends on latitude and time geography, it varies from place to place

I. WATER CYCLE

All this brought to you I t ’ s from…the SUN! t d h r e i v i n g f o f r o BIOTIC CYCLES c ABIOTIC CYCLES r e l i f e ! ! ▶ living parts of the ! ▶ nonliving parts of the environment environment ▶ energy chain & food chain ▶ photosynthesis, nitrogen cycle, & water cycle Producers ▪ Sunlight Carnivores ▪ ▪ Temperature Omnivores ▪ ▪ Precipitation Decomposers ▪ ▪ Water or Humidity ▪ Land ▪

You know this one! What are the parts of the water cycle? REMEMBER: transpiration is part of the water cycle! • Brainpop - Water Cycle • Studyjams - The Water Cycle Water Cycle - Blazer Fresh | Science Video | GoNoodle https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KM-59ljA4Bs

II. DAILY AND SEASONAL CHANGES IN WEATHER CONDITIONS

1. Weather can change from day to day, including wind speed, wind direction, precipitation, temperature and air pressure.

What factors interact to cause weather? ▶ Heat energy, air pressure, winds, and moisture ▶ Almost all the Earth’s energy comes from radiant energy (the sun). ▶ The atmosphere helps warm the Earth by absorbing, storing, and recycling the sun’s radiant energy. BrainPop Atmosphere 2:52 Introduction to Our Atmosphere 5:23 The Structure of Our Atmosphere video 5:05

What is the relationship between density and air pressure? ➢ Density: ▪ Denser air has more MASS than less dense air ▪ Denser air exerts more air pressure against the earth’s surface than less dense air ➢ Air Pressure: ▪ Air pressure depends on the density of air (greater the density, greater the air pressure) ▪ Affected by 3 factors: Temperature, Water vapor, Elevation CRASH COURSE FOR KIDS: Brainpop Weather https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=P-G0YkfgdbA Studyjams - Air pressure and winds

Remember: Water molecules are less dense than air So moist air exerts less air pressure than drier air.

High vs. Low Pressure • High pressure causes • Air rises and forms air to sink water droplets • Clear sunny skies • rain and storms

Location is everything! Warm location Cold location High elevation high temperatures low temperatures low temperatures ▶ ▶ ▶ moist air dryer air air is thinner ▶ ▶ ▶ lower air pressure higher air pressure lower air pressure ▶ ▶ ▶ less dense air more dense air less dense air ▶ ▶ ▶

How does air move? 1. Air moves from high to low pressure areas 2. Cool air produces high air pressure 3. Hot air produces low air pressure

ADD THESE NOTES ON WIND: How is wind created? An air mass at Earth's surface that moves from an area of high pressure to an area of low pressure creates wind. What is the primary cause of wind? the uneven heating of the Earth

Local Winds ▶ Local winds are caused by a difference in air pressure due to unequal heating of the atmosphere ▶ The name of the wind tells you the direction from which the wind came from ▶ Local winds blow from any direction & cover a short distance (like Sea Breeze and Land Breeze)

What are the different types of local winds? Sea Breeze 1. ▪ Blows from the sea to the land ▪ During the day ▪ Warm air over the land rises ▪ Cooler air over the sea moves inland 2. Land Breeze ▪ Blows from the land to the sea “off-shore breeze” ▪ At night ▪ Warm air over the sea rises ▪ Cooler air over the land moves out to sea land breeze and sea breeze videos Brainpop - Wind

2. Different latitudes and hemispheres have different (and sometimes opposite) seasonal weather patterns.

What Causes Climate? Climate is determined by: temperature and precipitation

What affects temperature? 3 factors that affect temperature 1. Latitude - measure of distance from the equator 2. Elevation - as elevation increases, temperature decreases 3. Ocean currents ( Gulf Stream)

What affects precipitation? 1. Prevailing (global) winds 2. Mountain Ranges ➢ Windward side - “wind side” most rain ➢ Leeward side – “rain shadow” little rain

Marine and Continental climates 1. Marine climates near an ocean or other large body ✓ of water More precipitation ✓ Temperatures don’t vary greatly ✓ (warm summers and mild winters) 2. Continental climates located within a large landmass ✓ Drier climate ✓ Temperatures vary greatly (hot ✓ summers and cold winters)

3 Climate Zones 1. Polar Zone (60°-90°) ➢ Coldest temperatures (below 0 ⁰ ) artic climate ➢ No summer, little precipitation 2. Temperate Zone (30°-60°) ➢ Where we live! ➢ moderate temperature and rainfall ➢ cool rain forests to hot rain forests, inland deserts Tropical Zone (0°-30°) 3. ➢ Highest temperatures ➢ high humidity & precipitation, no winter

3. Identify atmospheric conditions (clouds and fronts) that are associated with predictable weather patterns.

HOW ARE CLOUDS FORMED? 1) air rises then evaporation and transpiration occurs 2) temperatures and air pressure drop, water droplets clump together causing condensation or a cloud ▶ When the droplets are too heavy to float in the air they fall to the ground in 4 forms: ➢ rain, sleet, snow, or hail • Cloud video • Brainpop clouds • Studyjams - clouds and precipitation Discovery Ed Clouds 23:46

❑ Cirrus – high level, wispy ❑ Cumulus - mid-level, puffy ❑ Stratus - low level, layers ❑ Vertical – top to bottom, stormy

CIRRUS ▶ Predicts fair to pleasant weather ▶ High altitude and wispy ▶ Composed of ice crystals

STRATUS ▶ Predicts Light mist or drizzle ▶ grayish clouds, covers the entire sky ▶ like fog that doesn't reach the ground

CUMULUS ▶ Predicts nice weather are called "fair-weather clouds" ▶ puffy clouds, cotton balls or popcorn ▶ Contains ice crystals or rain ▶ can turn into thunderstorm clouds called….

VERTICAL CLOUDS (cumulonimbus) lightning, heavy rains, hail, strong winds, and tornados. tallest of all clouds anvil shaped top due to the stronger winds at those altitudes.

Four Types of Fronts Cold Front Warm Front Occluded Front Stationary Front

1. COLD FRONT cold air replaces warmer air • What weather follows? storms then fair cool weather • In U.S., cold fronts usually move from NW to SE WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OlWzIY48VZ4 1:00

2. WARM FRONT warm air replaces colder air • What weather follows? Rain, hot temps, humidity • In U.S., warm fronts usually move from SW to NE WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mxzvaVluTjY 1:00

3. OCCLUDED FRONT a cold front overtakes a warm front • What weather follows? usually causes storms • In U.S., the colder air usually lies to the west WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Mfm8H8asRa4 1:00

4. STATIONARY FRONT When either a cold or warm front stops moving • What weather follows? Rains for many days • When the front starts moving again it returns to either being a cold or warm front WEATHER GUY: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PgPbsAK39hw 1:30

III. PREDICTING WEATHER 5.E.1.2 Predict upcoming weather events from weather data collected through observation and measurements.

1. We collect and compare weather data in order to predict the likelihood of a particular weather condition occurring.