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Wave function in 2+1 dimensional causal dynamical triangulation - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Wave function in 2+1 dimensional causal dynamical triangulation JGRG22 (2012 11.12) Takayuki HIKICHI (Nagoya Univ.) collaborator Yasusada NAMBU (Nagoya Univ.) Hiromi SAIDA (Daido Univ) 2012 11 12 Contents 3D Quantum


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Wave function in 2+1 dimensional causal dynamical triangulation

JGRG22 (2012 11.12) Takayuki HIKICHI (Nagoya Univ.) collaborator Yasusada NAMBU (Nagoya Univ.) Hiromi SAIDA (Daido Univ)

2012年11月12日月曜日

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Contents

3D Quantum Gravity defined by CDT (Causal dynamical triangulation) We consider space-time with a spatial boundary. We measure the dynamics of spatial volume and whether spatial geometry is homogeneous.

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Path integral and Wave function

trajectory(quantum mechanics) →metric(quantum gravity)

metric of a spatial boundary

path integral representation of a wave function

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The ground state wave function is given by a path integral over all compact Euclidean geometries which have a boundary. Hartle&Hawking(1983)

Euclidean path integral Wick rotation

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→ a discrete regularization method for gravitational path integral The space-time is discretized by simplices.

Advantage ・functional integral finite summation ・avoid conformal divergence

Causal dynamical triangulation

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Discretization of Lorentzian space-time & Wick rotation in CDT

t+1 t

・ ・ ・ ・ ・ ・

discretized 3D Lorentzian space-time squared length of space-like links squared length of time-like links Wick rotation (We choose )

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正曲率(5枚) 平坦(6枚) 負曲率(8枚)

Curvature of discretized space-time

positive(5) flat(6) negative(8)

coordination number (number of simplices around a hinge(2d vertex, 3d link) ) curvature flat space coordination number 6(2d), 5.104...(3d)

  • e. g. 2D

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Wave function in CDT

discretized wave function sum over all discretized space-time

gravitational constant cosmological constant coupling constant of a boundary term total number of vertices total number of simplices total number of triangles on a boundary

Definition of boundary term in 3d DT: S. Warner, S. Catterall, R. Renken, Phase diagram of three- dimensional dynamical triangulations with a boundary, Phys. Lett. B 442 (1998) 266–272, hep-lat/9808006.

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Simulation set-up

・topology ・pure gravity ・fix volume of the spatial boundary ・fix space-time volume for technical reason ・We set ・We set gravitational constant We perform Markov chain Monte Carlo simulation.

spatial slice

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Results

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Typical configuration

time spacial volume

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Spatial volume dynamics

In DT classical space-time didn’t emerge. In CDT the averaged spacial volume at Euclidean time can be described by de Sitter instanton.

constant

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de Sitter measured value standard deviation time boundary

14 16 18 20 22 100 200 300 400 500 600

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de Sitter measured value standard deviation

time boundary

de Sitter measured value standard deviation

time boundary

12 14 16 18 20 22 100 200 300 400

17 18 19 20 21 22 200 400 600 800 1000

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Homogeneity of spacial slice

coordination number(local curvature) number of hinges which have same curvature 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40

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Homogeneity of spacial slice

coordination number(local curvature) number of hinges which have same curvature

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 25 30 10 20 30 40 50 60

number of hinges which have same curvature coordination number(local curvature)

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Summary

・CDT is a discrete regularization method for gravitational path integral. ・The emergent space-time in corresponds to de Sitter instanon and the spatial slices are homogenous.

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Typical configuration

time spacial volume

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Homogeneity of space-time

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 15 20 curvature 2000 4000 6000 8000 number

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