Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking: Current Solutions, Challenges, and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking: Current Solutions, Challenges, and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking: Current Solutions, Challenges, and Future Applications Stephanie Beard smbeard@ncsu.edu Introduction Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking (VANET) Sub-category of Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (MANET) Self-organizing

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Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking: Current Solutions, Challenges, and Future Applications

Stephanie Beard smbeard@ncsu.edu

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Introduction

  • Vehicular Ad-hoc Networking (VANET)
  • Sub-category of Mobile Ad-hoc Networking (MANET)
  • Self-organizing
  • Dynamically changing
  • No centralized infrastructure
  • Provide
  • Position, velocity, and acceleration
  • Support Intelligent Transportation System (ITS)
  • Path Prediction
  • Driver Awareness
  • Traffic Management
  • Road Conditions

Hartenstein, Hannes, and Kenneth Laberteaux. VANETs Vehicular Applications and Inter-networking Technologies. Chichester, West Sussex, U.K.: Wiley, 2009. Print.

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Current Telematics

http://www.eetimes.com/document.asp?doc_id=1305894

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Possible VANET Architecture

  • Precursor to the smart car
  • Method to provide safety and generic messages to

drivers

Bedi, P.; Jindal, V., "Use of Big Data technology in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks," in Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI, 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1677-1683, 24-27 Sept. 2014 doi: 10.1109/ICACCI.2014.6968352

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Purpose of Communications: ITS

Bedi, P.; Jindal, V., "Use of Big Data technology in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks," in Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI, 2014 International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1677-1683, 24-27 Sept. 2014 doi: 10.1109/ICACCI.2014.6968352

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The Standard

  • Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE)
  • Network → Application Layer
  • IEEE 802.11p
  • Physical → Data Link Layer
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How is VANET Implemented?

Spectrum: Protocol:

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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IEEE 802.11p: Physical Layer

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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IEEE 802.11p: Physical Layer

  • Spectrum: 5.850 - 5.925 GHz
  • 75 MHz Bandwidth
  • 7 Channels: 10 MHz each
  • 1 Control Channel (Ch. 178)
  • 2 Reserved (Ch. 172 & 184)
  • 4 Generic Message (Ch. 174, 176, 180, & 182)

Weigle, Michele. Standards: WAVE / DSRC / 802.11p. Cvt-project. Old Dominion University, 2008. Web. 25 Sept. 2015. <http://www. cvt-project.ir/Admin/Files/eventAttachments/109.pdf>.

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IEEE 802.11p: Physical Layer

802.11a 802.11p Bandwidth 20 MHz 10 MHz Multiplexing OFDM OFDM Spectrum 5 GHz 5.9 GHz Data Rates 6-54 Mbps 3-27 Mbps Mobility No Yes Distance ~30 m 100-300 m

Chong Han; Dianati, M.; Tafazolli, R.; Kernchen, R.; Xuemin Shen, "Analytical Study of the IEEE 802.11p MAC Sublayer in Vehicular Networks," in Intelligent Transportation Systems, IEEE Transactions on , vol.13, no.2, pp.873-886, June 2012 doi: 10.1109/TITS.2012.2183366 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=6155605

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IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer, MAC

  • Must Provide:
  • Congestion Control
  • Packet Collision
  • Message Priority
  • Low Latency
  • High throughput
  • High reliability
  • ~802.11e Enhanced distributed channel access (EDCA)
  • QoS priority
  • Collision Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance

(CSMA/CA)

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IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer, LLC

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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IEEE 802.11p: Data Link Layer, LLC

  • ~IEEE 802.2
  • TX data between devices on a common network by

determining the method to multiplex various network protocols in a frame of data

IEEE 802.2 LLC Frame Format with SNAP Byte 1 2 3 4 5 7 8 9- Name DSAP SSAP Control OUI EtherType Payload Data 0xAA 0xAA 0x03 0x00 0x00 0x00 0x86DD IPv6 0x88DD WSMP

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WAVE: Network Layer, IPv6

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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Putting it all together: IPv6 Traffic

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WAVE: Network Layer, WAVE Short Message Protocol (WSMP)

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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Putting it all together: WAVE Traffic

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WAVE--WSMP Continued

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WAVE--WSMP Continued

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WSMP: Provider Service Identifier (PSID)

  • PSID
  • Used to ID the higher layer application
  • Usually Roadside units
  • Registered by organization that determines type of WAVE

message

  • Provider: device that TX a WAVE service message
  • Device can exchange data on 1+ service channels
  • User: device that RX a WAVE service message
  • Optional to TX
  • WAVE service message: information on traffic, road

conditions, etc.

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WAVE--WSMP Continued

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WSMP: WAVE header extensions

  • Optional
  • Channel #
  • Data Rate
  • TX Power
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WAVE--WSMP Continued

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WSMP: WAVE Element ID

  • IDs type of WSM that follows
  • Examples of types of Wave Short Messages
  • Service Information
  • Channel Information
  • WAVE routing advertisement
  • 2D Location
  • 3D Location and confidence
  • Channel Access
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WAVE--WSMP Continued

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WAVE--WSMP Continued

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WAVE Management Entity (WME)

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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WME

  • Manages requests to and from WAVE devices
  • Determines:
  • Channel Access
  • Provides Service Messages
  • Verifies advertised services
  • Time-slot information
  • IPv6 network configurations
  • Controls:
  • TX Power
  • Data Rate
  • Priority
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WAVE Security

IEEE Standard for Wireless Access in Vehicular Environments (WAVE) - Networking Services," in IEEE Std 1609.3-2010 (Revision of IEEE Std 1609.3- 2007) , vol., no., pp.1-144, Dec. 30 2010 doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2010.5680697 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org.proxy1.library.jhu.edu/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=&arnumber=5680697

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Reasons For Security

  • Spoof Emergency Vehicle
  • Auto speeding tickets based off beacons
  • Financial Information
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WAVE Security

  • Not a lot of research here
  • Time critical factor
  • Reduce Handshakes
  • Reduce Complex Algorithms
  • Cars last ~10 years
  • Backwards compatible
  • Security increases overhead and time to process

messages

  • VANET only allows max of 100ms delay to process a

message

  • Security overhead must not exceed 20ms of the 100ms
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WAVE Security: PKI

  • Safety Messages TX in clear
  • Digital Signature provides authenticity
  • Toll, IP, infotainment messages Encrypted
  • PKI Hierarchy easily scalable
  • Certificate Authority = Department of Transportation
  • Vehicles crossing state lines or countries
  • US government be CA?
  • Cross Certs?
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Current Challenges to VANET

  • GPS
  • Tunnels
  • No Service areas
  • Protocol simulators
  • Human Factor
  • Market Penetration
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Parallels with Big Data

VANET Variety Various sensors on vehicle creates different types of information: GPS, acceleration, speed, steering angle Volume Processes real-time traffic data Velocity Mobile nature of vehicles connecting and disconnecting from various parts

  • f the network

Value Need to quickly process & communicate data to TX safety messages Veracity Ensure secure communications & protect drivers from malicious intent

  • 1. Bedi, P.; Jindal, V., "Use of Big Data technology in Vehicular Ad-hoc Networks," in Advances in Computing, Communications and Informatics (ICACCI, 2014

International Conference on , vol., no., pp.1677-1683, 24-27 Sept. 2014 doi: 10.1109/ICACCI.2014.6968352

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Questions?

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Other Approaches to VANET

Chandrasekaran, Gayathri. "VANETs: The Networking Platform for Future Vechicular Applications." Rutgers Department of Computer Science (n.d.): n. pag. Rutgers. Rutgers University. Web. 25 Oct. 2015. <http://www.cs.rutgers. edu/~rmartin/teaching/fall08/cs552/position-papers/006-01.pdf>.