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Using OpenStreetMap to model bicycle traffic in an agent- based transport simulation Dominik Ziemke and Simon Metzler State of the Map | Milano | 29 July 2018 Cycling Inexpensive Fast Healthy Quiet Energy-efficient

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Using OpenStreetMap to model bicycle traffic in an agent- based transport simulation

Dominik Ziemke and Simon Metzler State of the Map | Milano | 29 July 2018

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SLIDE 2

Cycling

  • Inexpensive
  • Fast
  • Healthy
  • Quiet
  • Energy-efficient
  • Less land-consuming
  • Enjoyable
  • Societal, environmental, economic, and public health

problems of motorized vehicle traffic Ø Cities promote cycling for everyday use Ø Increasingly included into plans for travel behavior change

Slide 2 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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SLIDE 3

Need for appropriate infrastructures

Slide 3 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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SLIDE 4

Need for appropriate infrastructures

Slide 4 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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SLIDE 5

Transport (Planning) Models

  • Important tool for effective planning of transport systems
  • A means to evaluate proposed policies in a structured

and systematic fashion

  • State-of-the-practice for motorized individual transport

and public transport

Slide 5 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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SLIDE 6

MATSim: Multi-Agent Transport Simulation Framework

Slide 6

  • Travelers (decision makers)

represented individually (“agents”)

  • Daily activity-travel patterns

are modeled (“plans”)

  • Implemented in Java
  • Modular and extendable
  • Open source
  • Designed for large-scale

scenarios

  • Various analysis options
  • www.matsim.org

Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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SLIDE 7

Slide 7 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018 Home (dep: 06:43) trip (car) Work (dep: 16:04) trip (car) Shopping (dep: 18:04) trip (car) Home Home (dep: 12:42) trip (bike) Shopping (dep: 14:05) trip (bike) Home

MATSim: Basics Traffic Simulation

  • Agents travel on network

Plan Scoring

  • Agents score their executed

activities and trips Replanning

  • Agents modify their plans

along various possible choice dimensions

  • Agents select a plan based
  • n a multinomial logit model
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SLIDE 8

Slide 8 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

Modeling cyclists’ behavior and choices realistically

Patna scenario created by Amit Agarwal

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SLIDE 9

Slide 9 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018 Home (dep: 06:43) trip (car) Work (dep: 16:04) trip (car) Shopping (dep: 18:04) trip (car) Home Home (dep: 12:42) trip (bike) Shopping (dep: 14:05) trip (bike) Home

Network Daily Plans

Transport Supply Transport Demand MATSim Input Data

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MATSim Input Data

Slide 10 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018 Home (dep: 06:43) trip (car) Work (dep: 16:04) trip (car) Shopping (dep: 18:04) trip (car) Home Home (dep: 12:42) trip (bike) Shopping (dep: 14:05) trip (bike) Home

Network Daily Plans

Transport Supply Transport Demand

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SLIDE 11

Network creation for MATSim

  • Parse way und node objects in study region
  • Optional: Remove ways below certain highway type
  • Create MATSim node if node at end of way or at

intersection

  • Create MATSim links connecting nodes on that way
  • Compute length
  • Process maxspeed
  • Consider oneway → MATSim network = directed

graph

  • Estimate flow capacity (based on highway type,

lanes etc.)

  • Clean up: Remove unconnected nodes and links etc.

Slide 11 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Network creation: Extension for lanes and signals

  • Poster here at SotM 2018 by Theresa Thunig

Slide 12 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Network creation: Extension for bicycle traffic

  • Focus of this talk

Slide 13 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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People are different

Slide 14 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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People are different

Slide 15 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

  • … but less so when

traveling by car Ø Minimize travel time

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How do cyclists choose their routes?

  • Travel time
  • Route length
  • Gradient
  • Comfort
  • Smoothness / Surfaces
  • Cycling infrastructure
  • Bicycle lanes
  • Bicycle tracks
  • Intersections
  • Volumes of motorized traffic
  • Parking facilities along route
  • ...

Slide 16 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Bicycles in MATSim

Slide 17 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

  • Interaction with
  • ther traffic
  • Vehicle passings

Routing:

  • Travel time
  • Distance
  • Infrastructure
  • Comfort
  • Gradient
  • Travel time
  • Distance
  • Infrastructure
  • Comfort
  • Gradient
  • Interaction

with other traffic

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Bicycles in MATSim

Slide 18 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

  • Interaction with
  • ther traffic
  • Vehicle passings

Routing:

  • Travel time
  • Distance
  • Infrastructure
  • Comfort
  • Gradient
  • Travel time
  • Distance
  • Infrastructure
  • Comfort
  • Gradient
  • Interaction

with other traffic

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INFRASTRUCTURE

Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018 Slide 19

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Cycling-relevant Data on OpenStreetMap

  • Determine cycling Infrastructure
  • Main road with a bicycle lane
  • highway=? and cycleway=lane
  • Bicycle lane on the sidewalk
  • highway=? and cycleway=track
  • A bicycle track away from roads
  • highway=cycleway
  • Further information
  • cycleway:right/left/both
  • Cyclists allowed to travel in opposite direction
  • …

Slide 20 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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COMFORT

Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018 Slide 21

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Key Smoothness n = 5722

Slide 22 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Key Surface n = 44842

Slide 23 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Street surface ≠ cycleway surface

Slide 24 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Key: Cycleway n = 9204

Slide 25 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Key: Cycleway:Smoothness n = 252

Slide 26 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Key: Cycleway:Surface n = 586

Slide 27 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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GRADIENT

Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018 Slide 28

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Gradient

  • Tag ele on OSM, but mainly intended for natural = peak
  • “…not try to be a general elevation database…” (OSM Wiki)
  • Digital elevation model (DEM)
  • Digital surface models (DSM)
  • Satellite imaging
  • Surface of earth incl. all objects on it, e.g. buildings
  • E.g. SRTM (Shuttle Radar Topography Mission)
  • Digital terrain models (DTM)
  • Photogrammetric measurement using aerial picturing and

laser scanning

  • Ground surface of the earth without objects on it

Ø Enrich MATSim network nodes with z-Coordinate

Slide 29 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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  • …

Slide 30 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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  • …

Slide 31 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Elevation Data: SRTM3

Slide 32 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Elevation Data: SRTM1

Slide 33 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Elevation Data: EU-DEM

Slide 34 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Elevation Data: LIDAR 20m

Slide 35 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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SLIDE 36

Elevation Data: LIDAR 1m

Slide 36 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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OTHER INFORMATION ON OSM

Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018 Slide 37

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Monitoring Station

Slide 38 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Key: Parking

Slide 39 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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Conclusion

  • OSM very useful resource for transport modeling
  • Tagging system specific enough for high-resolution

bicycle transport modeling

  • Some cycling-relevant tags not so frequently used
  • MATSim transport simulation is open source
  • Check out www.matsim.org and run a small bicycle

example: www.matsim.org/extensions → Bicycle → RunBicycleExample

Slide 40 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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References

  • Network creation for MATSim based on OSM in general
  • Zilske, M., A. Neumann, K. Nagel, K. (2011). OpenStreetMap for traffic
  • simulation. In M. Schmidt, M., G. Gartner. Proceedings of the 1st European

State of the Map – OpenStreetMap conference, 11-10, 126–134, Vienna.

  • Passing of vehicles
  • Agarwal A., M. Zilske, K.R. Rao, K. Nagel (2015). An Elegant and

Computationally Efficient Approach for Heterogeneous Traffic Modelling Using Agent Based Simulation. Procedia Computer Science, 52, 962-967.

  • Bicycle routing and scoring
  • Ziemke, D., S. Metzler und K. Nagel (2017) Modeling bicycle traffic in an

agent-based transport simulation. Procedia Computer Science, 109, 923– 928

  • Ziemke, D., S. Metzler und K. Nagel (2017) Bicycle traffic and its interaction

with motorized traffic in an agent-based transport simulation framework. VSP WP 17-15

  • Network creation based on OSM for lanes and signal
  • Thunig, T., K. Nagel (2018). Modeling traffic signals in an agent-based

transport simulation based on OpenStreetMap data. Poster at SotM 2018

Slide 41 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018

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References

  • Network creation for MATSim based on OSM in general
  • Zilske, M., A. Neumann, K. Nagel, K. (2011). OpenStreetMap for traffic
  • simulation. In M. Schmidt, M., G. Gartner. Proceedings of the 1st European

State of the Map – OpenStreetMap conference, 11-10, 126–134, Vienna.

  • Passing of vehicles
  • Agarwal A., M. Zilske, K.R. Rao, K. Nagel (2015). An Elegant and

Computationally Efficient Approach for Heterogeneous Traffic Modelling Using Agent Based Simulation. Procedia Computer Science, 52, 962-967.

  • Bicycle routing and scoring
  • Ziemke, D., S. Metzler und K. Nagel (2017) Modeling bicycle traffic in an

agent-based transport simulation. Procedia Computer Science, 109, 923– 928

  • Ziemke, D., S. Metzler und K. Nagel (2017) Bicycle traffic and its interaction

with motorized traffic in an agent-based transport simulation framework. VSP WP 17-15

  • Network creation based on OSM for lanes and signal
  • Thunig, T., K. Nagel (2018). Modeling traffic signals in an agent-based

transport simulation based on OpenStreetMap data. Poster at SotM 2018

Slide 42 Using OSM to model bicycle traffic in a transport simulation | D. Ziemke, S. Metzler | SotM | 29 July 2018