Urban Sound Symposium April 4, 2019 Ghent University, Belgium Urban - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Urban Sound Symposium April 4, 2019 Ghent University, Belgium Urban Low Barriers Jrme Defrance jerome.defrance@cstb.fr Outline Forewords Theoretical performance In situ assessment Holistic approach Perspectives Urban Sound

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Urban Sound Symposium

April 4, 2019 – Ghent University, Belgium

Urban Low Barriers

Jérôme Defrance

jerome.defrance@cstb.fr

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Outline

Forewords Theoretical performance Holistic approach In situ assessment Perspectives

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

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Outline

Forewords Theoretical performance Holistic approach In situ assessment Perspectives

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

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Forewords: Not forgetting my colleagues…

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

…who participated in research on low barriers: Marine Faouzi Julien Philippe Alexandre Baulac Koussa Maillard Jean Jolibois 2010… ☺

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Forewords: 15 years of research on low barriers

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

2010 2015 2020 2005

HOSANNA

NBS applied to NR

EU FP7

IMPACT

Freight Trains Barriers

Fr Ademe w/ SNCF

CNEA-U

In-Situ Assessment

Fr Ademe + Standard

RÉMUS

Decision Support Tool

Fr Ademe

ALPNAP

Air/Noise Pollution

Interreg Alpine Space

NR by natural means

  • F. Koussa’s PhD

Tramways low barriers

  • A. Jolibois’ PhD

Hybrid ing. models

  • M. Kamrath’s PhD

Multicriteria optimisations

  • M. Baulac’s PhD
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Forewords: motivation

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Low barriers adapted to some ground transportation modes… But in some specific situations!

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Forewords: physical principles

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Transmission loss: less crucial than classical barriers Frequency dependence

Insertion Loss dB Freq Hz

Baulac M, Defrance J, Jean P, Minard F, Efficiency of low height noise protections in urban areas: Predictions and scale model measurements, Acta Acustica 92(4), 530-539 (2006)

Diffraction loss

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Forewords: Methodology

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Noise abatement referred to untreated situation or straight barrier Receiver(s)’s location Choice of tools:

  • Numerical (Boundary Element Method…)
  • Scale model measurements (TDS, spark…)
  • In situ measurements (pass-by, LS…)
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Outline

Forewords Theoretical performance Holistic approach In situ assessment Perspectives

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

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Theoretical performance

Tramway – Vegetated low barriers

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

No building Street canyon

Configuration Pedestrian Zone 1 Zone 2

Left B

2.7 10.3 3.5

Left AB

16.7 21.3 14.2

Right B

17.1 20.4 17.8

Right AB

16.7 19.9 17.6

L+R B

7.9 13.4 6.6

L+R AB

16.7 20.4 15.7 Configuration M1 M2 M3

Left B

5.6 7.8 9.0

Left AB

15.6 15.8 15.9

Right B

16.9 17.0 17.2

Right AB

18.7 20.3 22.6

L+R B

10.0 11.2 12.1

L+R AB

17.5 18.0 18.6

+7/9 dBA +6/7 dBA No building Street Canyon

Zone 2 Zone 1

M1 M2 M3

Low Barrier (0.4mx1m): Vegetation substrate with inner rigid core

Left Right Left Right

Defrance J, Jean P, Acoustical performance of innovative vegetated barriers, InterNoise 2013, Innsbruck (15-18 Sept 2013) / HOSANNA Project

(HOSANNA Project)

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Theoretical performance

Lightweight vegetated barriers at bridges

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

4-lane road

(HOSANNA Project)

Tramway

― rigid barrier ― absorbing barrier (Vegetation substrate with inner rigid core)

dB distance

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Theoretical performance

More complex shapes

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Low earth berms Low gabions Sonic crystal assisted

Best shapes: 1, 5, 6 Worst shapes : 2, 4

Koussa F, Defrance J, Jean P, Blanc-Benon P, Acoustical efficiency of a sonic crystal assisted noise barrier, Acta Acustica united with Acustica 99(3), 399-409 (2013) Koussa F, Defrance J, Jean P, Blanc-Benon P, Acoustic performance of gabions noise barriers: numerical and experimental approaches, Applied Acoustics 74(1), 189–197 (2013) Defrance J, Jean P, Koussa F, Van Renterghem T, Kang J, Smyrnova Y, Innovative barriers, Chapter 2 of Environmental Methods for Transport Noise Reduction (HOSANNA handbook), ISBN : 978-0-415-67523-9, 2015

IL = 6-10 dB(A) Rigid cylinders: IL→8 dB(A) Absorbing cylinders: IL→15 dB(A)

R1 nb2

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Outline

Forewords Theoretical performance Holistic approach In situ assessment Perspectives

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

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In situ assessment

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Low vegetated barrier (no inner core)

  • Build in the city center of Lyon (HOSANNA Project) – 0.4mx1mx14m

Rådsten-Ekman M, Vincent B, Anselme C, Mandon A, Rohr R, Defrance J, Van Maercke D, Botteldooren D, Nilsson ME, Case-study evaluation of a low and vegetated noise barrier in an urban public space, InterNoise 2011

IL ≈ 5 dB(A)

dB-R = 3 m hR = 1.2 m

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In situ assessment

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Low gamma-shaped

Jolibois A, Defrance J, Koreneff H, Jean P, Duhamel D, Sparrow V, In situ measurement of the acoustic performance of a full scale tramway low height noise barrier prototype, Applied Acoustics 94, 57–68 (2015)

12 dB(A) 6 dB(A)

dB-R = 3 m hR = 1.5 m

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In situ assessment

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

First draft of a standard method derived from EN 1793-4,5,6

  • Loudspeakers and mics, IR measurement and windowing
  • Insertion Loss
  • S/R > R/S reciprocity
  • Use of a “reflector” (tramway)
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In situ assessment

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Arrangement (laboratory or in situ)

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In situ assessment

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

First results on 3 manufactured prototypes (1.15 m high)

14.3 ± 1.0 14.7 ± 1.5 14.0 ± 2.0 13.5 ± 1.3 13.3 ± 1.5 12.0 ILavg : μ ± σ [dB] No reflector With reflector

Jolibois A, Defrance J, Advances regarding a new method for measuring the in situ noise abatement performance of urban noise reducing devices, Acoustics'17, Boston, USA (28 June 2017)

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Outline

Forewords Theoretical performance Holistic approach In situ assessment Perspectives

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

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Holistic approach

Example #1: Renewal of Place de la Nation Project

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3d0-kgnM6OI

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Holistic approach

Example #2: RÉMUS Project (Ademe)

Defrance J, Maillard J, Laforgue J-D, Bouakil S, Brunet B, Outil d’aide à la décision pour la réalisation de mobiliers urbains acoustiques (Projet RÉMUS), Congrès Français d’Acoustique, Le Havre, 23-27 avril 2018

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

Typologies and scenarios Simulations

  • A/U/R indicators
  • Audio sequences

Interactive Guide Assessment http://ecran-urbain.cstb.fr

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Holistic approach

Example #2: RÉMUS Project (Ademe)

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

UbEnv UbMob UbUsa UbGest

+

  • +

Acoustical indicators

  • LAeq (rec and maps), gain, L10, %Time LAeq,1s <60, >70 dB(A)
  • Audio sequences at several positions (w/ wo/ low barriers)

Urban indicators

  • 3-value scale: + favorable ; – difficult to adapt ; 0 to be supported
  • UbEnv: Urban integration / UbMob: Users’ mobility

UbUsa: Use development / UbGest: Management and degradation

Road indicators

  • 3-value scale for performance: Basic, high, very high
  • Users’ security / Users’ specificities / Allowance optimisation
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Holistic approach

Example #2: RÉMUS Project (Ademe)

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

http://ecran-urbain.cstb.fr

(with Chrome or Firefox only!) (and in French only ☺)

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Outline

Forewords Theoretical performance Holistic approach In situ assessment Perspectives

Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

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Concluding remarks & Perspectives

Low barriers?... Efficient in some situations, not adapted to others… Just a piece of the puzzle Noise abatement in the range 5-15 dB(A): not too bad… Addition of extra inter-lane low barriers significant Low barriers at edge of bridges/embankments promising Urban and road indicators to be taken into account Perceptive approach shown to be an efficient tool Ongoing work on development of in situ methodology Good meas. performance overall, good reproducibility Next step: in situ experiment in Nice this year…

Van Renterghem T, Forssén J, Attenborough K, Jean Ph, Defrance J, Hornikx M, Kang J, Using natural means to reduce surface transport noise during propagation outdoors, Applied Acoustics 92, 86-101 (2015) Urban Sound Symposium – Urban Low Barriers – 4 April 2019 – J. Defrance

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Merci pour votre attention