Understanding Gradle for Android Kevin Pelgrims Schedule The - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Understanding Gradle for Android Kevin Pelgrims Schedule The - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Mar 07, 2023 144 likes •621 views

Understanding Gradle for Android Kevin Pelgrims Schedule The build file Groovy basics Back to the build file Custom tasks Tasks for Android Tips and tricks The build file The build file apply plugin:

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Understanding Gradle for Android

Kevin Pelgrims

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Schedule

  • The build file
  • Groovy basics
  • Back to the build file
  • Custom tasks
  • Tasks for Android
  • Tips and tricks
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The build file

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The build file

apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 24 buildToolsVersion "24.2.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.muchgradle" } } dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.0' }

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Groovy basics

To get Gradle, you need to get Groovy

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Verbosity

System.out.println("Hello, Java"); println("Hello, Java"); println("Hello, Java") println "Hello, Java" println 'Hello, Groovy'

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Dynamic typing

String name = "Andy" def name = 'Andy'

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String interpolation

def name = 'Andy' def greeting = "Hello, $name"

def name_size = "Your name is ${name.size()} characters long"

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Methods

public int square(int num) { return num * num; } square(2); def square(def num) { num * num } square 4

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Closures

def square = { num -> num * num } square 8 Closure square = { it * it } square 16

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Closures

void runClosure(Closure closure) { closure() } runClosure({ println 'Yo!'}) runClosure() { println 'Yo!'} runClosure { println 'Yo!'}

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Lists

List list = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5] list.each { element -> println element } list.each { println it }

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Maps

Map map = [one:1, two:2, three:3] map.get('one') map['two'] map.three

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Maps

void print(Map args, String message) { println args println message } print(one:1, two:2, three:3, 'hello')

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The build file

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Back to the build file

apply plugin: 'com.android.application' android { compileSdkVersion 24 buildToolsVersion "24.2.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.muchgradle" } } dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.0' }

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Back to the build file

apply plugin: 'com.android.application' project.apply([plugin: 'com.android.application']);

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Back to the build file

dependencies { compile 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.0' }

project.dependencies({ add('compile', 'com.android.support:appcompat-v7:24.2.0', { // Configuration statements }); });

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Back to the build file

android { compileSdkVersion 24 buildToolsVersion "24.2.0" defaultConfig { applicationId "com.muchgradle" } } Android plugin: https://developer.android.com/tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html

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Custom tasks

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Gradle build lifecycle

Initialization Discover all modules

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Gradle build lifecycle

Initialization Configuration Configure project objects

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Gradle build lifecycle

Initialization Configuration Execution Execute selected tasks

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Defining a task

task hello { doLast { println 'Hello, world!' } } task hello << { println 'Hello, world!' }

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Defining a task

task hello { println 'Configuration' doLast { println 'Goodbye' } doFirst { println 'Hello' } }

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Ordering task actions

task hello { doFirst { println 'Not really first' } doFirst { println 'First' } doLast { println 'Not really last' } doLast { println 'Last' } }

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Ordering tasks (1)

task task1 << { println 'Task 1' } task task2 << { println 'Task 2' } task2.mustRunAfter task1 > gradlew task2 task1 task1 task2

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Ordering tasks (2)

task task1 << { println 'Task 1' } task task2 << { println 'Task 2' } task2.dependsOn task1 > gradlew task2 task1 task2

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Android tasks

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Hooking into the Android plugin

android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> println variant }

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Hooking into the Android plugin

task hello << { println 'Hello' } android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> variant.assemble.dependsOn hello }

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Automatically renaming APKs

android.applicationVariants.all { variant -> variant.outputs.each { output -> } } def file = output.outputFile

  • utput.outputFile = new File(file.parent,

file.name.replace(".apk", "${variant.versionName}.apk"))

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Tips and tricks

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The Gradle Wrapper

  • It’s there by default
  • It’s everywhere
  • It’s always the right version
  • You can use different versions of Gradle for different projects
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Speeding up the build

  • Use the latest version of Gradle

distributionUrl=https\://services.gradle.org/distributions/ gradle-2.8-all.zip

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Speeding up the build

  • Use the latest version of Gradle
  • Change your Gradle properties
  • rg.gradle.parallel=true
  • rg.gradle.daemon=true
  • rg.gradle.jvmargs=-Xms256m -Xmx1024m
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Speeding up the build

  • Use the latest version of Gradle
  • Change your Gradle properties
  • Build modules separately

gradlew :app:build :moduledirectoryname:build

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Speeding up the build

  • Use the latest version of Gradle
  • Change your Gradle properties
  • Build modules separately
  • Exclude modules from the build

gradlew assemble -x :libraryproject:assemble

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Speeding up the build

  • Use the latest version of Gradle
  • Change your Gradle properties
  • Build modules separately
  • Exclude modules from the build
  • Do some profiling

gradlew task --profile

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Optimizing the APK

  • ProGuard

android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true proguardFiles getDefaultProguardFile ('proguard-android.txt'), 'proguard-rules.pro ...

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Optimizing the APK

  • ProGuard
  • Automatic resource shrinking

android { buildTypes { release { minifyEnabled true shrinkResources true ...

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Optimizing the APK

  • ProGuard
  • Automatic resource shrinking
  • Manual resource shrinking

android { defaultConfig { resConfigs "en", "da", "nl" } }

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Optimizing the APK

  • ProGuard
  • Automatic resource shrinking
  • Manual resource shrinking

android { defaultConfig { resConfigs "hdpi", "xhdpi", "xxhdpi", "xxxhdpi" } }

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Resources

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Resources

  • Groovy SDK
  • http://www.groovy-lang.org/download.html
  • Gradle DSL
  • https://docs.gradle.org/current/dsl/
  • Android plugin documentation
  • https://developer.android.com/tools/building/plugin-for-gradle.html
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Resources

I wrote a book! https://www.packtpub.com/ application-development/gradle- android

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Understanding Gradle for Android

twitter.com/kevinpelgrims google.com/+kevinpelgrims kevinpelgrims.com