Types of networks (social networks, computer networks, entity- - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Types of networks (social networks, computer networks, entity- - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Oct 21, 2022 389 likes •562 views

Networks Types of networks (social networks, computer networks, entity- relationship networks, ) Node-link diagrams Layered Internet architecture (encapsulation) The Internet Structure of the Internet core

slide-1
SLIDE 1
  • Networks
  • Types of networks (social networks, computer

networks, entity-relationship networks, …)

  • Node-link diagrams
  • Layered Internet architecture (encapsulation)
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SLIDE 2
  • The Internet
  • Structure of the “Internet core” (ISPs, IXP’s, CDN’s)
  • Packet switching (store and forward, routing)
  • Types of delays (transmission, propagation, queueing,

processing)

  • Computing throughput
  • Causes of packet loss (buffer overflow, bit errors,

excessive delay)

  • Traceroute
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SLIDE 3

App Layer

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SLIDE 4
  • Service Model
  • Example applications (Web, email, streaming video, …)
  • Client-server architecture
  • Processes
  • Sockets
  • Port numbers
  • Designing an application level protocol
  • The Web
  • HTTP message formats (GET, Conditional GET, HEAD, POST,

DELETE, response)

  • HTTP interaction
  • Sequence diagrams
  • HTTP use of TCP (persistent, non-persistent)
  • Cookies
  • Proxy servers
  • Email
  • Email architecture (mail servers, “user agents”)
  • Mail message format
  • SMTP (message format, interaction)
  • POP3 (message format, iteraction)
  • Interaction scenario
  • 7-bit ASCII limitation
  • Socket Programming
  • Creating sockets in Python 3 (UDP, TCP)
  • Domain Name System
  • Application “stacking” (one application layer protocol using

another)

  • Distributed hierarchical architecture (root servers, TLD servers,

authoritative servers)

  • Resource records
  • DNS message format
  • Streaming
  • Media coding (audio, video)
  • Quality of service requirements (continuous replay, packet loss,

latency, adaptation)

  • Clint-side buffering
  • DASH
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SLIDE 5

Transport Layer

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SLIDE 6
  • Common Transport Pieces
  • Socket addressing (UDP, TCP)
  • Checksums
  • UDP
  • UDP service goals (unordered, unguaranteed “best

effort” delivery)

  • Applications that use UDP
  • UDP message format
  • TCP
  • TCP service goals (ordered, guaranteed, eventual

delivery)

  • Applications that use TCP
  • Reliable data transfer (checksums,

acknowledgement, timeouts, pipelining)

  • Reading Finite State Model diagrams
  • TCP message format
  • Adaptation (timeout tuning, flow control)
  • Overarching skills
  • Timing analysis
  • Protocol inspection using Wireshark
  • Understanding how protocol layers work together
  • Understanding why protocols differ
  • Designing new protocols
  • Protocol implementation
  • Understanding the consequences of design

decisions (technical, social)

  • TCP (Only the following topics, which were not on

Exam 1)

  • Flow control
  • Setting the timeout
  • Connection close
slide-7
SLIDE 7

Network Layer

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SLIDE 8
  • Routers
  • Separation of data and control

planes

  • Data plane design (input buffer,

bus switch, output buffer)

  • Queueing (FIFO, weighted fair

queueing)

  • IP
  • Hierarchical IP address space
  • DHCP
  • IPv4 addresses and “Datagram”

format

  • Fragmentation
  • Network address translation
  • IPv6
  • Tunneling
  • Routing
  • Routing tables (longest prefix

matching)

  • Autonomous systems
  • Shortest path routing
  • Border Gateway Protocol (BGP)
slide-9
SLIDE 9

Link Layer

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SLIDE 10
  • Point to Point
  • Physical layer (twisted pair, coaxial cable, fiber, microwave, satellite)
  • Error detection (CRC)
  • Error correction
  • Ethernet
  • Subnets
  • CSMA/CD
  • MAC addresses
  • ARP
  • Ethernet frame structure
  • Switched Ethernet
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SLIDE 11

Wireless

slide-12
SLIDE 12
  • WiFi
  • CSMA/CA (SIFS, DIFS,

RTS, CTS)

  • Physical layer issues

(signal strength, multipath, interference, hidden terminal)

  • Adaptive rate selection
  • Association (SSID)
  • 802.11 frame structure
  • Power management
  • Mobile Data
  • 4G architecture
  • Combination of FDMA

and TDMA

  • CDMA
  • Handoffs
  • Roaming mobility (indirect

routing)

slide-13
SLIDE 13

Security

slide-14
SLIDE 14
  • Hacking
  • Bots and botnets
  • Distributed denial of service attacks
  • Ransomware
  • Social attacks
  • Disinformation
  • Firewalls
  • Firewalls (stateful, stateless)
  • Gateways
  • Intrusion detection
  • Encryption
  • Symmetric key encryption
  • Public key encryption
  • PGP for email
  • SSL (and TLS)
  • Authentication
  • Hash
  • Message Authentication Codes
  • Digital signatures
  • Man-in-the-middle attacks
  • Certificate authorities
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SLIDE 15

Social Issues

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SLIDE 16
  • Appropriate Use
  • Legal system (constitution, laws, regulations, treaties)
  • Contracts (e.g., terms of service)
  • Policy (e.g., privacy policies)
  • Norms
  • Technical means
  • Jurisdiction
  • Controlling collection vs. controlling use
  • Balancing interests
  • Privacy
  • FISA Section 702
  • Upstream collection
  • About collection
  • Multi-communication transactions
  • Twitter
  • Agile development methods
  • Adoption of innovation (social structure, social structure,

predictors)

  • Financing
  • The Interplanetary Internet
  • Interplanetary propagation delays
  • Interplanetary queueing delays
  • Delay tolerant networking
  • Sneakernet
  • Edge caching
  • Global Internet Access
  • Demographic challenges
  • Spatial challenges
  • Last-mile technology (Fiber, radio, drones, balloons, …)
  • Context-sensitive design