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Tutorial on Interpreting and Explaining Deep Models in Computer - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Tutorial on Interpreting and Explaining Deep Models in Computer Vision Wojciech Samek Grgoire Montavon Klaus-Robert Mller (Fraunhofer HHI) (TU Berlin) (TU Berlin) 08:30 - 09:15 Introduction KRM 09:15 - 10:00 Techniques for Interpretability


  1. Tutorial on Interpreting and Explaining Deep Models in Computer Vision Wojciech Samek Grégoire Montavon Klaus-Robert Müller (Fraunhofer HHI) (TU Berlin) (TU Berlin) 08:30 - 09:15 Introduction KRM 09:15 - 10:00 Techniques for Interpretability GM 10:00 - 10:30 Coffee Break ALL 10:30 - 11:15 Applications of Interpretability WS 11:15 - 12:00 Further Applications and Wrap-Up KRM

  2. O v e r v i e w o f E x p l a n a t i o n M e t h o d s Q u e s t i o n : W h i c h o n e t o c h o o s e ? 2 / 3 3

  3. F i r s t A t t e mp t : D i s t a n c e t o G r o u n d T r u t h i n p u t e v i d e n c e f o r D N N “ t r u c k ” e x p l a n a t i o n e r r o r g r o u n d ? ? ? t r u t h 3 / 3 3

  4. F i r s t A t t e mp t : D i s t a n c e t o G r o u n d T r u t h i n p u t e v i d e n c e f o r D N N “ c a r ” e x p l a n a t i o n e r r o r g r o u n d ? ? ? t r u t h ? ? ? 4 / 3 3

  5. F r o m G r o u n d T r u t h E x p l a n a t i o n s t o A x i o ms I d e a : E v a l u a t e t h e e x p l a n a t i o n t e c h n i q u e a x i o m a t i c a l l y , i . e . i t m u s t p a s s a n u m b e r o f p r e d e fi n e d “ u n i t t e s t s ” . [ S u n ’ 1 1 , B a c h ’ 1 5 , M o n t a v o n ’ 1 7 , S a m e k ’ 1 7 , S u n d a r a j a n ’ 1 7 , K i n d e r m a n s ’ 1 7 , M o n t a v o n ’ 1 8 ] . e x p l a n a t i o n t e c h n i q u e D N N 5 / 3 3

  6. P r o p e r t i e s 1 - 2 : C o n s e r v a t i o n a n d P o s i t i v i t y [ M o n t a v o n ’ 1 7 , s e e a l s o S u n ’ 1 1 , L a n d e c k e r ’ 1 3 , B a c h ’ 1 5 ] e x p l a n a t i o n D N N C o n s e r v a t i o n : T o t a l a t t r i b u t i o n o n t h e i n p u t f e a t u r e s s h o u l d b e p r o p o r t i o n a l t o t h e a m o u n t o f ( e x p l a i n a b l e ) e v i d e n c e a t t h e o u t p u t . P o s i t i v i t y : I f t h e n e u r a l n e t w o r k i s c e r t a i n a b o u t i t s p r e d i c t i o n , i n p u t f e a t u r e s a r e e i t h e r r e l e v a n t ( p o s i t i v e ) o r i r r e l e v a n t ( z e r o ) . 6 / 3 3

  7. P r o p e r t y 3 : C o n t i n u i t y [ M o n t a v o n ’ 1 8 ] I f t w o i n p u t s a r e t h e a l m o s t t h e s a m e , a n d t h e p r e d i c t i o n i s a l s o a l m o s t t h e s a m e , t h e n t h e e x p l a n a t i o n s h o u l d a l s o b e a l m o s t t h e s a m e . E x a mp l e : M e t h o d 1 M e t h o d 2 7 / 3 3

  8. T e s t i n g C o n t i n u i t y e x p l a n a t i o n i n p u t s c o r e s f ( x ) L R P - α β 1 0 R i S e n s i t i v i t y a n a l y s i s 8 / 3 3

  9. P r o p e r t y 4 : S e l e c t i v i t y [ B a c h ’ 1 5 , S a m e k ’ 1 7 ] M o d e l m u s t a g r e e w i t h t h e e x p l a n a t i o n : I f i n p u t f e a t u r e s a r e a t t r i b u t e d r e l e v a n c e , r e m o v i n g t h e m s h o u l d r e d u c e e v i d e n c e a t t h e o u t p u t . E x a mp l e : M e t h o d 1 M e t h o d 2 9 / 3 3

  10. T e s t i n g S e l e c t i v i t y w i t h P i x e l - F l i p p i n g [ B a c h ’ 1 5 , S a m e k ’ 1 7 ] e x p l a n a t i o n i n p u t s c o r e s f ( x ) L R P - α β 1 0 ( ) f x S e n s i t i v i t y a n a l y s i s 1 0 / 3 3

  11. t u t p u n p I n I x ) 2 P x ) 2 P t B t B n β n d m e d i e 0 r e i e α d o d - d 1 f i d a i i P a r u r u n R G G . U ( G G L ( . E x p l a n a t i o n t e c h n i q u e s . P r o p e r t i e s ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 1 . C o n s e r v a t i o n ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 2 . P o s i t i v i t y ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 3 . C o n t i n u i t y ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ ✔ 4 . S e l e c t i v i t y . . . 1 1 / 3 3

  12. Q u e s t i o n : C a n w e d e d u c e s o m e p r o p e r t i e s w i t h o u t e x p e r i m e n t s , d i r e c t l y f r o m t h e e q u a t i o n s ? 1 2 / 3 3

  13. R e mi n d e r B a c k p r o p i n t e r n a l s ( f o r p r o p a g a t i n g g r a d i e n t ) L R P - i n t e r n a l s ( f o r p r o p a g a t i n g r e l e v a n c e ) α β 1 0 1 3 / 3 3

  14. E x a mp l e : D e d u c i n g C o n s e r v a t i o n v s . g r a d i n p u t × L R P - p r o p a g a t i o n r u l e α β 1 0 × i n p u t S u m m i n g g i v e s t h e p r o p e r t y W h e n b i a s i s n e g a t i v e , g r a d × i n p u t w i l l t e n d t o i n fl a t e s c o r e s . 1 4 / 3 3

  15. E x a mp l e : D e d u c i n g C o n t i n u i t y L R P - p r o p a g a t i o n r u l e α β v s . g r a d i n p u t × 1 0 ( w h e n b i a s n e g a t i v e , c o n t i n u i t y d u e t o d e n o m i n a t o r u p p e r - b o u n d i n g n u m e r a t o r . ) 1 5 / 3 3

  16. I n t e r me d i a t e C o n c l u s i o n G r o u n d - t r u t h e x p l a n a t i o n s a r e e l u s i v e . I n p r a c t i c e , w e a r e r e d u c e d t o v i s u a l a s s e s s m e n t o r t o t e s t t h e e x p l a n a t i o n f o r a n u m b e r o f a x i o m s . S o m e p r o p e r t i e s c a n b e d e d u c e d f r o m t h e s t r u c t u r e o f t h e e x p l a n a t i o n m e t h o d . O t h e r c a n b e t e s t e d e m p i r i c a l l y . α 1 β 0 - L R P s a t i s fi e s k e y p r o p e r t i e s o f a n e x p l a n a t i o n . S e n s i t i v i t y a n a l y s i s a n d g r a d i e n t i n p u t h a v e × c r u c i a l l i m i t a t i o n s . 1 6 / 3 3

  17. F r o m L R P t o D e e p T a y l o r D e c o mp o s i t i o n T h e L R P - α β r u l e 1 0 c a n b e s e e n a s a d e e p T a y l o r [ M o n t a v o n ’ 1 7 ] d e c o m p o s i t i o n ( D T D ) w h i c h t h e n y i e l d s d o m a i n - a n d l a y e r - s p e c i fi c r u l e s 1 7 / 3 3

  18. D T D : T h e S t r u c t u r e o f R e l e v a n c e P r o p o s i t i o n : R e l e v a n c e a t e a c h l a y e r i s a p r o d u c t o f t h e a c t i v a t i o n a n d a n a p p r o x i m a t e l y c o n s t a n t t e r m . 1 8 / 3 3

  19. D T D : T h e R e l e v a n c e a s a N e u r o n 1 9 / 3 3

  20. D T D : T a y l o r E x p a n s i o n o f t h e R e l e v a n c e 2 0 / 3 3

  21. D T D : D e c o mp o s i n g t h e R e l e v a n c e T a y l o r e x p a n s i o n a t r o o t p o i n t : R e l e v a n c e c a n n o w b e b a c k w a r d p r o p a g a t e d 2 1 / 3 3

  22. D T D : C h o o s i n g t h e R o o t P o i n t ( D e e p T a y l o r g e n e r i c ) C h o i c e o f r o o t p o i n t 1 . n e a r e s t r o o t ✔ ✔ 2 . r e s c a l e d a c t i v a t i o n 3 . r e s c a l e d e x c i t a t i o n s ✔ ✔ ( L R P - ) α β 1 0 2 2 / 3 3

  23. D T D : V e r i f y i n g t h e P r o d u c t S t r u c t u r e B u t w a s i t t r u e ? 1 . a s s u m e i t h o l d s i n h i g h e r - l a y e r 2 . a p p l y L R P - r u l e α β 1 0 3 . o b s e r v e i t a l s o h o l d s i n l o w e r - l a y e r 2 3 / 3 3

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