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Towards refactoring meta-models into multi-level models as 1 Esther - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Towards refactoring meta-models into multi-level models as 1 Esther Guerra 2 Juan de Lara 2 Fernando Mac fernandomacias.es Campina Grande, November 21, 2017 1 Western Norway University of Applied Sciences 2 Universidad Aut onoma de Madrid

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Towards refactoring meta-models into multi-level models

Fernando Mac´ ıas1 Esther Guerra2 Juan de Lara2 fernandomacias.es Campina Grande, November 21, 2017

1Western Norway University of Applied Sciences 2Universidad Aut´

  • noma de Madrid

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This work: What, how and why

Two-level limitations Multi-level refactoring process Evaluation and experiments

Juan de Lara, Esther Guerra, and Jes´ us S´ anchez Cuadrado. “When and How to Use Multilevel Modelling”. In: ACM Trans. Softw. Eng. Methodol. 24.2 (Dec. 2014), 12:1–12:46. issn: 1049-331X. doi: 10.1145/2685615 2 / 16

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What is MDSE?

Model-Driven Software Engineering. Representing information in a structured way. Uses: Code generation Simulation Documentation ...

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Example: Security Policies

Tejeddine Mouelhi, Franck Fleurey, and Benoit Baudry. “A Generic Metamodel For Security Policies Mutation”. In: Proc. ICST. IEEE Computer Society, 2008, pp. 278–286

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Limitations of traditional approaches

Complexity tends to grow pretty fast. Difficult to read Complex maintenance Low reusability

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Multi-level modelling (MLM)

The good: Unbounded levels of abstraction Richer semantics Cleaner structures The bad: Lack of consensus on foundations Technology lock-in Tool isolation

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Security Policies with MLM

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType name: String hierarchy: bool

1..* parameters ruleTypes 1..* elementTypes 1..*

Rule name: String Parameter name: String Policy name: String

type type parameters 1..* rules * elements * type children *

(a) “flat” meta-model

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Security Policies with MLM

userRole:RuleType name= “UserRole” user:ElementType name= “User” hierarchy= false role:ElementType name= “Role” hierarchy= true rbac:PolicyType name= “RBAC” policy:Policy name= “LibraryRBAC” rule:Rule name= “R1” p2:Parameter name= “Student” p1:Parameter name= “Romain”

:type :type :type :type :rules :ruleTypes :parameters :parameters

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType name: String hierarchy: bool

1..* parameters ruleTypes 1..* elementTypes 1..*

Rule name: String Parameter name: String Policy name: String

type type parameters 1..* rules * elements * type children *

(a) “flat” meta-model (c) “flat” model

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Security Policies with MLM

userRole:RuleType name= “UserRole” user:ElementType name= “User” hierarchy= false role:ElementType name= “Role” hierarchy= true rbac:PolicyType name= “RBAC” policy:Policy name= “LibraryRBAC” rule:Rule name= “R1” p2:Parameter name= “Student” p1:Parameter name= “Romain”

:type :type :type :type :rules :ruleTypes :parameters :parameters

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType name: String hierarchy: bool

1..* parameters ruleTypes 1..* elementTypes 1..*

Rule name: String Parameter name: String Policy name: String

type type parameters 1..* rules * elements * type children *

(a) “flat” meta-model (b) multi-level specification

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType

1..* parameters 1..* elementTypes 1..* ruleTypes children@(2)

name: String hierarchy@1: bool

(c) “flat” model

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Security Policies with MLM

userRole:RuleType name= “UserRole” user:ElementType name= “User” hierarchy= false role:ElementType name= “Role” hierarchy= true rbac:PolicyType name= “RBAC” policy:Policy name= “LibraryRBAC” rule:Rule name= “R1” p2:Parameter name= “Student” p1:Parameter name= “Romain”

:type :type :type :type :rules :ruleTypes :parameters :parameters

userRole:RuleType name= “UserRole” user:ElementType name= “User” hierarchy= false role:ElementType name= “Role” hierarchy= true rbac:PolicyType name= “RBAC”

roles:ruleTypes rparam: parameters 1..1 uparam: parameters 1..1 *

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType name: String hierarchy: bool

1..* parameters ruleTypes 1..* elementTypes 1..*

Rule name: String Parameter name: String Policy name: String

type type parameters 1..* rules * elements * type children *

(a) “flat” meta-model (b) multi-level specification

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType

1..* parameters 1..* elementTypes 1..* ruleTypes children@(2)

name: String hierarchy@1: bool

(c) “flat” model (d) multi-level model

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Security Policies with MLM

userRole:RuleType name= “UserRole” user:ElementType name= “User” hierarchy= false role:ElementType name= “Role” hierarchy= true rbac:PolicyType name= “RBAC” policy:Policy name= “LibraryRBAC” rule:Rule name= “R1” p2:Parameter name= “Student” p1:Parameter name= “Romain”

:type :type :type :type :rules :ruleTypes :parameters :parameters

userRole:RuleType name= “UserRole” user:ElementType name= “User” hierarchy= false role:ElementType name= “Role” hierarchy= true rbac:PolicyType name= “RBAC”

roles:ruleTypes rparam: parameters

rule:userRole name= “R1” p2:role name= “Student” p1:user name= “Romain” policy:rbac name= “LibraryRBAC”

1..1 uparam: parameters 1..1 :rparam :uparam * :roles

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType name: String hierarchy: bool

1..* parameters ruleTypes 1..* elementTypes 1..*

Rule name: String Parameter name: String Policy name: String

type type parameters 1..* rules * elements * type children *

(a) “flat” meta-model (b) multi-level specification

PolicyType name: String RuleType name: String ElementType

1..* parameters 1..* elementTypes 1..* ruleTypes children@(2)

name: String hierarchy@1: bool

(c) “flat” model (d) multi-level model

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Refactoring into MLM

Goals: Empirical data about MLM improvement Automatic refactoring tool Convergence of MLM frameworks

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Step 1: Detecting smells

Heuristic-based annotation Based on structure and name similarity Adjustable confidence threshold Open to human intervention (i.e. semi-automatic)

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Step 1: Detecting smells

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Step 2: Refactoring

Transformation applied to each annotated pattern Based on annotations from previous step Single-model output (for now) Automatic

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Step 2: Refactoring

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Step 3: Recommendation

Based on framework support for MLM features Three degrees of support: supported, emulated, unsupported Scores and ranking output Automatic

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Step 3: Recommendation

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Step 3: Recommendation

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Step 3: Recommendation

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Step 4: Deployment

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Step 4: Deployment

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Step 4: Deployment

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Evaluation: Gain

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Evaluation: F-score optimization

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Conclusions

Empirical evaluation of MLM with third-party data Prototype tool support Tool-independent representation of MLM hierarchies

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Future work

Support more scenarios Large-scale evaluation (Github) Crystallize tool-independent metamodel as exchange format

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References

Fernando Mac´ ıas, Esther Guerra, and Juan de Lara. “Towards rearchitecting meta-models into multi-level models”. In: International Conference on Conceptual Modeling. Springer. 2017,

  • pp. 59–68

Juan de Lara, Esther Guerra, and Jes´ us S´ anchez Cuadrado. “When and How to Use Multilevel Modelling”. In: ACM Trans. Softw.

  • Eng. Methodol. 24.2 (Dec. 2014), 12:1–12:46. issn: 1049-331X.

doi: 10.1145/2685615 Juan de Lara and Esther Guerra. “Deep meta-modelling with MetaDepth”. In: Objects, Models, Components, Patterns.

  • Vol. 6141. LNCS. Springer, July 2010, pp. 1–20. doi:

10.1007/978-3-642-13953-6\_1 Colin Atkinson, Ralph Gerbig, and Mathias Fritzsche. “A multi-level approach to modeling language extension in the enterprise systems domain”. In: Information Systems 54 (2015), pp. 289–307 Fernando Mac´ ıas, Adrian Rutle, and Volker Stolz. “MultEcore: Combining The Best of Fixed-Level and Multilevel Metamodelling”. In: 3rd International Workshop on Multi-Level Modelling (MULTI2016). Vol. 1722. CEUR Workshop Proceedings. 2016