Toward a System Approach of Distributed Information Awareness to - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation
Toward a System Approach of Distributed Information Awareness to support Emergency Response Amina SAOUTAL, Nada Matta and J.Pierre Cahier Troyes University of Technology, France 1 Context Culture Multitude Type Complexity Objectives
Amina SAOUTAL, Nada Matta and J.Pierre Cahier Troyes University of Technology, France
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Type Complexity Multitude Organization
Information in intra-
Information from other actors Awareness
natural Man made time space Culture Objectives Terminology Priorities
Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis What is Awareness?
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Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis
Social Cognitive Education
The concept of «Awareness» varies with the variation of discipline
(Belkadi et al, 2013)
Collaborative work
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Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis
Cognitive
Situation awareness is the perception of the elements in the environment within a volume of time and space, the comprehension of their meaning and the projection
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Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis What is Awareness?
Collaborative work
provides a context for our own activity” (Dourish and Bellotti, 1992).
something” “Awareness is pick up what is going around” (Schmidt, 2002).
right actor (Gorman, 2006 ; Salmon, 2010)
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Situation Awareness Inter-organizational collaboration Carry out activities Make decision Manage the crisis What is Awareness? Information Awareness is picking up and perceive the needed and the relevant information at the right time about what is going around for a given context in order to achieve the interdependent activities 1- Actors know previously what they have to pick up from others in each situation. 2- Actors have to pick what they have not anticipate previously and which is relevant to achieve their activity
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What are the factors that hinder achieving information awareness (IA) within inter-organizational collaboration in crisis management? How to support IA with in inter-organizational collaboration in crisis management?
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PC PC
Operational Center
Operational Center
Emergency Medical Service EMS
CRO
Firefighter Police Emergency Medical Service
Recognition
Message of information Instructions/ Requests
CP DSM
Crisis cell (Prefecture)
Operational level Strategic level
Information reporting from ground Instructions / Verification / validation Information Debriefing
Analysis/tactical decision Implementation
Tactical level PC
EMS Res. DRO. DRO.
EMS Firefighter Police
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Analyse the information awareness issues
practices and procedures
among the various organizations involved.
N° Organizatio n Role I1 Fire department Commandant I2 Fire department Colonel I3 Fire department Group chief I4 Fire department Trainer at firefighter/former firefighter I5 Fire department Commandant of rescue operation I6 EMS Chief
emergency medical assistance service/ expert I7 EMS expert I8 Police Captain: Deputy officer of information I9 Police Colonel: commandant of police I10 Consultant Former firefighter/ expert
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Analyse the information awareness issues
N° Debriefing type Participants in debriefing D1 Accident bus in highway Real case Expert -EMS D2 Nuclear transport Exercise Expert-EMS D3 Retirement home Real case Expert-EMS D4 Storm 99 Real case CRO N° Exercise observation Participants E1 Shooting in commercial stores FRS-Police-EMS-
E2 Population evacuation Red Cross
Understand how information is communicated in inter-organizational level in order to identify awareness issues
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What are the factors that hinder achieving information awareness in inter-organizational collaboration in crisis management?
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Event Description Information awareness issues (difficulties to pick up what is going around) Shooting in commercial stores E Accident bus in highway (D1)
from firefighter (D1)
the decision maker” (I6)
(E1)
embed and adjust their actions, but he does not communicate it or he communicates fragment information (I7)
“We realize that we are really advanced and we wait the vehicles of firefighter, that police give us the information of access… the transmitter do not give information at the right time” (I6,D1) Weak interaction between actors in inter-organization: difficulty to identify the different interlocutor and interact with each other and then pick up what they are interested in and what is going around Unavailalbility of the right information at the right time
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Event Description Information awareness issues (difficulties to pick up what is going around) Shooting in commercial stores E1 Accident bus in highway (D1) Shift phase between the different levels bottom-up & top-down “The time is not the same in the field as in the CC of EMS, and in the DOC ” (I6) (E1) “We are not necessarily aware at the right time about the decisions made strategic level” (I6) “There is a problem of information top-down, we are not aware about the major decision made in SL and they are not communicated to actors on field” (I6,D2) “Sometimes, the Commander of rescue makes decision. However there is a delay to receive this decision” (I6)
which area, so the information reported are different (E1, D1, I6) “The prefect needs reliable information, thus he requests the verification and confirmation of information. Sometimes the red (Firefighter) reports a victim number, the white (EMS) reports another and idem for the blue (Police).” (I6) “The identity of victims is the big problem. The crusaders information may be different from the different services” (I8) “The non-verification of information may even generate the shock to the citizens and families of victims involved” (I9). Information flow is slow Information reliability
14 Firefighter EMS Police Team in the accident Antares radio Antares radio GSM Antares radio Common frequency in small network about 5km Communication center in Operational center System manage radio track System for resource management Cartography System manage radio track System for resource management Cartography System manage radio track System for resource management Cartography Communication Center in Departmental Operational center Synergi Portal: succint information
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Difficulties to pick up the relevant of what is going around in order to integrate and align our own activity
Causes Consequences
Actor may know previously what he has to pick up from other activities but still have difficulty in IA (e.g. actor need to pick up if there is an access road is established in site and the information related to it in order to integrate his activity): +Weak interaction between actors:
identify interlocutor of each organization so that he/she can picks up and coordinates activities..
crisis and this lead to the missing of information awareness (also in the case when actor does not necessarily know what there is as unexpected event and must be aware about it to adjust its activity:) +Info unavailability at the right time: potential transmitter may have the relevant information for others to embed and adjust their actions, but he does not communicate it
he communicates fragment information
activity Missing visual information Missing actors network:
Missing awareness about actors needs :
dependencies
actors priorities and objectives Workload in tactical level CP have workload Current tools (As radio frequency) are not efficient as they are based on direct communication and do not enable achieving information awarenss. Coordinating activities Activities achievement “ambulance drivers could not carry victims to hospitals because they are not aware about information of the escape route” (I6) Tactical/ Strategic decision making Major decision making “We make the tactical decision on the field, thus we must have a global view of the field to make the decision” (I6) Time-consuming “… it is the time-consuming when we do not transmit the right information to the right actor…” (I6)
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How to support IA within inter-organizational collaboration in crisis management?
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Difficulties to pick up the relevant of what is going around in order to integrate and align our own activity
Causes Consequences
Actor may know previously what he has to pick up from other activities but still have difficulty in IA (e.g. actor need to pick up if there is an access road is established in site and the information related to it in order to integrate his activity): +Weak interaction between actors:
identify interlocutor of each organization so that he/she can picks up and coordinates activities..
crisis and this lead to the missing of information awareness (also in the case when actor does not necessarily know what there is as unexpected event and must be aware about it to adjust its activity:) +Info unavailability at the right time: potential transmitter may have the relevant information for others to embed and adjust their actions, but he does not communicate it
he communicates fragment information
activity Missing actors network:
Current tools (As radio frequency) are not efficient as they are based on direct communication and do not enable viusal information as well as achieving situation awarenss. Coordinating activities Activities achievement “ambulance drivers could not carry victims to hospitals because they are not aware about information of the escape route” (I6) Tactical/ Strategic decision making Major decision making “We make the tactical decision on the field, thus we must have a global view of the field to make the decision” (I6) Time-consuming “… it is the time-consuming when we do not transmit the right information to the right actor…” (I6) Missing awareness about actors needs :
dependencies
actors priorities and objectives
Waste of time to request information directly to the actor (risk of disturbance, eg E1: UAS requesting the information from the CP)
Workload in tactical level CP have workload
(1) the provider of information may pay the cost instead he benefits. (2) the actor can receive information that the sender believes relevant for others whereas he cannot determine the relevance without the context of other own activity (3) sender cannot predict relevant information for others and time
(Dourish & Bellotti , 1992)
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Identification des informations dans le socle commun à travers le modèle d’interdépendance d’activité Intégration du réseau d’acteur Organisation des informations avec les métas donnés Distribution des informations selon les éléments contexte du récepteur Interaction entre les acteurs
Rôle acteur Objectif action Emplacement
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23 Etape Technique Objectif 1 Workshop
crise E1 et autres cas de crise
en simulant le même scénario avec le prototype. 2 Questionnaire
solution proposé
Le 4 novembre 2014, à Troyes à 18h 12, des braqueurs arrivent dans un magasin de Mc Arthur à Pont sainte Marie pour un cambriolage, les braqueurs tirent sur des gens et s’échappent à travers deux voitures, une des voitures fut accidentée à l’intérieur du complexe du magasin
Appel SAMU, CODIS 112-15-18 Accident / Disaster 1eres informations: Où, quand, quoi, qui, comment
Pompier Service d’urgence médicale SAMU Police/ gendarmerie
Time Time Time
Emergency Response Units
t1 t2 t3 t1 t2 t0 t1 t2 t3
18h14.48
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h29 18h33 18h35
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h43
Gestion de trafic Neutralisation des braqueurs
18h51 19h14
Setup CP firefighter
19h23
Setup CP EMS Setup AMP by firefighter
19h51 Time Time
Centre
COD
t1 18h30
Alerte slide 58 pb
t218h56
DOS sur site/ Activation Novi
t3 t4
Info déphasée: PC samu activé 19h40 Info déphasée: PC pompier activé 21h25
19h40 21h25
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h15 Appel des équipes de secours et déploiement de la sécurité locale
Appel SAMU, CODIS 112-15-18 Accident / Disaster 1eres informations: Où, quand, quoi, qui, comment
Pompier Service d’urgence médicale SAMU Police/ gendarmerie
Time Time Time
Emergency Response Units
t1 t2 t3 t1 t2 t0 t1 t2 t3
18h14.48
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h29 18h33 18h35
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h43
Gestion de trafic Neutralisation des braqueurs
18h51 19h14
Setup CP firefighter
19h23
Setup CP EMS Setup AMP by firefighter
19h51 Time Time
Centre
COD
t1 18h30
Alerte slide 58 pb
t218h56
DOS sur site/ Activation Novi
t3 t4
Info déphasée: PC samu activé 19h40 Info déphasée: PC pompier activé 21h25
19h40 21h25
Arrivée de 1ere équipe 1
18h29 Arrivée police: l’enquête commence, ils questionnent les agent de sécurité et les témoins
Appel SAMU, CODIS 112-15-18 Accident / Disaster 1eres informations: Où, quand, quoi, qui, comment
Pompier Service d’urgence médicale SAMU Police/ gendarmerie
Time Time Time
Emergency Response Units
t1 t2 t3 t1 t2 t0 t1 t2 t3
18h14.48
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h29 18h33 18h35
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h43
Gestion de trafic Neutralisation des braqueurs
18h51 19h14
Setup CP firefighter
19h23
Setup CP EMS Setup AMP by firefighter
19h51 Time Time
Centre
COD
t1 18h30
Alerte slide 58 pb
t218h56
DOS sur site/ Activation Novi
t3 t4
Info déphasée: PC samu activé 19h40 Info déphasée: PC pompier activé 21h25
19h40 21h25
Arrivée de 1ere équipe SAMU
1) 18h33 Arrivée de première équipe SMUR: scenario 1 Est-ce que vous avez eu les informations sur la voie d’accès, et la route d’arrivée au site? La localisation de l’évènement etc. 2) l’équipe SAMU a commencé la reconnaissance dans le magasin A 18h36 la police a trouvé une voiture vide des braqueurs. Est ce que après l’arrivée de l’équipe SMUR (18h33), ils ont eu l’information sur la sécurité du site? (que la police a neutralisé les braqueurs?)
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Appel SAMU, CODIS 112-15-18 Accident / Disaster 1eres informations: Où, quand, quoi, qui, comment
Pompier Service d’urgence médicale SAMU Police/ gendarmerie
Time Time Time
Emergency Response Units
t1 t2 t3 t1 t2 t0 t1 t2 t3
18h14.48
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h29 18h33 18h35
Arrivée de 1ere équipe
18h43
Gestion de trafic Neutralisation des braqueurs
18h51 19h14
Setup CP firefighter
19h23
Setup CP EMS Setup AMP by firefighter
19h51 Time Time
Centre
COD
t1 18h30
Alerte slide 58 pb
t218h56
DOS sur site/ Activation Novi
t3 t4
Info déphasée: PC samu activé 19h40 Info déphasée: PC pompier activé 21h25
19h40 21h25
Arrivée de 1ere équipe SAMU
Scenario2: 1)18h35 Arrivée de première équipe Pompier: la sécurité transmet les informations . 2) les pompiers ont commencé l’identification et l’étiquetage des victimes par la fiche médiale de l’avant. 3) Il y avait aussi un DCD. Q-SAMU: Est-ce que avez eu les informations sur les victimes déjà identifiés et leurs localisations ainsi que leurs sévérités pour savoir qui traiter au début?
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N° Descriptif du scénario 1 La police est arrivée au site en premier à 18h29 et a commencé de faire l’enquête judiciaire ainsi qu’il a bloqué certaines voies. L’équipe samu a eu une information sur la localisation du site et a besoin de savoir la voie d’accès 2 A 18h36. La police a trouvé une voiture vide des braqueurs. Aussi bien, le site n’est pas tout à fait neutralisé. l’équipe SMUR est arrivée sur le site à 18h33 et il aurait dû changer la voie. elle a aussi commencé l’identification des victimes dans le magasin vers 18h44. 3 A 18h35, les pompiers sont arrivés, la sécurité locale transmet les informations sur la localisation des victimes. Les pompiers ont commencé l’identification et l’étiquetage des victimes par la fiche médiale de l’avant. Le samu doit savoir ce qui a été fait par les pompiers et vice versa instantanément. 4 Les différentes équipes ont besoin d’avoir AI sur les victimes, leurs nombres et localisation 5 COS essaye de trouver un interlocuteur auprès de SAMU pour avoir une réponse médicale 6 Le samu est prêt pour évacuer les victimes, il a besoin de l’information voie évacuation 7 Un pompier a évacué des victimes et les a envoyés à l’hôpital sans le dire au médecin SAMU 8 Au niveau COD, la cellule de crise a besoin d’avoir une liste exhaustive des victimes en temps réel
pompier
CH1 CH2 CH3
Tactique Opérationnel Stratégique
COD (cellule de crise) I Sécurité groupe II Reconnaissance victimes DCD Victime
sécurité
Scénario 1 avec l’outil sécurité) Scénario 1 avec l’outil Information sur la sécurité générale (voie, trafic, nature source, périmètre sécurité)
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Localisation Point d’intérêt: victime, acteur, ressource etc.
Réseau acteur COS ne peut pas trouver un interlocuteur auprès de SAMU pour avoir une réponse médicale" (E1) du scenario. "Nous avons besoin de déterminer qui est l'interlocuteur de chaque service et qui est le décideur sur le terrain"(I6)
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Summary :
each actor and level based on:
– Modeling activities interdependencies: to identify actors needs for each context and structure information with meta data – Actors network: roles, position, function etc
Perspective:
d’interface
capacité d’interface
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Amina SAOUTAL, Nada Matta and J.Pierre Cahier University of Technology of Troyes , France