Today's Goals: *Explain how Egypt was united *Describe the - PDF document

~Land of the Pharaohs~ Sep 23­10:41 AM Today's Goals: *Explain how Egypt was united *Describe the pharaoh's central role in Egyptian development and life *Describe hieroglyphics, the Egyptian system of writing *Analyze the Egyptian economy Sep 23­10:42 AM 1

Long ago.... Along the Nile there were separate villages, with separate leaders, with separate rules. Sep 24­7:43 AM Then... Egypt Some villages joined Lower together under the leadership of kings; there had been many wars between the villages. Egypt Upper Sep 24­7:43 AM 2

Modern­day Nile CHECKPOINT #1 ­ p.74: How were the people of those first farming communities along the Nile governed? How did community government change over time? Sep 23­10:44 AM Menes Then.... becomes O the first N pharaoh Around 3100 B.C., Menes (the king of of Egypt... E Upper Egypt) took over the Nile Delta. He wore a double E crown after the G victory. Egypt was unified. Y P T ~Old Kingdom~ Sep 24­7:57 AM 3

CHECKPOINT #2 ­ p.75: What was the outcome of the war? What do we call the first period of Egyptian unity and how long did it last? Sep 23­10:44 AM The pharaoh... The powerful PHARAOH resided in capital city, Memphis ­ modern­day Cairo. There were male and female pharaohs. Governors carried out the pharaoh's orders. The Pharaoh controlled EVERYTHING in Egypt! Sep 24­11:38 AM 4

CHECKPOINT #3 ­ p.76: Who was the undisputed head of Egypt? What was the role of the area governors? Sep 23­10:44 AM Religion in Ancient Egypt.. Pharaoh = child of the sun god "Ra" Ra gave life to the earth. Why would the pharaoh insist that he or she should also be worshipped? Isis protected people from sickness or harm. Her husband, Osiris, represented the dead who awaited rebirth . Why do you think Osiris was such an important god to the pharaohs? The afterlife... Ancient Egyptians believed that when you died, you went to the "Next Life." They also believed that you took everything with you from your current life; therefore, belongings were buried with the dead! Why do you think that pharaohs had such elaborate tombs?? Sep 24­12:03 PM 5

Preparing for death... *Mummification http://www.ancientegypt.co.uk/mummies/home.html Sep 24­12:23 PM CHECKPOINT #4 ­ p.77: Who was the most important god to the ancient Egyptians? Why? How was the pharaoh like Ra? What did the Egyptians believe about life after death? How did they prepare? Sep 23­10:44 AM 6

e·con·o·my Pharaoh was considered noun a god, so... 1. the wealth and resources of a country or region, especially in terms of the production and All things in Egypt belonged to consumption of goods and him or her. The pharaoh was the services. center of Egypt's economy. Agriculture­based economy: 1. Farmed 2. Taxed 3. Pharaoh got most of it Taxes.... Filing taxes... Sep 25­7:53 AM CHECKPOINT #5 ­ p.77: Egypt's Economy What is an economy? Who was the most important person to Egypt's economy and on what was it based? What was taxed in Egypt? Sep 23­10:44 AM 7

The Writing System: Hieroglyphics HANDOUT: 1. Can you write your name? 2. Write the name of your favorite animal. Sep 25­8:06 AM In what ways do we use writing Scribes today? How do you think ancient Egyptians used writing? Was it an honor to be a scribe? Only boys could be scribes! What is this plant called? Today: Scribes began training in boyhood! They worked on that specific skill. Sep 25­3:29 PM 8

Rosetta Stone The code to the Egyptian hieroglyphics was lost! Until.... In 1799 a French soldier found the stone in the Nile Delta. On it were three languages: 1. Greek 2. Egyptian Hieroglyphics 3. Demotic (another type of Egyptian writing) **THE SECRET OF HIEROGLYPHICS WAS UNLOCKED! Sep 25­3:47 PM CHECKPOINT #6 ­ p.78: What are hieroglyphs? Why did they develop hieroglyphics? What was a scribe? How were scribes an example of specialization in Egypt? How did they learn their skill? Sep 23­10:44 AM 9

Pyramids = tombs for pharaohs STATS (Great Pyramid): 100,000+ people worked on one pyramid 20+ years of labor to create Millions of stone blocks Each block = 2.5 tons For the pharaoh, Khufu A HUGE expense! The Great Pyramid Sep 25­4:17 PM CHECKPOINT #7 ­ p.79: Why were the pyramids built? How demanding was building the pyramids, in terms of the cost in time and resources? How successful would you predict robbers or others would be in getting into the tombs? Sep 23­10:44 AM 10

Problems... Old kingdom pharaohs, like Khufu, demanded massive building projects. The projects took a toll on Egypt's economy and on its people. People started getting angry, and the new capital was Thebes . The country was divided, and the Old Kingdom came to an end. Sep 25­4:30 PM CHECKPOINT #8 ­ p.80: Why did anger grow in the Old Kingdom? What happened as a result? Sep 23­10:44 AM 11

REVIEW: Why is Menes remembered as a major figure in ancient Egypt? How would you describe the role the pharaoh played in Egypt? What role did hieroglyphics play in Egypt? How did the government's demand for people's labor affect Egypt? Sep 23­10:44 AM 12