TJTS568 Global Information Systems: Introduction to Global Information Systems – A Helicopter View Prof. Dr. Jan M. Pawlowski & Henri Pirkkalainen 09.09.2013
Licensing: Creative Commons You are free: to Share — to copy, distribute and transmit the work to Remix — to adapt the work Under the following conditions: Attribution . You must attribute the work in the manner specified by the author or licensor (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Noncommercial . You may not use this work for commercial purposes. Share Alike . If you alter, transform, or build upon this work, you may distribute the resulting work only under the same or similar license to this one. http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/3.0/
Global Information Systems, University of Jyväskylä (JYU) Projects Focus area OpenScout: Management Global Information Systems education in Europe and North (GLIS) Africa as application field for open content Knowledge Management & COSMOS / Open Science E-Learning Resources: Exchange of Scientific Internationalization / Content Globalization; support of ASPECT: Open Content and standards for schools globally distributed groups iCOPER: New standards for Cultural aspects for learning educational technologies and knowledge management Nordlet: Nordic - Baltic community Support through Information of Open Educational Resources Exchange and Communication LaProf: Language Learning Open Technologies Educational Resources for Standardization, Quality Agriculture Management and Assurance for E-Learning Adaptive Systems
Global Information Systems, University of Jyväskylä The Team Denis Kozlov Kati Clements Jan M. Pawlowski Henri Pirkkalainen Philipp Holtkamp
Contents Motivation – Introductory Scenario – Expectations Outlook on the Course Global Information Systems – Definition and Scope – Examples – Questions, problems, opportunities
[Source: http://www.engrish.com/]
A First Scenario Project Idea & Management Sales, Specification, Distribution, Realization, Usage, Documentation Evaluation Cooperation Source: [http://commons.wikimedia.org/]
Sample: yahoo.co.kr
Sample: yahoo.de
Course Organization Introduction, Introduction to the group work Cultural aspects Global Information Systems: Framework and Design Approaches Globally Distributed Teams Localization and Internationalization User Interface Design Competences for global workers Tools and Technologies Case Study
Approach Course outline – Lectures – Assignment / Case Study & Presentation – Final examination Interaction & Discussion – Preparation: Slides, readings & recent papers – Preparation (2): Questions on Papers – Questions: E-Mail, Forum, Skype (jan_m_pawlowski)
Important notes Register for one group in Korppi If you decide not to do the course, unregister until 24.09.2013 Exam: 50%, Case Study 50% – Both have to be passed
What can you expect? Analyze and evaluate management and development problems in globally distributed organizations Decide whether an information system should be build in an international environment To identify differences in culture in general, in management and communication To design and develop systems to be used in a international context To evaluate systems’ adaptation and adoption
Characteristics Economical, organizational, technological factors Strategy and management of globally distributed processes Communication in distributed teams Coordination of geographically distributed processes Technical infrastructure Usability Cultural issues Domain specific issues … Decisions: Outsourcing (Organization), Offshoring (Location), … Competencies: Management, cooperation, cultural issues
Definitions Global Software Development (GSD): Developing software in geographically distributed teams Global Information Systems (GLIS) are systems produced and/or used in a global context GSD ⊆ GLIS
Interaction point #1 Discuss in groups which aspects make global information systems development challenging.
Motivators (Sangwan, 2006) Limited trained workforce Differences in development costs Shorter production life-cycle through shift models Technological advancements Closeness to target markets
Some facts on outsourcing (1) [Source: DiamondCluster 2005: Global IT Outsourcing Study http://diamondconsultants.com/PublicSite/ideas/perspectives/downloads/Diamond 2005OutsourcingStudy.pdf]
Some facts on outsourcing (2) [Source: DiamondCluster 2005: Global IT Outsourcing Study http://diamondconsultants.com/PublicSite/ideas/perspectives/downloads/Diamond 2005OutsourcingStudy.pdf]
[Source: DiamondCluster 2005: Global IT Outsourcing Study http://diamondconsultants.com/PublicSite/ideas/perspectives/downloads/Diamond2005OutsourcingStudy.pdf] Some facts on outsourcing (3)
Influence Factors CARMEL (1999) – Geographical dispersion – Loss of communication richness – Coordination breakdown – Loss of team awareness – Cultural differences
Influence Factors EVARISTO (2003) – Trust – Level of dispersion – Type of stakeholders – Type of projects – Synchronicity – Complexity – Systems methodology – Perceived distance – Policy and standards – Culture
Success Factors SANGWAN et al. (2006) – Reduce Ambiguity: e.g., processes, management, design – Maximize Stability: e.g., design specifications, informal communication – Understand dependencies : e.g., temporal, functional, technical – Facilitate coordination: e.g., guidelines, standards, meetings – Balance flexibility and rigidity: e.g., working culture, decision making
Lessons Learned - 1 (Prikladnicki, 2003) Project management and, in particular, risk management need additional effort and steps The existence of a well-defined software development process is responsible for many advantages in distributed projects Knowledge management stimulates the information sharing and stimulates the learning from experience Requirements engineering is the main challenge for the software development process point of view
Lessons Learned - 2 (Prikladnicki, 2003) The planning phase is important to organize and manage the distributed projects properly The investment in recruiting and training global teams can minimize the difficulties related to the nontechnical dimension Tools can act as a facility in the distributed interaction Distributed Software Development is a maturity process
Sample scenarios (by location) Offshore outsourcing of software development / programming – Main aspects: coordination, communication Software development for multiple markets / countries / cultures – Main aspects: Culture, systems / interface design
Key Concepts: Enterprise Unified Process [Source: http://www.enterpriseunifiedprocess.com/]
Key concepts: Hofstede’s “Dimensions of Culture” Analysis dimensions Power distance index (PDI): Common position to diversities within a country and the people’s position towards authorities. individualism-index (IVD): Degree, to which individuals in a country wish to be free from dependencies to other persons and the authorities masculinity index (MAS): Degree to represent gender-roles as part of common norm, school, family and workplace as well as politics Uncertainty avoidance index (UAI): How do individuals feel threatened by uncommon or insecure situations Long term orientation (LTO): Time-orientation of a society (e.g., planning horizon)
Distributed Teams: Issues Staffing: Finding, selecting and initiating virtual teams Coordination of tasks and dependent work items Communication between teams Cultural aspects, barriers, and solutions
Key Concepts: Distributed teams Managing cultural differences Considering adjustment to calculate productivity and potential difficulties Phases of cultural adjustment – Enthusiasm – Conflict Stage – Integration Stage – Adaptation Stage
Definitions: Internationalization Internationalization (I18N) is the process of generalizing a product so that it can handle multiple languages and cultural conventions without the need for redesign. Internationalization takes place at the level of program design and document development (W3C, 2007) Localization (L10N) is the process of taking a product and making it linguistically and culturally appropriate to a given target locale (country/region and language) where it will be used (W3C, 2007)
Recommend
More recommend
