Three urban fabrics: A tool and paradigm of sustainability? CUSP, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Three urban fabrics: A tool and paradigm of sustainability? CUSP, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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Three urban fabrics: A tool and paradigm of sustainability? CUSP, Fremantle, 18 October 2012 Leo Kosonen Finnish Environment Institute Architect, Senior Recearcher Main Features of the Model Prototype Kuopio Model Applications and UF

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Finnish Environment Institute Leo Kosonen Architect, Senior Recearcher

Three urban fabrics:

A tool and paradigm of sustainability?

CUSP, Fremantle, 18 October 2012

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Main Features of the Model Prototype – Kuopio Model Applications and UF -project Paradigm Shift

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  • 10 years
  • 20 y
  • 30 y
  • 40 y
  • 60 y
  • 50 y

+10 years +20 y

Future History Presence

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

The Field of the Project

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  • 10 years
  • 20 y
  • 30 y
  • 40 y
  • 60 y
  • 50 y

+10 years +20 y

History Future Presence

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

The Field of the Project

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SLIDE 5
  • 10 years
  • 20 y
  • 30 y
  • 40 y
  • 60 y
  • 50 y

+10 years +20 y

History

The Field of the Project

Researchers explain the past

Presence Future

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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  • 10 years
  • 20 y
  • 30 y
  • 40 y
  • 60 y
  • 50 y

+10 years +20 y

History

The Field of the Project

Planners shape the future

Presence Future

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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  • 10 years
  • 20 y
  • 30 y
  • 40 y
  • 60 y
  • 50 y

+10 years +20 y

History

UF Model

UF is a comprehensive tool of reseach, planning and communication

Presence

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Future

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  • 10 years
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+10 years +20 y

History

UF Project

Main divisions of the survey: History – Challenge – Theory

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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  • 10 years
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  • 60 y
  • 50 y

+10 years +20 y

History

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

UF Project

Looking for a paradigm, which is up to date and covers the whole field

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18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

UF Project

Comprehensive dynamic model

source: draft 4.3.2009 / L.Kosonen

City Models:

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FUNCTIONS, HABITS AND CULTURES OF THE SOCIETIES HOUSING SERVICES BUSINESSES URBAN ENVIRONMENT URBAN STRUCTURE TRAFFIC LAND USE THREE URBAN FABRICS UF - Three Urban Fabrics

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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18.10.2012 Leo Kosonen source: draft 27.2.2012 / L.Kosonen

UF Model

Three Urban Fabrics

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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CAR CITY TRANSIT CITY

source: draft 27.2.2012 / L.Kosonen

UF Model

Three Urban Fabrics of a Transit City

WALKING CITY

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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CAR CITY TRANSIT CITY WALKING CITY

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen source: draft 27.2.2012 / L.Kosonen

UF Model

Three Urban Fabrics of a Car City

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Main Features of the Model Prototype – Kuopio Model Applications and UF –project Paradigm Shift

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A Prototype

Kuopio Model since 1993

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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A Prototype

Kuopio Model since 1993

Kuopio 2015 Walking- transit- and car city

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Walking City Inner suburbs Bus Transit City Car City Car density 1992-2006

Walking City Transit City Outer Walking City Car City Urban sprawl cars / 1000 households

Housing 2001

A Prototype

New analysis and understanding

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Walking City Inner suburbs Bus Transit City Car City Car density 1992-2006

Walking City Transit City Outer Walking City Car City Urban sprawl cars / 1000 households

50- 40-50 25-40 Luku osoittaa autottomien talouksien määrän vyöhykkeellä A UTOTTOMIEN TA LOUKSIEN OSUUS (%) KOTITA LOUKSISTA 2005

369 122 800 4 563 1 065 592 308 378 105 530 41 1 557 697 117 31 461 1 027 107 228 360 179 107 600 31 274 221 89 162 1 268 4 30 16

Carless households Modes by fabrics and groups Shops Sales

A Prototype

New analysis and understanding

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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10 km

A Prototype

New alternatives, goals and decisions

Finger Model 1993

Kuopio

Renovaton of the centre and the neighbourhoods An alternative to car city development (Local limitations of the car city development had failed)

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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5 km 1 km 2 km 10 km

The Centre, the Walking City and the fingers of the Transit City (orange colour) have the major role in sustainable urban development The fingers balance the growth and development of the Car City (yellow colour)

Kuopio

A Prototype

New alternatives, goals and decisions

Finger Model 2000

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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5 km 1 km 2 km 10 km

New element: Network of old alleys (10km) from parking to pedestrians

A Prototype

New implementations

Walking City

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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5 km 1 km 2 km 10 km

New elements: 2000 housing units with good courtyards and reduced parking, good public spaces

A Prototype

New implementations

Walking City

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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5 km 1 km 2 km 10 km

A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

New elements: Renovation of the neighbourhoods, Supplementary housing projects

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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5 km 1 km 2 km 10 km

A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

New element: TOD - a finger of 3800 inh

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Square

A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

New element: TOD 1300 inh

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Square

A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

New elements: Bus street, bus bridge

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Square

A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

New elements: Active bus use

Bus users / day 2001-2010

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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5 km 1 km 2 km 10 km

A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

New elements: Steet of Islands TOD 8000 inh Symbiosis with car city fabric 6000 inh

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

Steet of Islands Landscape street

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Active travel and slow driving

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

TOD 8000 inh

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

TOD 8000 inh

BOD Sring of Pearls 8000 inh BOD Pearl 1200 inh

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

New elements: Compact small pedestrian centre, New public spaces

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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District of Islands

Car City fabric 6000 inh Bus-oriented neighbourhood 8000 inh Symbiosis of Transit- and Car City fabrics:

A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

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Alt 1 / Transit City Alt 0+ / Car City

Alt 0+ Alt 1

District of Islands A Prototype

New implementations

Transit City

Symbiosis of Transit- and Car City fabrics: 50 % reduction of costs and gas house emissions of transportation in 50 years

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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250 m

Pedestrian street Bus street Shared street Underground parking Drive into parking Parking street Parking garages

A Prototype

New implementations

CBD / Pedestrian centre

Combination of Walking- Transit- and Car City Fabrics 3000 parking spaces

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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A Prototype

New implementations

CBD / Pedestrian centre

Winter City: underground shopping corridors, parking spaces for 1300 cars, easy access

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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A Prototype

Conflicting - negative - mainstream

Car City

The investments in the Car City fabric are still huge and the fabric is still growing. This growth is not sustainable.

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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citzens good alternatives

  • rganisations

states choices/plans choices/products individuals choices/rules

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen source: draft 27.11.2002 / L.Kosonen

Dynamics of urban development

Implementation / Fields of choices Kuopio-Model has been oriented towards sustainable alternatives

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Main Features of the Model Prototype – Kuopio Model Applications and UF -project Paradigm Shift

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10 km 20 km 5 km 8 km 2 km

source: KaRa-Syke

UF scales 2 km and 8 km

15.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Applications

KaRa – Syke

Helsinki

KaRa - A national network

  • f professionals of six

cities and several research institutes - has used the model since 2006

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10 km 20 km 5 km 8 km

source: KatuMetro, draft 24.7.2012

UF scales 2 km and 8 km

Stockholm

15.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Applications

KatuMetro 2012 The model is tested in Stockholm

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10 km 20 km 5 km

Oulu

source: UZ-Urban Zone Syke 2011

8 km 2 km

UF scales 2 km and 8 km

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Applications

Urban Zone 2011 34 Finnish cities have been analysed with the same model by SYKE

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Oulu

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Applications

Urban Zone 2011

source: UZ-Urban Zone Syke 2011

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Oulu

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Applications

City of Oulu 2010

source: City of Oulu 2010

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13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

UF Project

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Helsinki (19) Tampere and Turku (25) Oulu, Jyväskylä, Kuopio and Lahti (32) 45 000 - 80 000 inh regions (44) 20 000 - 45 000 inh regions (104) < 20 000 inh regions

(176)

Finland Kuopio

Cities, towns and regions

Jyväskylä Lahti Oulu UF Project

Four Case Study Cities

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UF project

Four Cities 1960

Walking Cities

Walking City Walking City Walking- and Transit City Walking – and Transit City

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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UF project

Four Cities 1975

Transit Cities

Transit- and Walking City Transit- and Walking City Transit- and Walking City Transit- and Walking City

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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UF project

Four Cities 1990

Car- and Transit Cities

Car - and Transit City Transit- and Car City Car- and Transit City Car- and Transit City

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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UF project

Four Cities 2005

Car- Transit- and Walking Cities

Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City

Analysis of the Theories and Plans

1950 to 2012

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City Car- Transit- and Walking City

Analysis of Public Spaces

Transit city 2012

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Test and Development of Methods

Urban Zone and Urban Fabrics

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen source: UZ-Urban Zone Syke 2011

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Test and Development of Methods

Urban Zone and Urban Fabrics

13.8.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Assessment of the Strategies and Plans

Case Study Cities 2030

Assessment will be based on studies of the theories and challenges at national and international levels (CUSP)

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Main Features of the Model Prototype – Kuopio Model Applications and UF -project Paradigm Shift

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Existence of three city types is evident

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Denmark Sweden Canada Italy USA Finland France UK Ireland Iceland Australia Balance of urban fabrics ? Peak of car use

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen source: draft 30.1.2011 / L.Kosonen

Existence of three city types is evident

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Combination of the fabrics of the Walking- and the Transit City Walking- Transit- and Car City as stages of development

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Existence of fabrics and zones is evident

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SUSTAINABLE INNER ZONES: The urban fabric of diversity and alternatives – one car is enough

  • the Inner City (the Walking City)
  • the suburbs with good public transport (the Transit City and

parts of the Car City) CAR DEPENDENT ZONE: The urban fabric of only one option - Car dependent parts of the Car City – two or more cars

0/1 2+

source: draft 24.9.2007 / L.Kosonen 18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Existence of three city types is evident

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SUSTAINABLE INNER ZONES: The urban fabric of diversity and alternatives – one car is enough

  • the Inner City (the Walking City)
  • the suburbs with good public transport (the Transit City and

parts of the Car City) CAR DEPENDENT ZONE: The urban fabric of only one option - Car dependent parts of the Car City – two or more cars

2+

source: draft 24.9.2007 / L.Kosonen 18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

Existence of three city types is evident

0/1

One car less

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Car City Transit City Walking City

The need for new main categories is evident

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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The Centre Inhabiting (Housing areas) Working (Working areas) Recreation (Recreational areas) Circulation (traffic) Car City Transit City Walking City

Main categories of the Modern City need to be replaced

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Need for Paradigm Shifts are evident Sustainable and Healthy City Walking- Transit- and Car City Modern City Traditional City Balance of Three Fabrics

18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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Kuopio

Healthy objectives

28.8.2006 / Leo Kosonen

Inner City / Urban fingers / Urban sprawl / Walking City Transit City Car City

  • opportunity for healthy exersice

good excellent good

  • social cohesion

fair fair segregative

  • equity

yes yes no

  • access to employment

yes yes by car only and facilities

  • road safety

fair good problems/cars

  • an attractive environment

good good good acceptable noise levels fair good problems/cars good air quality fair good problems/cars

  • climate stability.

yes yes no/cars

Is this a Paradigm Shift ?

source: draft 28.8.2006 / L.Kosonen 18.10.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

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13.6.2012 UF Leo Kosonen

http://www.urbanfabrics.fi/