Three Acts of the Mind Mental Act: Verbal Expression: Simple - PDF document

Three Acts of the Mind Mental Act: Verbal Expression: • Simple Apprehension • Term • Judgment • Proposition • Deductive Inference • Syllogism Slide 6-1 Contradictory and Contrary Statements The first two relationships of opposition The Rule of Contradiction The First Law of Opposition The Rule of Contraries The Second Law of Opposition Slide 6-2 1

Two relationships categorical statements can have to one another Opposition Equivalence Slide 6-3 The First Two Relationships of Opposition Contradiction Contrariety Slide 6-4 2

What is Opposition Opposing propositions affirm and deny the same predicate of the same subject. Slide 6-5 Four Kinds of Opposition Contradictory Contrary Subcontrary Subaltern Slide 6-6 3

Rule of Contradiction Contradictory statements are statements that differ in both quality and quantity. Slide 6-7 Quantity and Quality of Quantity and Quality of the Four Categorical the Four Categorical Statements Statements Quality Affirmative Negative Universal A E Quantity Particular I O Slide 6-8 4

The First Law of Opposition Contradictories cannot at the same time be true nor at the same time false. Slide 6-9 Contradictory Statements A: All men are mortal O: Some men are not mortal Slide 6-10 5

Contradictory Statements E: No men are gods I: Some men are gods Slide 6-11 The Rule of Contraries Two statements are contrary to one another if they are both universals but differ in quality . Slide 6-12 6

Contrary Statements All men are mortal No men are mortal Slide 6-13 The Second Law of Opposition Contraries cannot at the same time both be true, but can, at the same time, be false. Slide 6-14 7

Contradictory and Contrary Statements The first two relationships of opposition The Rule of Contradiction The First Law of Opposition The Rule of Contraries The Second Law of Opposition Slide 6-2 8