the use of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques Damian Seredyn, - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The study of radiation damage in carbon nanostructures by the use of spectroscopic and microscopic techniques

Damian Seredyn, Gdańsk University of Technology, Poland

Supervisior: Andrzej Olejniczak Flerov Laboratory of Nuclear Reactions Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Russia

A purpose of my project was to investigate radiation damage created in carbon structures by high-energy ions using Raman spectroscopy.

2

• Cyclotron: IC-100
• Ions: Xe+23/Xe+24
• Raman spectrometer:

NTEGRA Spectra

• Carbon structures:
• HOPG
• Graphene
• Graphene Oxide (GO)

Source: https://www.chemiestun.de/pse/daten.php?oz=54

• Fig. 1: HOPG structure observed by STM

microscope

Cyclotron IC-100

• Fig. 2: Photos of cyclotron IC-100 in Flerov Laboratory JINR [1]

 Ion energy: 0.9 ÷1.1 MeV/nucl  two-plane beam scan system installed in the extracted beam transporation line

Raman spectrometer

NTEGRA Spectra made by NT-MDT

Integration of SPM and Raman scattering spectroscopy Interdisciplinary research at the nanometer scale: AFM (STM) + Confocal Raman + SNOM + TERS

• Fig. 3: Photos of Raman spectrometer localized at FLNR

Laser: 473 nm

• Fig. 4: Jabłoński diagra for Rayleigh ad Raman scattering [2]

Carbon structures

Highly Oriented Pyrolytic Graphite (HOPG)

• Fig. 5: HOPG structure observed by STM and positional relationship between two

identical graphene planes [3]

Graphene Graphene Oxide (GO)

• Fig. 7: SEM photo of graphene oxide structure [5]
• Fig. 6: Example of graphene structure observed by STM [4]
• Fig. 8: a) Raman spectra of graphene [6], b) comparision between graphene

and graphite Raman spectra [7]

a) b)

Results: HOPG

820 1640 2460 280 560 840 920 1840 2760 740 1480 2220 610 1220 1830 780 1560 2340 1000 2000 3000 4000 560 1120 1680

2*10

12 Xe +/cm 2

nonradiated 6*10

12 Xe +/cm 2

10

13 Xe +/cm 2

2*10

13 Xe +/cm 2

6*10

13 Xe +/cm 2

Intensity (a.u.) 6,5*10

13 Xe +/cm 2

HOPG Raman Shift (cm

• 1)
• Fig. 9: Evolution of Raman Spectra for HOPG irradiated

with various Xe+ ion doses Table 2: Calculated values of crystallite dimensions for HOPG

0 2 6 10 20 60 65 0,0 0,1 0,2 0,3 0,4 0,5

AD/AG 10

12 Xe +/cm 2

AD/AG= a(1-e-b)

• Fig. 10: Area ratio of peaks D to G versus Xe+ ion doses

• 40
• 20

• 1)

Direct impact model

Results: Graphene

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000

Intensity (a.u.) Raman Shift (cm

• 1)

Single layer graphene

1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500 4000 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800 2000 2200 2400

Intensity (a.u.) Raman Shift (cm

• 1)

Bilayer graphene

• Fig. 11: Map of area ratio of peaks 2D to G
• Fig. 12: Photo of investigated area on the sample
• Fig. 13: Histogram of area ratio peaks 2D to G
• Fig. 14: Examples of obtained Raman spectra for investigated graphene

Results: Graphene Oxide

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

• 10000

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000 70000

Intensity (a.u.) Raman Shift (cm

• 1)

10

12 Xe +/cm 2

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

• 5000

5000 10000 15000 20000 25000 30000 35000

Intensity (a.u.) Raman Shift (cm

• 1)

6*10

12 Xe +/cm 2

500 1000 1500 2000 2500 3000 3500

• 10000

10000 20000 30000 40000 50000 60000

Intensity (a.u.) Raman Shift (cm

• 1)

10

13 Xe +/cm 2

• Fig. 15: Raman spectra for GO irradiated with 1012 Xe+/cm2
• Fig. 16: Raman spectra for GO irradiated with 6*1012 Xe+/cm2
• Fig. 17: Raman spectra for GO irradiated with 1013 Xe+/cm2

Table 3: Calculated values of area ratio peaks sp1 to D_G

Summary

 Raman spectroscopy is powerful tool for investigation carbon structures  Controlled method of creating defects in investigated material  Further investigation

Thanks for your attention! 

Bibliography

[1] http://flerovlab.jinr.ru/flnr/ic-100.html [18.07.2016]; [2] http://bwtek.com/raman-theory-of-raman-scattering/ [19.07.2016]; [3] http://www.spmtips.com/test-structures-HOPG.html [19.07.2016]; [4] http://www.sic.cas.cn/xwzx/kjxx/201405/t20140516_4121173.html [19.07.2016]; [5] https://graphene-supermarket.com/High-Surface-Area-Reduced-Graphene- Oxide.html [19.07.2016]; [6] K. Grodecki, Spectroskopia ramanowska grafenu, Electronic Materials, T. 41, 1/2013; [7] R. Saito et al., Raman spectroscopy of graphene and carbon nanotubes, Advances in Phisics, Vol. 60, no.3, 2011; [8] S. Mikhailov, Physics and Applications of Graphene – Experiments, 2011, ISBN 978-953-307-217-3, p. 439-454;