THE TRIAD THE TRIAD APPROACH APPROACH The Triad Approach to make - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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THE TRIAD THE TRIAD APPROACH APPROACH The Triad Approach to make - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Apr 08, 2023 97 likes •415 views

THE TRIAD THE TRIAD APPROACH APPROACH The Triad Approach to make contaminated sites cleanup projects better and more cost-effective. Case: Complementary laboratory (ICP, etc) and field XRF analysis Drs Ben Keet

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THE TRIAD APPROACH THE TRIAD APPROACH

The Triad Approach to make contaminated sites cleanup projects better and more cost-effective. Case: Complementary laboratory (ICP, etc) and field XRF analysis Drs Ben Keet www.benkeet.com

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Background Drs Ben Keet

Free University of Amsterdam : Physics & Hydrogeology

( theses: Isotope Hydrology + Hydrochemistry)

Work experience

  • 5 years Ass. Lecturer Physics & Groundwater Models
  • 5 years Shell Int’l : UK, Algeria, Gabon, Ecuador, London

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  • 20 years Geo & Hydro: New Zealand (’87-’91), Australia,

US, Europe, back in New Zealand (from 2003) Ø Proj. manager 2500 site assessments, 1500 remediations Ø Design & manage : 400 in situ & biological remediation systems. Ø Expert witness, 2nd opinion, accredited site auditor

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TRIAD ??

I’d rather go fishing ….

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What is “TRIAD” ?

Simplified definition:

The Triad = an innovative decision-making tool The Triad approach :

  • Proactively exploits new characterization tools and

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  • Proactively exploits new characterization tools and

treatment techniques,

  • Uses interactive work strategies
  • Provides better and cheaper results

Is used by innovative and successful contaminated site professionals.

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Triad Message

Explicitly identify and manage uncertainties that could lead to decision errors Focus on: “sampling representativeness” Focus on: “sampling representativeness” Use new field & in-situ analysis methods to increase cost-effective sample representativeness Need to adapt work routines to include mechanisms that explicitly manage representativeness

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Triad Approach

Systematic Project Planning Dynamic Work Plan Strategy

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Real-time Measurement Technologies Synthesizes practitioner experience, successes, and lessons-learned into an institutional framework

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One of the aspects of Triad: adding of uncertainties

Uncertainties add according to (a2 + b2 = c2)

Total Uncertainty Analytical Uncertainty

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Uncertainty Sampling Uncertainty Sum 1

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Effect of analytical uncertainty

  • n total uncertainty

Sum 1 1 X

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Sum 2 5 X Sum 1 Sum 2

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$ $ $ $ $ $ $

Reduce uncertainty

Fixed Lab Analytical Uncertainty Sampling Uncertainty

Sum 1 ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢

¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢

Remedy: remove hot spots

$ $ $

From This To This

¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢

¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢ ¢¢

Remedy: remove hot spots

$ $ $

Sampling Uncertainty Controlled through Increased Sampling Density Field Analytical Data

Sum 2 Sum 1 Sum 2 Sum 3

Decreased Sampling Variability after Removal of Hotspots

Fixed Lab Data

Sum 3

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Misleading Terminology

Misleading because…

Field Screening

  • Not all field methods are screening methods!
  • Not all field produced data are screening quality

data!

  • Definitive analytical lab methods may produce

screening quality data!

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Core of Triad: Conceptual Site Model

Development of Conceptual Site Model Focusses investigation

Use current and historial site lay-out Visualise the way operations were carried out Use the ‘Sherlock Holmes’ method

Reduces uncertainties

By increasing sample representativeness Being able to make sound decisions

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Lyndhurst, Hastings

  • 3 ha orchard
  • Will be 34 lot

subdivision

  • Task:
  • Assess, Remediate
  • Assess, Remediate

&Validate

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Past site lay-out

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1935-47 60-ies 70-ies 1985

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P = pear trees S = shed

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Result of Assessment: 6 x 6 meter grid 4 layers 100 – 150 mm 3,969 samples 5 x XRF analysed 5 x XRF analysed using smart composites Produced hotspot & mix volumes map

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5 XRF analysis / sample bag

To avoid weeks of analysis, the number

  • f analysis can be significantly reduced

by ‘using smart composites’

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To refine the CSM we need

Quality control of field data  (Laboratory analysis) Compare and adjust if required Compare and adjust if required Reduce uncertainty of analytes  Laboratory screening for OCP, OP & ON Identify additional hotspots

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Lab analysis

  • As, Pb, Cu
  • OP,ON, OCPs

(only DDT found)

  • confirms XRF map

+ adds hotspot @ 12 (DDT)

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Sample number XRF readings (mg/kg ww) Laboratory results (mg/kg ww) Av xrf SMC Av xrf SMC Av xrf SMC Av xrf SMC % xrf <LOD CuTRI ∆% ZnTRI ∆% PbTRI ∆% AsTRI ∆% Cu Zn Pb As (corr) Cu Zn Pb As cs1 240 92 123 33 38 236 98 133 43 2

  • 6
  • 7
  • 22

cs2 107 85 78 25 8 119 87 77 24

  • 10
  • 3

1 5 cs3 127 85 215 69 20 132 83 221 70

  • 4

2

  • 3
  • 1

cs4 105 79 150 55 98 71 148 46 7 11 1 19

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7 11 1 19 cs5 211 66 159 52 10 251 66 199 61

  • 16
  • 20
  • 15

cs6 218 275 53 14 88 176 454 46 12 24

  • 39

17 17 cs7 182 104 55 19 64 241 123 89 23

  • 25
  • 16
  • 38
  • 19

cs8 354 107 209 63 365 100 214 53

  • 3

7

  • 2

19 cs9 228 98 177 51 22 127 85 156 47 79 15 13 8 cs10 112 99 110 27 70 131 111 115 30

  • 14
  • 11
  • 4
  • 11

average % difference 4

  • 4
  • 4

(+ means the XRF reads higher than the lab result)

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Remediation starts: hotspot removal

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Remediation QC: XRF guidance

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Then: Soil Mixing

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QC of Mixing process: XRF analysis

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Unexpected hotspots

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Overall aim of QC of soil mixing process:

  • 1. Obtain average

levels below guideline levels

  • 2. Ensure very limited

number of peak number of peak concentrations

  • 3. Avoid mixing in HOT

spots as these can have huge effect on final average concentration

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Conceptual Site Model (CSM v3.0)

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after hotspot removal

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Validation

Combine

  • field and
  • laborator

y

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y analysis Re-sample:

  • Every lot
  • Berms
  • Reserves
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Triad Approach: Conclusions

A conceptual site model (CSM)evolves throughout all stages of the project Quality control (Lab) is important, however emphasis depends on project stage Field analysis increases representativeness and counters the variability in the sample Laboratory analysis manages analytical uncertainty: important during assessment and validation

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Questions ?

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Calibration unit Bioremediation