The The Why Why and and How How of Local of Local - - PDF document
The The Why Why and and How How of Local of Local Policy and Policy and Organizational Organizational Practice Change Practice Change www.preventioninstitute.org www.preventioninstitute.org
The The “ “Why Why” ” and and “ “How How” ” of Local
Policy and Policy and Organizational Organizational Practice Change Practice Change
www.preventioninstitute.org www.preventioninstitute.org
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Concepts Funding Training Partners Key Issues Outcomes
Sum Remainder: Average: Sum: Product: Sum: Sum: Exponential Product:
Crisis Centers Education Health Faith Business Media Law Enforcement TOTALS
The rules that guide the activities of government and organizations, and government and organizations, and that provide authority for the that provide authority for the allocation of resources allocation of resources. .
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1.
Local politicians are more responsive responsive (& lobbyists have less influence). (& lobbyists have less influence). 2.
People Power. Power. 3.
Cheaper & & easier easier to implement. to implement. 4.
Can be tailored tailored to individual community needs. to individual community needs. 5.
Raises community awareness community awareness and support. and support. 6.
Not burdened with the bureaucracy. with the bureaucracy. 7.
A laboratory laboratory for broader policy change, for broader policy change, providing valuable clues and appropriate models. providing valuable clues and appropriate models.
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8.
Can act as an impetus impetus and spread from and spread from community to community, leading to community to community, leading to state state-
wide & national change. 9.
More easily monitored easily monitored to ensure to ensure responsible implementation and responsible implementation and follow follow-
through. 10.
Easier to evaluate evaluate. .
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Widespread Impact
Achievability
Testing Ground
Organizational Benefits Benefits
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Understand your capabilities and limitations to do policy work to do policy work
Asses your resources – – such as staff, money, such as staff, money, training, etc. training, etc.
Advocacy vs. Lobbying
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Slides courtesy of Sue Gallagher, MPH, Public Health and Family Slides courtesy of Sue Gallagher, MPH, Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts Medicine, Tufts
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Education
Facts
Bi Partisan
Balanced
No call to action (position not taken) (position not taken)
Activities that defend, support or maintain a support or maintain a cause cause
Usually broad issues
Influencing legislation, regulation, funding regulation, funding
Actions aimed at influencing public influencing public
secure passage of secure passage of specific bill or funding specific bill or funding
A paid representative for a particular org for a particular org
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**+1 Driggs Driggs, Idaho , Idaho
Passed multiple city ordinances to require
that all new development projects integrate with existing pathways or trail systems.
Now working on a countywide mandate
so that new developments throughout the county will support physical activity
Working with Friends of Pathways based
in Jackson, Wyoming to create a regional, to create a regional, multi multi-
state pathway that circumnavigates Yellowstone & Grand Teton National Yellowstone & Grand Teton National Parks Parks
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Driggs Driggs, Idaho , Idaho
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Tim Adams, Tim Adams, Teton Valley Trails and Pathways Teton Valley Trails and Pathways
PART 1 PART 1
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Determine your specific policy goal
Determine whether a new policy is needed
Assess political will and feasibility
Plan key activities
Link with experienced policy advocates
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Think clearly about what initiatives are most likely to have an impact likely to have an impact
Formulate realistic
environment environment
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Organizational
& Standards
Appointment Articulation Agreements
Regulatory
Rules
Orders
Fiscal
Budget Acts & Regulations
Legislative
Legal
Decisions
Slide courtesy of W. K. Kellogg Foundation Slide courtesy of W. K. Kellogg Foundation
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State/City/County Policymakers
Health Jurisdictions
Transportation Authorities
Planning and Zoning Powers
School Districts
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E Environmental nvironmental N Nutrition & utrition & A Activity ctivity C Community
T Tool
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Look at alternatives to legislation
Research existing policies
Work up the chain of command
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What is the political climate?
Can your policy get approved?
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Voter Poll: Voter Poll: “ “ I would support a I would support a…” …”
… …1% tax for sidewalks. . . . . . . . . . . . 1% tax for sidewalks. . . . . . . . . . . . 42% 42% … …2% tax for parks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 2% tax for parks. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49% 49% … …3% tax for parks and sidewalks. . . . 3% tax for parks and sidewalks. . . .57% 57%
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Write letter of support
Provide statistics for their district
Provide analysis of a bill
Provide testimony for a legislative hearing
Assist in developing model legislation
Provide a one page briefing following a media report
Provide testimony for a legislative hearing
Organize community partners to visit chairs of legislative committees with program staff committees with program staff
Invite participation in a press conference
Slides courtesy of Sue Gallagher, MPH, Public Health and Family Slides courtesy of Sue Gallagher, MPH, Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts Medicine, Tufts
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Garner lessons learned from experienced policy advocates
Identify political champions
Learn about the legislative process and strategies to advance your specific policy goals your specific policy goals
Develop a strategic plan
PART 2 PART 2
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Develop Local Partners and Supporters
Identify a Policy Champion in Government
Understand Your Opponents Opponents
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Pedestrian/ Pedestrian/ Bike Bike Organizations Organizations PTA PTA Public Public Health Health E l e c t e d E l e c t e d
f i c i a l s
f i c i a l s L a b
U n i
s L a b
U n i
s Health Care Health Care Providers Providers Faith Faith-
based
Boys Boys & Girls & Girls Clubs Clubs Environmental Environmental Groups Groups
Build relationships Build relationships
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Problem Definition Data Approaches/Outcomes Training
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Public Health MATH Implications Law Enforcement Transp. Engineering Optometry Planning
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Develop relationships with politicians and their staff their staff
Local “ “Meet and greet Meet and greet” ”
Keep in touch – – not one shot not one shot
Personal visits (face to face)
The “ “Ask Ask” ” – – know what you are asking know what you are asking
Adapted from Sue Gallagher, MPH, Public Health and Family Medici Adapted from Sue Gallagher, MPH, Public Health and Family Medicine, Tufts ne, Tufts
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Consider Consider interests and interests and values of values of stakeholders stakeholders
PART 3 PART 3
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Framing the Need for Change
Back up Ideas with Research
Calculate Costs and Savings
Using the Media
. .
Framing is how our minds Framing is how our minds recognize patterns of recognize patterns of ideas, categorize them, ideas, categorize them, and derive meaning. and derive meaning. Frames are important to Frames are important to advocates because they advocates because they influence how people influence how people react to ideas. react to ideas.
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… …an an important important starting starting point for any point for any policy policy intervention intervention
Photo courtesy of Get Moving Kern and Greenfield Walking Group Photo courtesy of Get Moving Kern and Greenfield Walking Group
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… …including costs of inaction including costs of inaction
In Lincoln, Nebraska: For every $1 investment in trails there was a $2.94 medical savings due to the physical activity levels of trail users
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Every $1 spent on effective school effective school-
based tobacco prevention programs prevention programs saves $3.60 in associated saves $3.60 in associated medical costs medical costs
Every $1 spent on employer breastfeeding support employer breastfeeding support saves $3 in medical and lost productivity costs saves $3 in medical and lost productivity costs
http:// http://www.preventioninstitute.org www.preventioninstitute.org/documents/ /documents/ PreventionforaHealthierAmerica_7_08.pdf PreventionforaHealthierAmerica_7_08.pdf
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Investment
SOURCE: SOURCE: Prevention for A Healthy America: Investments in Disease Prevent Prevention for A Healthy America: Investments in Disease Prevention Yield Significant Savings, ion Yield Significant Savings, Stronger Communities, Trust for America Stronger Communities, Trust for America’ ’s Health, July 2008 s Health, July 2008
$5.60 $5.60 Return on Investment Savings at 5 years
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Set the agenda for public Set the agenda for public debate and policy change debate and policy change
Blogs
Social Networking Sites
Streaming Video Sites
PART 4 PART 4
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Ensure implementation is achievable
Consider what the impact will be
Determine enforcement mechanisms mechanisms
Plan to evaluate policy impact
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A powerful A powerful argument for argument for expanding expanding policy policy
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Jim Lazar, Jim Lazar, Olympians for a Livable Community Committee Member Olympians for a Livable Community Committee Member
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Current US motorcycle and bicycle Current US motorcycle and bicycle helmet laws helmet laws -
June 2009
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David Brower, environmentalist
Identify common and divergent approaches
Take stock of individual and collective resources resources
Identify who (or what) is missing and tailor a pitch to engage more diverse partners pitch to engage more diverse partners
Forge comprehensive approaches and joint solutions solutions
Clarify how people from each discipline view and approach an issue differently view and approach an issue differently
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Problem Definition Data Approaches/Outcomes Training
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Public Health MATH Implications Law Enforcement Transp. Engineering Optometry Planning
Problem Definition Problem Definition Data Data Approaches/Outcomes Approaches/Outcomes Training Training
Average: Average: Sum: Sum: Sum/Average: Sum/Average: Product: Product:
Public Public Health Health MATH MATH Implications Implications Law Law Enforcement Enforcement Transp. Transp. Engineering Engineering Optometry Optometry Planning Planning
Average: Average: Problem Definition Problem Definition Sum: Sum: Data Data
Problem Definition Problem Definition Data Data Approaches/Outcomes Approaches/Outcomes Training Training
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Public Public Health Health MATH MATH Implications Implications Law Law Enforcement Enforcement Transp. Transp. Engineering Engineering Optometry Optometry Planning Planning
Average: Average: Problem Definition Problem Definition Sum: Sum: Data Data
Traffic safety is a community health problem
Problem Definition Problem Definition Data Data Approaches/Outcomes Approaches/Outcomes Training Training
Average: Average: Sum: Sum: Sum/Average: Sum/Average: Product: Product:
Public Public Health Health MATH MATH Implications Implications Law Law Enforcement Enforcement Transp. Transp. Engineering Engineering Optometry Optometry Planning Planning
Average: Average: Problem Definition Problem Definition Sum: Sum: Data Data
Traffic safety is a community health problem
Traffic safety can be affected by transportation system design & travel behavior
maps
speed counts Optimal visibility of signals & hazards improves traffic safety
performance
time to signals & signs Transportation infra- structure should promote safe & efficient travel
congestion studies
Traffic violations are a community safety issue
Problem Definition Problem Definition Data Data Approaches/Outcomes Approaches/Outcomes Training Training
Average: Average: Sum: Sum: Sum/Average: Sum/Average: Product: Product:
MATH MATH Implications Implications Transp. Transp. Engineering Engineering Optometry Optometry Planning Planning
Traffic safety can be affected by transporta- tion system design & travel behavior
surveys
cong., speed counts
vulnerable users
conflict between users
beh.
infrastructure
Optimal visibility of signals & hazards improves traffic safety
driver performance
signals & signs
signal & road designs
for licensing purposes
visualize traffic signs & signals Transportation infrastructure should promote safe & efficient travel
congestion studies
devices
sidewalks
roads
sidewalk design
Law Law Enforcement Enforcement
Traffic violations are a community safety issue
cupant restraint sys- tems
techniques
investigations
Public Public Health Health
Traffic safety is a community health problem:
rates
munities, individuals
tion on health
Collaboration Math Collaboration Math illustrates the range of strategies, illustrates the range of strategies, solutions, and outcomes that each participating group uses solutions, and outcomes that each participating group uses and can help diverse groups combine their various and can help diverse groups combine their various definitions, goals, and strategies through such processes as definitions, goals, and strategies through such processes as averaging averaging definitions, definitions, adding adding data sources, data sources, multiplying multiplying training efforts, and training efforts, and averaging averaging solutions. solutions.
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