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The science behind supplementary feeding John Roche, Principal - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Sep 07, 2022 109 likes •647 views

The science behind supplementary feeding John Roche, Principal Consultant, Down to Earth Advice John Roche, Down to Earth Advice Why farmers feed supplements? Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand John Roche, Down to Earth

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John Roche, Principal Consultant, Down to Earth Advice

The science behind supplementary feeding

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand Many reasons, but grouped into:

  • 1. Prevent BCS loss in early lactation (repro);
  • 2. ‘ease of management’;
  • 3. ‘cow-centric’ judgements;
  • 4. Increase MS production to increase profit.
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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand Many reasons, but grouped into:

  • 1. Prevent BCS loss in early lactation (repro);
  • 2. ‘ease of management’;
  • 3. ‘cow-centric’ judgements;
  • 4. Increase MS production to increase profit.
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A focus of our research…

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4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Body condition score, 1-10 scale Days post-calving

TMR Grazing

When comparing BCS of cows in TMR and grazing systems…

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4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Body condition score, 1-10 scale Days post-calving

TMR Grazing

When comparing BCS of cows in TMR and grazing systems…

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4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Body condition score, 1-10 scale Days post-calving

TMR Grazing

When comparing BCS of cows in TMR and grazing systems…

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4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 6.5 7.0 50 100 150 200 250 300 350 Body condition score, 1-10 scale Days post-calving

TMR Grazing

When comparing BCS of cows in TMR and grazing systems…

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand Many reasons, but grouped into:

  • 1. Prevent BCS loss in early lactation (repro);
  • 2. ‘ease of management’;
  • 3. ‘cow-centric’ judgements;
  • 4. Increase MS production to increase profit.

X

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Farm High Starch Low Starch 6-wk ICR 1 67 85 2 82 81 3 77 80 Empty 1 15 3 2 5 7 3 9 11

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Farm High Starch Low Starch 6-wk ICR 1 67 85 2 82 81 3 77 80 Empty 1 15 3 2 5 7 3 9 11

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Farm High Starch Low Starch 6-wk ICR 1 67 85 2 82 81 3 77 80 Empty 1 15 3 2 5 7 3 9 11

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Farm High Starch Low Starch 6-wk ICR 1 67 85 2 82 81 3 77 80 Empty 1 15 3 2 5 7 3 9 11

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Farm High Starch Low Starch 6-wk ICR 1 67 85 2 82 81 3 77 80 Empty 1 15 3 2 5 7 3 9 11

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Glucose infusion

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Glucose infusion

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Glucose infusion

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand Many reasons, but grouped into:

  • 1. Prevent BCS loss in early lactation (repro);
  • 2. ‘ease of management’;
  • 3. ‘cow-centric’ judgements;
  • 4. Increase MS production to increase profit.

X

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand Many reasons, but grouped into:

  • 1. Prevent BCS loss in early lactation;
  • 2. ‘ease of management’;
  • 3. ‘cow-centric’ judgements;
  • 4. Increase MS production to increase profit.
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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

66 149 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Low Medium High $3.00 $4.00 $5.00 $6.00 $7.00 $8.00

Marginal MS, kg/ha above Low input Input category Marginal cost of additional milk, $/kg MS

Marginal cost MS/ha RoA

Average of 3 years – 2011, 2012, 2013

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

2014-15 NZ Operating Profit ($/ha) vs Operating Expenses ($/kg MS)

Source: DairyNZ Economics Group

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Marginal cost-marginal benefit

$- $1.00 $2.00 $3.00 $4.00 $5.00 $6.00 $7.00 $8.00 $9.00 $10.00 $11.00

$/kgMS MS/ha

Marginal Cost Marginal Revenue

Profit is maximised At this quantity

Marginal milk is the additional (or reduced) milk when you make a system change.

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Average cost hides marginal losses

y = 5.15x - 15 R² = 0.74 5 10 15 20 3 4 5 6 7 Marginal cost of milk, $/kg MS Total costs, $/kg MS

$5.60 $10.75

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

66 149 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Low Medium High $3.00 $4.00 $5.00 $6.00 $7.00 $8.00

Marginal MS, kg/ha above Low input Input category Marginal cost of additional milk, $/kg MS

Marginal cost MS/ha RoA

Average of 3 years – 2011, 2012, 2013

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

$7.66 $7.50 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 Low Medium High $3.00 $4.00 $5.00 $6.00 $7.00 $8.00

Marginal MS, kg/ha above Low input Input category Marginal cost of additional milk, $/kg MS

Marginal cost MS/ha RoA

Average of 3 years – 2011, 2012, 2013

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Stocking rate 3.35 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha Supplements, t DM/cow

  • 1.3

1.1 CSR, kg Lwt/t feed DM 86 113 82 84 MS/ha, kg 1,199 1,175 1,745 1,584 MS/cow, kg 357 267 396 359 Op profit/ha 2,544 1,845 1,390 1,812 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 6.33 5.54 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 7.97 7.81

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Stocking rate 3.35 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha Supplements, t DM/cow

  • 1.3

1.1 CSR, kg Lwt/t feed DM 86 113 82 84 MS/ha, kg 1,199 1,175 1,745 1,584 MS/cow, kg 357 267 396 359 Op profit/ha 2,544 1,845 1,390 1,812 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 6.33 5.54 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 7.97 7.81

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Stocking rate 3.35 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha Supplements, t DM/cow

  • 1.3

1.1 CSR, kg Lwt/t feed DM 86 113 82 84 MS/ha, kg 1,199 1,175 1,745 1,584 MS/cow, kg 357 267 396 359 Op profit/ha 2,544 1,845 1,390 1,812 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 6.33 5.54 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 7.97 7.81

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Stocking rate 3.35 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha Supplements, t DM/cow

  • 1.3

1.1 CSR, kg Lwt/t feed DM 86 113 82 84 MS/ha, kg 1,199 1,175 1,745 1,584 MS/cow, kg 357 267 396 359 Op profit/ha 2,544 1,845 1,390 1,812 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 6.33 5.54 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 7.97 7.81

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Stocking rate 3.35 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha Supplements, t DM/cow

  • 1.3

1.1 CSR, kg Lwt/t feed DM 86 113 82 84 MS/ha, kg 1,199 1,175 1,745 1,584 MS/cow, kg 357 267 396 359 Op profit/ha 2,544 1,845 1,390 1,812 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 6.33 5.54 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 7.97 7.81

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The hidden costs of feeding

y = 1.18x + 636 R² = 0.99 y = 0.35x + 804 R² = 0.9965 500 750 1000 1250 1500 200 400 600 800 Variable & Fixed expenses,

€/ha

Feed expenses, €/ha

Source: Ramsbottom et al. 2015 Journal of Dairy Science.

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

The hidden costs of feeding

y = 1.18x + 636 R² = 0.99 y = 0.35x + 804 R² = 0.9965 500 750 1000 1250 1500 200 400 600 800 Variable & Fixed expenses,

€/ha

Feed expenses, €/ha

Source: Ramsbottom et al. 2015 Journal of Dairy Science.

For every €100 spent on feed total costs increase €153

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Hidden costs?

  • Waikato:

$1.68

  • Canterbury: $1.53
  • Ireland:

€1.53

  • UK:

£1.62

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand Many reasons, but grouped into:

  • 1. Prevent BCS loss in early lactation (repro);
  • 2. ‘ease of management’;
  • 3. ‘cow-centric’ judgements;
  • 4. Increase MS production to increase profit.

X

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Why farmers feed supplements?

Surveyed farmers in Ireland and New Zealand Many reasons, but grouped into:

  • 1. Prevent BCS loss in early lactation (repro);
  • 2. ‘ease of management’;
  • 3. ‘cow-centric’ judgements;
  • 4. Increase MS production to increase profit.

X X

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

One final cost! Environment

Two environmental concerns:

  • Nitrate leaching
  • Carbon footprint
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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Increasing stocking rate actually reduces NO3 leaching

y = -12x + 73 R² = 0.79 P = 0.06 10 20 30 40 50 60 2 4 6 Nitrate leached, kg/ha Stocking rate, cows/ha

For every extra cow/ha in a ‘closed’ system, NO3 leaching declines 12 kg/ha Reducing lactation length reduces NO3 leaching by 9 kg/ha for each month less in milk

y = 0.34x - 51 R² = 0.80 P < 0.05 10 20 30 40 50 60 200 225 250 275 300 Nitrate leached, kg/ha Lactation length, days

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Intensification with a cost

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Stocking rate Feed Intensification

y = 19x - 23 R² = 0.96 P < 0.01

20 40 60 80 100 120 5 10 Nitrate leached, kg/ha Stocking rate, cows/ha

Increasing stocking rate through purchased feeds increases NO3 leaching by 15-20 kg/ha per extra cow

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Invest in depreciating assets to reduce nitrate leaching

41 32 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 Control Standoff Nitrate leached/ha, kg

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Stocking rate 3.35 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha Supplements, t DM/cow

  • 1.3

1.1 CSR, kg Lwt/t feed DM 86 113 82 84 MS/ha, kg 1,199 1,175 1,745 1,584 MS/cow, kg 357 267 396 359 Op profit/ha 2,544 1,845 1,390 1,812 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 6.33 5.54 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 7.97 7.81 Cost of milk, $/kg MS

  • 7.97

8.81 Cost of milk, $/kg MS

  • 6.33

5.54

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Stocking rate 3.35 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha 4.41 cows/ha Supplements, t DM/cow

  • 1.3

1.1 CSR, kg Lwt/t feed DM 86 113 82 84 MS/ha, kg 1,199 1,175 1,745 1,584 MS/cow, kg 357 267 396 359 Op profit/ha 2,544 1,845 1,390 1,812 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 6.33 5.54 Marginal milk, $/kg MS * 7.97 7.81 Carbon Footprint, t CO2eq 87.5 95.0 128.0 113.0 Cost of milk, $/kg MS

  • 7.97

8.81 Cost of milk, $/kg MS

  • 6.33

5.54

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Summary

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Summary

Supplements can:

  • increase MS prodn/ha and per cow;
  • extend lactation length;
  • increase BCS in late lactation/dry

period; Supplements do not:

  • Prevent BCS loss in early lactation;
  • Improve reproduction;
  • Reduce workload on farm;
  • Improve farm profitability!
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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

Thank you

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 John Roche, Down to Earth Advice

john.roche@downtoearthadvice.com Down to Earth Advice Ltd @down2earth_john

Contact me: Follow me: “Rest satisfied with doing well, and leave others to talk of you as they please” — Pythagoras