The robust grasshopper Brachaspis robustus Jennifer Schori Tara - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

the robust grasshopper
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The robust grasshopper Brachaspis robustus Jennifer Schori Tara - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The robust grasshopper Brachaspis robustus Jennifer Schori Tara Murray (UC Forestry) & Tammy Steeves (UC SBS) Conservation translocation The intentional movement and release of a living organism where the primary objective is a


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The robust grasshopper

Jennifer Schori Tara Murray (UC Forestry) & Tammy Steeves (UC SBS) Brachaspis robustus

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Achieving a conservation benefit

  • Optimise founder populations
  • Remove driver of population decline

“ The intentional movement and release of a living organism where the primary objective is a conservation benefit ”

– IUCN 2013

Conservation translocation

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SLIDE 3

Achieving a conservation benefit

  • Optimise founder populations
  • Remove driver of population decline

“ The intentional movement and release of a living organism where the primary objective is a conservation benefit ”

– IUCN 2013

Conservation translocation

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SLIDE 4

Optimise founder populations

  • Reproductively viable individuals
  • Minimal loss of reproductive individuals
  • Populations which can maintain genetic diversity over time
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SLIDE 5
  • Polygamous mating system

Males and females mate with multiple individuals of the opposite sex

  • Females lay 1 – 2 egg batches in a

season (probably more)

  • Egg batches contain between 17

and 35 eggs

Reproduction and development

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SLIDE 6

Proposed life cycle

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SLIDE 7

Achieving a conservation benefit

  • Optimise founder populations
  • Remove driver of population decline

“ The intentional movement and release of a living organism where the primary objective is a conservation benefit ”

– IUCN 2013

Conservation translocation

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SLIDE 8

Could it be predatory mammals?

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SLIDE 9

Nocturnal behaviour of adult females is highly vulnerable to predation by nocturnal mammals

Nocturnal behaviour

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Evidence from other Mackenzie grasshoppers?

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No predator control Predator control

50 100 150 200 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Max count

Upper Ohau

50 100 150 200 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Max count

Tekapo

50 100 150 200 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 2017 Max count

Lower Ohau

Counted 14 more individuals on average each year

p = 0.06 p = 0.34 p = 0.16

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SLIDE 12

Experimental translocation

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10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Feb Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec Jan Jan Jan Feb

Population Size Recapture Occasion Observed: PRA Observed: Non PRA PRA = Predator Reduced Area Non PRA = Non Predator Reduced Area

Translocated robust grasshoppers

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SLIDE 14

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Feb Feb Feb Mar Mar Apr Sep Oct Oct Nov Nov Dec Dec Jan Jan Jan Feb

Population Size Recapture Occasion Observed: PRA Observed: Non PRA Estimated: PRA Estimated: Non PRA PRA = Predator Reduced Area Non PRA = Non Predator Reduced Area

Translocated robust grasshoppers

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SLIDE 15

Minnow trapping:

Only caught 2 lizards!

https://www.jonesfish.com/
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Minnow trapping:

Only caught 2 lizards!

Visual searches:

6 vs. 18

In PRA In Non PRA

https://www.jonesfish.com/
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Minnow trapping:

Only caught 2 lizards!

Visual searches: Tracking tunnels:

Fewer hedgehogs in PRA

(p=<0.001, df=)

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Cat Hedgehog Mouse Mustelid Skink Gecko Tracking rate

PRA Non PRA

*

6 vs. 18

In PRA In Non PRA

https://www.jonesfish.com/ http://sciencelearn.org.nz/
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Linking decline to mammalian predation

  • Multiple pressures during translocation

Stress, dispersal, starvation

  • Mammalian predators in both areas

Only hedgehogs present in significantly lower abundance

  • More predators than just mammals

Birds, skinks, predatory invertebrates

  • Very difficult to determine cause of death

Continuous moulting, highly cryptic

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SLIDE 19

Conclusion: Moderate predator control not sufficient

Linking decline to mammalian predation

  • Multiple pressures during translocation

Stress, dispersal, starvation

  • Mammalian predators in both areas

Only hedgehogs present in significantly lower abundance

  • More predators than just mammals

Birds, skinks, predatory invertebrates

  • Very difficult to determine cause of death

Continuous moulting, highly cryptic

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SLIDE 20

Acknowledgements

Many thanks to: Tara Murray, Tammy Steeves, Carol Burke, Richard Maloney and DOC Twizel staff Department of Conservation Environment Canterbury Forest and Bird, JS Watson Trust, Stocker Scholarship NZFGW Canterbury Branch, Sadie Balkind Award University of Canterbury, Doctoral Scholarship And everyone else who has helped along the way!