THE PROTOSTOMES M O L L U S C A , A N N E L I DA , A RT H RO P O DA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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THE PROTOSTOMES M O L L U S C A , A N N E L I DA , A RT H RO P O DA - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Dec 17, 2022 125 likes •469 views

THE PROTOSTOMES M O L L U S C A , A N N E L I DA , A RT H RO P O DA Radiata Bilateria Eumetazoa Parazoa no true tissues Multicellularity DEUTEROSTOMES PROTOSTOMES mouth second mouth first COMMON FEATURES Features Mollusca

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M O L L U S C A , A N N E L I DA , A RT H RO P O DA

THE PROTOSTOMES

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Parazoa no true tissues Eumetazoa Multicellularity Radiata Bilateria

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PROTOSTOMES “mouth first” DEUTEROSTOMES “mouth second”

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COMMON FEATURES

Features Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda # of germ layers triploblasts type of symmetry bilaterally-symmetric body cavity coelom present fate of blastopore mouth develops first type of digestive system complete digestive system

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DISTINGUISHING FEATURES

Features Mollusca Annelida Arthropoda Etymology molluscus, “soft”

annellus “little ring” arthron + podos “joint foot”

General description

soft-bodied animals with an external or internal shell soft, segmented worms segmented body, tough exoskeleton, jointed appendages

# of species ~100,000 spp. ~15,000 sp. ~750,000 sp. (highest sp. diversity)

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MOLLUSK BODY PLAN

  • muscular foot
  • mantle
  • calcium carbonate shell
  • visceral mass

http://www.bio.miami.edu/dana/pix/ham.jpg, http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/16cm05/1116/33-21-ClamAnatomy-L.jpg, , http://images.encarta.msn.com/xrefmedia/aencmed/targets/illus/ilt/T010708A.gif

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ANNELID BODY PLAN

  • metameres
  • r segments
  • septa
  • setae or

chaetae

  • sense
  • rgans
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ARTHROPOD BODY PLAN

  • body segments
  • exoskeleton of

protein + chitin

  • appendages that

extend from the body wall

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Phylum Mollusca (L. molluscus, “soft”) Feeding

  • herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites
  • filter feeders: incurrent/excurrent siphon, mucus & cilia on gills
  • radula

Respiration

  • aquatic: gills inside mantle cavity
  • terrestrial: constantly moist & highly vascularized mantle cavity

Circulation

  • open circulatory system (snails, clams): sinus
  • closed circulatory system (squid, octopuses)

Excretion

  • nephridia

Response

  • simple nervous system (bivalves)
  • highly-developed nervous system (squid, octopuses)

Movement

  • foot + mucus (snails)
  • jet propulsion (octopuses)

Reproduction • external fertilization (snails, bivalves)

  • internal fertilization (cephalopods, some snails)
  • hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
  • trochophore larvae
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Phylum Mollusca

Gastropoda snails and slugs Cephalopoda

  • ctopuses,squids,

cuttlefish, Nautilus Bivalvia clams, oysters, mussels, scallops Scaphopoda tusk shells Aplacophora, Monoplacophora, Polyplacophora chiton

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Feeding

  • herbivores, carnivores, filter feeders, detritivores, parasites
  • filter feeders: incurrent/excurrent siphon, mucus & cilia on

gills in bivalves

  • radula in gastropods
  • jaws in cephalopods
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Respiration

  • aquatic: gills inside mantle cavity
  • terrestrial: constantly moist & highly vascularized

lung in mantle cavity

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Circulation

  • open circulatory system (snails, clams): sinus
  • closed circulatory system (squid, octopuses)

http://chsweb.lr.k12.nj.us/mstanley/outlines/circulation/Circulation_files/image013.gif

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Excretion

  • nephridia
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Response

  • simple nervous system (bivalves)
  • highly-developed nervous system (squid,
  • ctopuses)

http://classconnection.s3.amazonaws.com/754/flashcards/566754/png/49.21320629922544.png

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Movement

  • foot + mucus (snails)
  • jet propulsion (octopuses)
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Reproduction • external fertilization (snails, bivalves)

  • internal fertilization (cephalopods, some snails)
  • hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
  • trochophore larvae
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Phylum Annelida (L. annellus, “ring”) Feeding

  • herbivores, carnivores, detritivores
  • pharynx

Respiration

  • aquatic: through gills in their chaetae
  • terrestrial: diffusion through moist skin

Circulation

  • closed circulatory system (blood vessels and multiple

hearts)

Excretion

  • nephridia in each segment

Response

  • highly-developed nervous system

Movement

  • terrestrial: contraction of longitudinal and circular

muscles against the hydrostatic skeleton

  • aquatic: paddling of the parapodia

Reproduction • asexual: fragmentation, budding in aquatic forms

  • some hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
  • internal fertilization in most
  • trochophore larvae in marine forms
  • eggs in cocoons in terrestrial forms
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Respiration

  • aquatic: through gills in their chaetae
  • terrestrial: diffusion through moist skin
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Circulation

  • closed circulatory system (blood vessels and

multiple hearts)

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Reproduction • asexual: fragmentation, budding in aquatic forms

  • some hermaphroditic, cross-fertilization
  • internal fertilization in most
  • trochophore larvae in marine forms
  • eggs in cocoons in terrestrial forms
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Phylum Annelida

Oligochaeta earthworms, Tubifex Polychaeta bristle worms, sandworm, clamworm Hirudinea leeches

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Phylum Arthropoda (G. arthron + podos, “joint foot”) Feeding

  • herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, bloodsuckers, filter

feeders, detritivores, parasites

  • fangs, proboscis, sickle-shaped jaws, pincers

Respiration

  • terrestrial: spiracles and tracheal tubes or book lungs in

spiders

  • aquatic: feather-like gills in lobsters, crabs and book gills

in horseshoe crabs

Circulation

  • open circulatory system (heart  blood vessels 

sinuses  heart)

Excretion

  • aquatic: diffusion
  • terrestrial: Malpighian tubules

Response

  • highly-developed nervous system with brain, nerve

cords, ganglia, and sense organs

Movement

  • well-developed muscle groups
  • exoskeleton

Reproduction

  • aquatic: internal/external fertilization
  • terrestrial: internal fertilization
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Phylum Arthropoda

Crustaceans crabs, crayfish, lobsters, barnacles, shrimps Chelicerates horseshoe crab, ticks, spiders, mites, scorpions Uniramia centipedes, millipedes, insects Trilobita trilobites (extinct)

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Feeding

  • herbivores, carnivores, omnivores, bloodsuckers,

filter feeders, detritivores, parasites

  • fangs, proboscis, sickle-shaped jaws, pincers
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Respiration

  • terrestrial: spiracles and tracheal tubes or book

lungs in spiders

  • aquatic: feather-like gills in lobsters, crabs and

book gills in horseshoe crabs

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Circulation

  • open circulatory system (heart  blood vessels

 sinuses  heart)

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Excretion

  • aquatic: diffusion
  • terrestrial: Malpighian tubules
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Response

  • highly-developed nervous system with brain,

nerve cords, ganglia, and sense organs

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http://www.arthursclipart.org/biologya/biology/crustaceans%204.gif

  • 2 pairs of antennae,
  • pair of mandibles
  • pair of compound eyes
  • pair of many-branched appendages per segment
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  • Pair of chelicerae
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  • Single-branching appendages
  • 2 pairs per segment in millipedes
  • 1 pair per segment in centipedes
  • Pair of antennae
  • Mandibles and maxillae
  • *insects are the only invertebrates to have developed flight
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