Social (Media) Jet Lag: how usage of social technology can modulate - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Social (Media) Jet Lag: how usage of social technology can modulate and reflect circadian rhythms

Elizabeth Murnane, Saeed Abdullah, Mark Matthews, Tanzeem Choudhury, Geri Gay

Motivation

Circadian-Aware Sensing and Intervention

Sleep Disorders

Motivation Method Findings

• An “epidemic”
• 50-70 million people affected

!

• Annual cost
• $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect

Sleep Disorders

Motivation Method Findings

• An “epidemic”
• 50-70 million people affected

!

• Annual cost
• $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect

Sleep Disorders

Motivation Method Findings

• An “epidemic”
• 50-70 million people affected

!

• Annual cost
• $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect

Sleep Disorders

Motivation Method Findings

• An “epidemic”
• 50-70 million people affected

!

• Annual cost
• $14 billion direct, $150 billion indirect

Chronobiology

Motivation Method Findings

Chronobiology

Motivation Method Findings

• Circadian rhythms
• (‘circa’ = about, ‘dia’ = day)

Chronobiology

Motivation Method Findings

• Circadian rhythms
• (‘circa’ = about, ‘dia’ = day)
• Chronotype
• early birds, night owls

Chronobiology

Motivation Method Findings

• Circadian rhythms
• (‘circa’ = about, ‘dia’ = day)
• Chronotype
• early birds, night owls

Chronobiology

Motivation Method Findings

• Body clocks vs.

social clocks

• Circadian rhythms
• (‘circa’ = about, ‘dia’ = day)
• Chronotype
• early birds, night owls

Sleep Sensing & Intervention

Motivation Method Findings

• Generic recommendations
• “End caffeine consumption 8- 14 hours

before bedtime”

• Treating symptoms of a broken clock

Motivation Method Findings

Circadian-Aware Sensing

Motivation Method Findings

• ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014)
• New contributions:
• How technology use interacts with sleep
• Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond

sleep (attention, cognition, mood)

• Social-sensing methodology

Circadian-Aware Sensing

Motivation Method Findings

• ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014)
• New contributions:
• How technology use interacts with sleep
• Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond

sleep (attention, cognition, mood)

• Social-sensing methodology

Circadian-Aware Sensing

Motivation Method Findings

• ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014)
• New contributions:
• How technology use interacts with sleep
• Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond

sleep (attention, cognition, mood)

• Social-sensing methodology

Circadian-Aware Sensing

Motivation Method Findings

• ClockWise (Abdullah et al., 2014)
• New contributions:
• How technology use interacts with sleep
• Broader set of neurobehavioral functions beyond

sleep (attention, cognition, mood)

• Social-sensing methodology

Circadian-Aware Sensing

Method

Participants & Data

Undergraduate Students

Motivation Method Findings

• Late types
• Severe social jet lag
• Chronic lost and interrupted sleep
• Poor academic performance, increased stress,

mental health problems, drug and alcohol use

• Heavy technology users
• 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones,

90% regularly use social media

Undergraduate Students

• Late types
• Severe social jet lag
• Chronic lost and interrupted sleep
• Poor academic performance, increased stress,

mental health problems, drug and alcohol use

• Heavy technology users
• 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones,

90% regularly use social media

Motivation Method Findings

Undergraduate Students

• Late types
• Severe social jet lag
• Chronic lost and interrupted sleep
• Poor academic performance, increased stress,

mental health problems, drug and alcohol use

• Heavy technology users
• 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones,

90% regularly use social media

Motivation Method Findings

Undergraduate Students

• Late types
• Severe social jet lag
• Chronic lost and interrupted sleep
• Poor academic performance, increased stress,

mental health problems, drug and alcohol use

• Heavy technology users
• 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones,

90% regularly use social media

Motivation Method Findings

Undergraduate Students

• Late types
• Severe social jet lag
• Chronic lost and interrupted sleep
• Poor academic performance, increased stress,

mental health problems, drug and alcohol use

• Heavy technology users
• 83% own smartphones, 90% sleep with phones,

90% regularly use social media

Motivation Method Findings

Data

• Social-sensor data
• Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use)
• Facebook posts
• Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ)
• Corrected mid-sleep on free days (MSFsc)
• Sleep diaries
• Interviews

Motivation Method Findings

Data

• Social-sensor data
• Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use)
• Facebook posts
• Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ)
• Corrected mid-sleep on free days (MSFsc)
• Sleep diaries
• Interviews

Motivation Method Findings

Data

• Social-sensor data
• Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use)
• Facebook posts
• Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ)
• Corrected mid-sleep on free days (MSFsc)
• Sleep diaries
• Interviews

Motivation Method Findings

Data

• Social-sensor data
• Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use)
• Facebook posts
• Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ)
• Corrected mid-sleep on free days (MSFsc)
• Sleep diaries
• Interviews

Motivation Method Findings

Data

• Social-sensor data
• Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use)
• Facebook posts
• Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ)
• Corrected mid-sleep on free days (MSFsc)
• Sleep diaries
• Interviews

Motivation Method Findings

Data

• Social-sensor data
• Phone probes (call, SMS, social media app use)
• Facebook posts
• Munich Chronotype Questionnaire (MCTQ)
• Corrected mid-sleep on free days (MSFsc)
• Sleep diaries
• Interviews

Motivation Method Findings

Study

• 9 participants
• Sample MSFsc=05:34; N=281 MSFsc=05:46
• 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring)
• 600 data points of sleep information
• 17,000 socially-sensed usage events

Motivation Method Findings

Study

• 9 participants
• Sample MSFsc=05:34; N=281 MSFsc=05:46
• 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring)
• 600 data points of sleep information
• 17,000 socially-sensed usage events

Motivation Method Findings

Study

• 9 participants
• Sample MSFsc=05:34; N=281 MSFsc=05:46
• 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring)
• 600 data points of sleep information
• 17,000 socially-sensed usage events

Motivation Method Findings

Study

• 9 participants
• Sample MSFsc=05:34; N=281 MSFsc=05:46
• 97 days (Fall - Winter - Spring)
• 600 data points of sleep information
• 17,000 socially-sensed usage events

Motivation Method Findings

Findings

Results & Implications for Design

Technological Rhythms

Motivation Method Findings

8 9 10 11 12 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 1 2 3 4 5

Overall Phone Calls Text Messages Social Media Apps Facebook Posts

14 7am

pm

12am 12 10 8 4 6 2 Mean # per day

Sleep Onset and Duration

Motivation Method Findings

• Sleep onset
• Within 49 minutes of usage on average
• Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM
• Sleep duration
• 7-8 hours: 49.1%
• Under 6: 23.3%
• Over 10: 15.2%

Sleep Onset and Duration

Motivation Method Findings

• Sleep onset
• Within 49 minutes of usage on average
• Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM
• Sleep duration
• 7-8 hours: 49.1%
• Under 6: 23.3%
• Over 10: 15.2%

Sleep Onset and Duration

Motivation Method Findings

• Sleep onset
• Within 49 minutes of usage on average
• Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM
• Sleep duration
• 7-8 hours: 49.1%
• Under 6: 23.3%
• Over 10: 15.2%

Sleep Onset and Duration

Motivation Method Findings

• Sleep onset
• Within 49 minutes of usage on average
• Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM
• Sleep duration
• 7-8 hours: 49.1%
• Under 6: 23.3%
• Over 10: 15.2%

Sleep Onset and Duration

Motivation Method Findings

• Sleep onset
• Within 49 minutes of usage on average
• Average onset = 1:36 — 2:14 AM
• Sleep duration
• 7-8 hours: 49.1%
• Under 6: 23.3%
• Over 10: 15.2%

Motivation Method Findings

• Inferring sleep events
• Assessing circadian disruption
• Scissors of sleep
• Social jet lag - across days
• Social jet lag - across weeks
• Sleep inertia
• Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning
• Attention
• Cognition
• Mood

Socially-Sensed Sleep

Socially-Sensed Sleep

Motivation Method Findings

• Inferring sleep events
• Assessing circadian disruption
• Scissors of sleep
• Social jet lag - across days
• Social jet lag - across weeks
• Sleep inertia
• Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning
• Attention
• Cognition
• Mood

Socially-Sensed Sleep

Motivation Method Findings

• Inferring sleep events
• Assessing circadian disruption
• Scissors of sleep
• Social jet lag - across days
• Social jet lag - across weeks
• Sleep inertia
• Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning
• Attention
• Cognition
• Mood

Inferring Sleep Events

Motivation Method Findings

Inferring Sleep Events

Motivation Method Findings

• Within 23 minutes of

ground truth diary

• As accurate as

intrusive methods

• More pervasive than

method-based method

Inferring Sleep Events

Motivation Method Findings

• Within 23 minutes of

ground truth diary

• As accurate as

intrusive methods

• More pervasive than

phone-based method

Inferring Sleep Events

Motivation Method Findings

• Within 23 minutes of

ground truth diary

• As accurate as

intrusive methods

• More pervasive than

phone-based method

Inferring Sleep Events

Motivation Method Findings

• Overestimation
• Underestimation

Inferring Sleep Events

Motivation Method Findings

• Overestimation
• Underestimation

Socially-Sensed Sleep

Motivation Method Findings

• Inferring sleep events
• Assessing circadian disruption
• Scissors of sleep
• Social jet lag - across days
• Social jet lag - across weeks
• Sleep inertia
• Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning
• Attention
• Cognition
• Mood

• Chronic work day vs. free day sleep discrepancy
• Physical health consequences
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer
• Mental health problems
• Bipolar disorder, depression
• Increased risk of drug and alcohol abuse
• Cognitive impairments and learning deficits

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• Chronic work day vs. free day sleep discrepancy
• Physical health consequences
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer
• Mental health problems
• Bipolar disorder, depression
• Increased risk of drug and alcohol abuse
• Cognitive impairments and learning deficits

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• Chronic work day vs. free day sleep discrepancy
• Physical health consequences
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer
• Mental health problems
• Bipolar disorder, depression
• Increased risk of drug and alcohol abuse
• Cognitive impairments and learning deficits

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• Chronic work day vs. free day sleep discrepancy
• Physical health consequences
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer
• Mental health problems
• Bipolar disorder, depression
• Increased risk of drug and alcohol abuse
• Cognitive impairments and learning deficits

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• Chronic work day vs. free day sleep discrepancy
• Physical health consequences
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer
• Mental health problems
• Bipolar disorder, depression
• Increased risk of drug and alcohol abuse
• Cognitive impairments and learning deficits

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• Chronic work day vs. free day sleep discrepancy
• Physical health consequences
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer
• Mental health problems
• Bipolar disorder, depression
• Increased risk of drug and alcohol abuse
• Cognitive impairments and learning deficits

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• Chronic work day vs. free day sleep discrepancy
• Physical health consequences
• Cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer
• Mental health problems
• Bipolar disorder, depression
• Increased risk of drug and alcohol abuse
• Cognitive impairments and learning deficits

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

Motivation Method Findings

• MS = |MSF - MSW|

Social Jet Lag

• MS = |MSF - MSW|

Chronotype (MSF) Social Jet Lag (minutes) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 3:00-4:00am 4:00-5:00 5:00-6:00 6:00-7:00

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• MS = |MSF - MSW|

Chronotype (MSF) Social Jet Lag (minutes) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 3:00-4:00am 4:00-5:00 5:00-6:00 6:00-7:00

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

• MS = |MSF - MSW|

Chronotype (MSF) Social Jet Lag (minutes) 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 3:00-4:00am 4:00-5:00 5:00-6:00 6:00-7:00

Social Jet Lag

Motivation Method Findings

Socially-Sensed Sleep

• Inferring sleep events
• Assessing circadian disruption
• Scissors of sleep
• Social jet lag - across days
• Social jet lag - across weeks
• Sleep inertia
• Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning
• Attention
• Cognition
• Mood

Motivation Method Findings

Socially-Sensed Sleep

• Inferring sleep events
• Assessing circadian disruption
• Scissors of sleep
• Social jet lag - across days
• Social jet lag - across weeks
• Sleep inertia
• Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning
• Attention
• Cognition
• Mood

Motivation Method Findings

Monitoring Neurobehavioral Functioning

• Social-sensor features
• Adequate (7-9 hours) vs. inadequate sleep

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

Motivation Method Findings

Attention

degraded self-regulation inadequate sleep inattention cyberloafing

“If I’m more tired, I’m less able to pay attention in class and more likely to use phone to avoid falling asleep or get bored more easily”

Features

• Volume: # social interactions daily (between wake and sleep)
• Burstiness: Max # interactions in any single hour of day
• Frequency: # of hours between successive interactions

Motivation Method Findings

Cognitive Performance

impairs cognition, learning, and problem solving inadequate sleep

Features

• LIX: Readability index for difficulty of reading a piece of text

(Facebook post) = % words >= 7 letters + words per sentence

• TReDIX: LIX-based measure adapted for social media content

= total # of words >= 7 letters posted during time period T

total # posts during T

Motivation Method Findings

Cognitive Performance

impairs cognition, learning, and problem solving inadequate sleep

Features

• LIX: Readability index for difficulty of reading a piece of text

(Facebook post) = % words >= 7 letters + words per sentence

• TReDIX: LIX-based measure adapted for social media content

= total # of words >= 7 letters posted during time period T

total # posts during T

Motivation Method Findings

Cognitive Performance

impairs cognition, learning, and problem solving inadequate sleep

Features

• LIX: Readability index for difficulty of reading a piece of text

(Facebook post) = % words >= 7 letters + words per sentence

• TReDIX: LIX-based measure adapted for social media content

= total # of words >= 7 letters posted during time period T

total # posts during T

Motivation Method Findings

Cognitive Performance

impairs cognition, learning, and problem solving inadequate sleep

Features

• LIX: Readability index for difficulty of reading a piece of text

(Facebook post) = % words >= 7 letters + words per sentence

• TReDIX: LIX-based measure adapted for social media content

= total # of words >= 7 letters posted during time period T

total # posts during T

Motivation Method Findings

Cognitive Performance

impairs cognition, learning, and problem solving inadequate sleep

Features

• LIX: Readability index for difficulty of reading a piece of text

(Facebook post) = % words >= 7 letters + words per sentence

• TReDIX: LIX-based measure adapted for social media content

= total # of words >= 7 letters posted during time period T

total # posts during T

Motivation Method Findings

Mood

negative emotions, tension, nervousness, irritability inadequate sleep

• Sentiment Intensity Rate: Positive or negative intensity of emotions

total # posts during T language in posts during time period T = sum of valence intensity of positive or negative Features

Motivation Method Findings

Mood

negative emotions, tension, nervousness, irritability inadequate sleep

• Sentiment Intensity Rate: Positive or negative intensity of emotions

total # posts during T language in posts during time period T = sum of valence intensity of positive or negative Features

Motivation Method Findings

Mood

negative emotions, tension, nervousness, irritability inadequate sleep

• Sentiment Intensity Rate: Positive or negative intensity of emotions

total # posts during T language in posts during time period T = sum of valence intensity of positive or negative Features

Motivation Method Findings

Socially-Sensed Sleep

• Inferring sleep events
• Assessing circadian disruption
• Scissors of sleep
• Social jet lag - across days
• Social jet lag - across weeks
• Sleep inertia
• Monitoring neurobehavioral functioning
• Attention
• Cognition
• Mood

Motivation Method Findings

Designing Circadian-Aware Technology

• Diagnosing and predicting circadian disruption
• Reflective feedback
• Circadian-aware personalization
• Sleep advice
• Activity scheduling and recommendation
• Light therapy and medication administration

Motivation Method Findings

Designing Circadian-Aware Technology

• Diagnosing and predicting circadian disruption
• Reflective feedback
• Circadian-aware personalization
• Sleep advice
• Activity scheduling and recommendation
• Light therapy and medication administration

Motivation Method Findings

Designing Circadian-Aware Technology

• Diagnosing and predicting circadian disruption
• Reflective feedback
• Circadian-aware personalization
• Sleep advice
• Activity scheduling and recommendation
• Light therapy and medication administration

Motivation Method Findings

Designing Circadian-Aware Technology

• Diagnosing and predicting circadian disruption
• Reflective feedback
• Circadian-aware personalization
• Sleep advice
• Activity scheduling and recommendation
• Light therapy and medication administration

Motivation Method Findings

Designing Circadian-Aware Technology

• Diagnosing and predicting circadian disruption
• Reflective feedback
• Circadian-aware personalization
• Sleep advice
• Activity scheduling and recommendation
• Light therapy and medication administration

Motivation Method Findings

Designing Circadian-Aware Technology

• Diagnosing and predicting circadian disruption
• Reflective feedback
• Circadian-aware personalization
• Sleep advice
• Activity scheduling and recommendation
• Light therapy and medication administration

Motivation Method Findings

Designing Circadian-Aware Technology

• Diagnosing and predicting circadian disruption
• Reflective feedback
• Circadian-aware personalization
• Sleep advice
• Activity scheduling and recommendation
• Light therapy and medication administration

Motivation Method Findings

Summary

• Motivation
• Social-sensing for circadian monitoring
• Analyses
• Inferring sleep onset, waking, and duration
• Assessing circadian disruption — social jet lag
• Adequate vs. inadequate sleep — attention, cognition, mood
• Recommendations for circadian-aware technology
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Personalization

Motivation Method Findings

Summary

• Motivation
• Social-sensing for circadian monitoring
• Analyses
• Inferring sleep onset, waking, and duration
• Assessing circadian disruption — social jet lag
• Adequate vs. inadequate sleep — attention, cognition, mood
• Recommendations for circadian-aware technology
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Personalization

Motivation Method Findings

Summary

• Motivation
• Social-sensing for circadian monitoring
• Analyses
• Inferring sleep onset, waking, and duration
• Assessing circadian disruption — social jet lag
• Adequate vs. inadequate sleep — attention, cognition, mood
• Recommendations for circadian-aware technology
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Personalization

Motivation Method Findings

Summary

• Motivation
• Social-sensing for circadian monitoring
• Analyses
• Inferring sleep onset, waking, and duration
• Assessing circadian disruption — social jet lag
• Adequate vs. inadequate sleep — attention, cognition, mood
• Recommendations for circadian-aware technology
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Personalization

Motivation Method Findings

Summary

Motivation Method Findings

• Motivation
• Social-sensing for circadian monitoring
• Analyses
• Inferring sleep onset, waking, and duration
• Assessing circadian disruption — social jet lag
• Adequate vs. inadequate sleep — attention, cognition, mood
• Recommendations for circadian-aware technology
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Personalization

Motivation Method Findings

Summary

• Motivation
• Social-sensing for circadian monitoring
• Analyses
• Inferring sleep onset, waking, and duration
• Assessing circadian disruption — social jet lag
• Adequate vs. inadequate sleep — attention, cognition, mood
• Recommendations for circadian-aware technology
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Personalization

Motivation Method Findings

Thank You! Questions?

Elizabeth Murnane elm236@cornell.edu

• Motivation
• Social-sensing for circadian monitoring
• Analyses
• Inferring sleep onset, waking, and duration
• Assessing circadian disruption — social jet lag
• Adequate vs. inadequate sleep — attention, cognition, mood
• Recommendations for circadian-aware technology
• Diagnosis
• Intervention
• Personalization

Social (Media) Jet Lag: how usage of social technology can modulate and reflect circadian rhythms