The Necessity of Energy Conservation The Necessity of Energy - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

The Necessity of Energy Conservation in the Buildings Sector, and Tokyo’s Policies The Necessity of Energy Conservation in the Buildings Sector, and Tokyo’s Policies

Shuzo Murakami Shuzo Murakami

Chief Executive, Building Research Institute Chief Executive, Building Research Institute

2011.9.26 UIA 2011 Tokyo, TMG Green Building Forum 2011.9.26 UIA 2011 Tokyo, TMG Green Building Forum

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Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

2 It is urgent that reducing L in developed countries, while Q be improved and halting the rise of L in developing countries It is urgent that reducing L in developed countries, while Q be improved and halting the rise of L in developing countries The risk to the sustainability of the globe and human beings is clear The risk to the sustainability of the globe and human beings is clear

Q: Human Development Index L: Ecological Footprint Q: Human Development Index L: Ecological Footprint

Demanded level of energy savings and CO2 reductions Demanded level of energy savings and CO2 reductions

Source: Global Footprint Network, How We Can Bend the Curve, Global Footprint Network 2009 Annual Report Source: Global Footprint Network, How We Can Bend the Curve, Global Footprint Network 2009 Annual Report

• 1. Global and Human Sustainability

Evaluation: Based on Q and L

• 1. Global and Human Sustainability

Evaluation: Based on Q and L

小 大 低 高

4 6 8 10 12 2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0

L (環境負荷)*2 Q

( 生活の質、 豊かさ )

*1

地球と人類 双方にとって 持続可能な 領域

発展途上国 先進国

（最悪） （最良） （人間的・文化的生活水準の境界） （ 環境負荷の限界）

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

Sharply rising commercial & residential sector Sharply rising commercial & residential sector

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• 2. Energy Consumption Trends in the Commercial

& Residential, Industry, and Transport Sectors

World-wide trend World-wide trend

Source: National Institute for Environmental Studies Greenhouse Gas Inventory Office (FY2008 preliminary report) CO2 Emissions Trends (since 1990) (Energy Source Co2)

Yr

‐20% ‐10% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008

1997

(Kyoto Protocol)

Industry

13% reduction (from1990) 1.0-fold increase(from1973)

Commercial & Residential (Buildings)

38% increase (from1990) 2.5-fold increase (from1973)

Transportation

9% increase (from1990) 2.0-fold increase (from1973)

(As of end of FY2008)

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

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Further energy conservation and CO2 emissions reductions expected in the buildings sector Further energy conservation and CO2 emissions reductions expected in the buildings sector

Estimated reduction potentials by sector by 2030 (IPCC) Estimated reduction potentials by sector by 2030 (IPCC)

GtCO2-eq / Yr (Marginal CO2 reduction cost assumed $50 or less) 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

Non-OECD EIT World Total OECD

Source: 4th IPCC Report 2007

Energy Supply Transport Buildings Industry Agriculture Forestry Waste

• 3. Enormous CO2 Emissions Reduction

Potential in the Buildings Sector

• 3. Enormous CO2 Emissions Reduction

Potential in the Buildings Sector

Accelerating introduction of energy conservation measures in EU and the rest

• f the world

Accelerating introduction of energy conservation measures in EU and the rest

• f the world

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

Commercial sector

• Approx. 50% increase

Residential sector

• Approx. 30% increase

Commercial sector

• Approx. 50% increase

Residential sector

• Approx. 30% increase

1) 1990 to 2005 1) 1990 to 2005 2) Need for large-scale reductions within consumer & residential sector in order to meet the nation

• 4. Midterm Target (-25%) and a Paradigm Shift
• n Building Energy Conservation
• 4. Midterm Target (-25%) and a Paradigm Shift
• n Building Energy Conservation

a midterm objectives 2) Need for large-scale reductions within consumer & residential sector in order to meet the nationa midterm objectives

Growth compared with 1990 [%]

• 30

30 60 1990 2005 2020

Commercial Sector Household Sector

Construction Field Energy Reduction Objectives and Actual Figures

(Actual Figures) (Objectives)

• 10
• 20

10 20 40 50

• 25%

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Promotion of new energy conservation policies to overturns conventional paradigm Promotion of new energy conservation policies to overturns conventional paradigm Paradigm shift from large-scale increase to large-scale decrease Paradigm shift from large-scale increase to large-scale decrease

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

A program of environmental performance evaluation and public release of evaluation results of new buildings (＞5,000m2 total floor area) A program of environmental performance evaluation and public release of evaluation results of new buildings (＞5,000m2 total floor area)

• 5. Tokyo’s Leading Policies & Programs on Energy

Conservation /CO2 Emission Reductions (1/3)

• 5. Tokyo’s Leading Policies & Programs on Energy

Conservation /CO2 Emission Reductions (1/3)

Primary Program 1 TMG Green Building Program (Enacted in 2000, started in 2002) Primary Program 1 TMG Green Building Program (Enacted in 2000, started in 2002)

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Various measures, such as (1) increasing energy saving standards, and (2) demanding high energy performance through comprehensive design systems, etc., were launched utilizing this system Various measures, such as (1) increasing energy saving standards, and (2) demanding high energy performance through comprehensive design systems, etc., were launched utilizing this system This system developed, reaching fruition with the labeling system This system developed, reaching fruition with the labeling system * Condominium environmental performance display system (enacted 2005) * Condominium environmental performance display system (enacted 2005) * Business building energy saving performance evaluation document system (enacted 2010) * Business building energy saving performance evaluation document system (enacted 2010)

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

• 6. Tokyo’s Leading Policies & Programs on Energy

Conservation /CO2 Emission Reductions (2/3)

• 6. Tokyo’s Leading Policies & Programs on Energy

Conservation /CO2 Emission Reductions (2/3)

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This program: This program: World’s first cap and trade system targeting at CO2 emissions from buildings World’s first cap and trade system targeting at CO2 emissions from buildings * Total emission reductions mandated for most of the large buildings in Tokyo, accelerating energy savings and renewable energy use * Total emission reductions mandated for most of the large buildings in Tokyo, accelerating energy savings and renewable energy use * Trading system resulted in wide-reaching effects throughout Japan, such as the development of renewable energy projects * Trading system resulted in wide-reaching effects throughout Japan, such as the development of renewable energy projects Primary Program 2 Tokyo Cap and Trade Program (Enacted in 2008, started in 2010) Primary Program 2 Tokyo Cap and Trade Program (Enacted in 2008, started in 2010)

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

• 7. Tokyo’s Leading Policies & Programs on Energy

Conservation /CO2 Emission Reductions (3/3)

• 7. Tokyo’s Leading Policies & Programs on Energy

Conservation /CO2 Emission Reductions (3/3)

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Has also been positively evaluated as an excellent example of demand-side measures by cities worldwide Has also been positively evaluated as an excellent example of demand-side measures by cities worldwide * Select and publish TOP 30 low emission buildings in Tokyo as a result of these two primary measures * Select and publish TOP 30 low emission buildings in Tokyo as a result of these two primary measures

Example 1: Tokyo Low Carbon Building TOP30 Example 1: Tokyo Low Carbon Building TOP30

* Effect of widely publicizing the leading technologies of low emission buildings, and the hard work of the architects and engineers behind them * Effect of widely publicizing the leading technologies of low emission buildings, and the hard work of the architects and engineers behind them

Example 2: Leading measures by TMG have a large impact in energy conservation policies of local and national governments Example 2: Leading measures by TMG have a large impact in energy conservation policies of local and national governments

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

• 6. Future Direction of Energy Use

in Commercial & Residential Sector

• 6. Future Direction of Energy Use

in Commercial & Residential Sector

• 1. Steep increase of energy consumption in commercial & residential sector,

and limits of measures focused on buildings themselves

• 1. Steep increase of energy consumption in commercial & residential sector,

and limits of measures focused on buildings themselves

• 2. Shift from measures focused only on the demand or supply side to

comprehensive measures focused on both the demand and supply sides

• 2. Shift from measures focused only on the demand or supply side to

comprehensive measures focused on both the demand and supply sides Shift from current centralized systems to coexistent centralized and distributed systems Shift from current centralized systems to coexistent centralized and distributed systems Move targets from individual buildings to district / region / city scale measures Move targets from individual buildings to district / region / city scale measures Smart meters, smart grids, smart communities, etc. Smart meters, smart grids, smart communities, etc. Keywords: Distributed, networked, and bidirectional system, renewable, on-site, locally production and locally consumption, consumer participation Keywords: Distributed, networked, and bidirectional system, renewable, on-site, locally production and locally consumption, consumer participation Dynamic pricing, etc. Dynamic pricing, etc.

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• 3. Shift to energy supply and demand system that includes incentives for

consumers stimulating energy savings

• 3. Shift to energy supply and demand system that includes incentives for

consumers stimulating energy savings

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

• 7. Towards the Establishment of

an Ultra-Low Energy Society

• 7. Towards the Establishment of

an Ultra-Low Energy Society

* Reexamination of nuclear energy use * Reexamination of nuclear energy use

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Increase in carbon emissions Increase in carbon emissions

• 1. Energy supply side issues
• 1. Energy supply side issues

* Reexamination of breakaway policies from fossil energy * Reexamination of breakaway policies from fossil energy

• 2. International demands for further carbon reductions, given the restrictions

described above

• 2. International demands for further carbon reductions, given the restrictions

described above

• 4. Discomfort will be unavoidable in various sectors including consumer

and industries

• 4. Discomfort will be unavoidable in various sectors including consumer

and industries

Balanced policy design to share such discomfort, and consensus formation in the nation Balanced policy design to share such discomfort, and consensus formation in the nation

• 3. Given these trade-off conditions, how can QOL be improved while

conserving electricity and reducing carbon emissions?

• 3. Given these trade-off conditions, how can QOL be improved while

conserving electricity and reducing carbon emissions? “Ultra-low energy use" in the buildings sector as most effective measure “Ultra-low energy use" in the buildings sector as most effective measure

Hopes pinned on TMG leadership Hopes pinned on TMG leadership

Shuzo Murakami, Building Research Institute

Thank you for your attention Thank you for your attention

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