The Location and Evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly as Observed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Location and Evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly as Observed - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Location and Evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly as Observed by SOLSTICE Laura OConnor (University of Michigan) Mentor: Marty Snow (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics) Outline Background information Description of

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The Location and Evolution of the South Atlantic Anomaly as Observed by SOLSTICE

Laura O’Connor (University of Michigan) Mentor: Marty Snow (Laboratory for Atmospheric and Space Physics)

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Outline

  • Background information
  • Description of the region of interest
  • Motivation for the project
  • Introduction to the SOLSTICE Instruments
  • Details of the SOLSTICE Data
  • Data analysis procedures
  • Future plans

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics Outline

The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Background

  • Van Allen Radiation Belt

discovered in 1958

  • Three modes of motion: rotation

around the magnetic field lines, drift, bounce

  • Mirroring is determined by the

strength of the magnetic field (which is increasingly stronger closer to the Earth’s surface)

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

Van Allen Radiation Belt Diagram Image Credit: http://www-spof.gsfc.nasa.gov /Education/Iradbelt.html

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Background

  • Region Of Study: South

Atlantic Anomaly (SAA)

  • SAA is a part of the Van Allen

radiation belt

  • Caused by an offset of the

Earth’s magnetic field

  • Sources say the SAA is moving

by 0.28 degrees/year westward and 0.08 degrees/year northward

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

Radiation Belts Image Credit: Introduction to the Space Environment by Thomas F. Tascione

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Motivation

  • All satellites in low Earth orbit are influenced by the South

Atlantic Anomaly

  • Instruments and other electronics aboard can be susceptible

to the regions high radiation

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Introduction to SOLSTICE

  • SOLSTICE: SOLar STellar Irradiance

Comparison Experiment

  • There have been two SOLSTICE

experiments, one aboard UARS (1991- 2005, 600km) and one aboard SORCE (2003-Present, 645km)

  • Each SOLSTICE on SORCE is made up of

two Instruments: A (primary mode: Middle Ultraviolet) and B (primary mode: Far Ultraviolet)

  • SOLSTICE observes the Sun, 18 stars,

dark regions of space

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

SORCE Spacecraft Image Credit: http://lasp.colorado.edu /sorce/index.htm

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Introduction to SOLSTICE

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

SOLSTICE Instrument aboard SORCE Image Credit: http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/index.htm

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

FUV Detector MUV Detector

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Data Details

  • There are two types of data available from SOLSTICE

– Inactive Channel Data: SOLSTICE A (FUV Detector) and SOLSTICE B (MUV Detector) from February 4, 2003 to July 1, 2011 – Stellar Dark Region Data: SOLSTICE A (FUV Detector) and SOLSTICE B (MUV Detector) dark region data from February 22, 2003 to July 01, 2011

  • Primary data for this study: Inactive channel data for the

SOLSTICE A FUV Detector

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Data Details

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Data Details

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Data Analysis

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

Data Collection and Organization Selection of Count Rate Data in 5 Day Intervals Conversion to Geomagnetic Coordinates Average All Data in 5 Day Interval into 1x1 Degree Bins End Result: 360x180 Data Array

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Data Analysis

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

Select 1° Latitude Strip

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Data Analysis

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

Fit Gaussian To Latitude Strip

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Data Analysis

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

Fit 2nd Gaussian To Peaks

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Data Analysis

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

Center of SAA Latitude Extent

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Results

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

y = -0.3283x + 25.566 20 22 24 26 28 30 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Longitude (Degrees) Time Since 2003 (Years)

Center of SAA: Longitude

y = 0.1602x - 18.183

  • 22
  • 20
  • 18
  • 16
  • 14
  • 12

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Latitude (Degrees) Time Since 2003 (Years)

Center of SAA: Latitude

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UARS

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

  • UARS SOLSTICE (1991-

2005): Stellar Dark Rate Data

  • Extends time of study

through two decades

  • No Inactive Channel

UARS Spacecraft Image Credit: http://umpgal.gsfc.nasa.gov/

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UARS

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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SLIDE 19

UARS

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Results With UARS

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

y = -0.2997x + 626.14 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Longitude (Degrees) Years

Center of SAA: Longitude

y = -0.0705x + 124.46

  • 25
  • 20
  • 15
  • 10
  • 5

1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Latitude (Degrees) Years

Center of SAA: Latitude

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Future Directions

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

y = -18.389x + 60258 23250 23300 23350 23400 23450 23500 23550 23600 23650 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Field Strength (nT) Years

Magnetic Field Strength at Vassouras

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Future Directions

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Future Directions

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Future Directions

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

y = 1.0347x - 2062.8

  • 5

5 10 15 20 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Longitude Extent (Degrees) Years

Longitude Extent

y = 0.1358x - 265.6

5 5.5 6 6.5 7 7.5 8 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 Latitude Extent (Degrees) Years

Latitude Extent

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Future Directions

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Future Directions

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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Future Directions

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

  • Possible correlation between SAA and geomagnetic

storms

  • Time Lag – radiation in the belts takes a while to build up
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Conclusions

  • The SAA is moving at a rate of 0.3283 degrees/year

westward and 0.1602 degrees/year northward

  • The SAA is increasing in extent by 0.1358 degrees/year in

latitude and by 1.0347 degrees/year in longitude, when data from UARS is included in the calculation

  • There are possible correlations, to be examined more

closely, between the South Atlantic Anomaly and geomagnetic activity, solar cycle and the weakening of the Earth’s magnetic field.

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

Outline The SAA SOLSTICE Data Details June 2011 Future Plans

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THANK YOU

Any Questions?

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References

2011 REU in Solar and Space Physics

  • Image Credit: http://chamorrobible.org/gpw/gpw-200911.htm
  • Image Credit: http://lasp.colorado.edu/sorce/index.htm
  • “Introduction to the Space Environment”, Thomas F. Tascione, Orbit Foundation

Serie

  • sTrivedi, N.B., Pathan, B.M., Schuch, Nelson J., Barreto, M., Dutra, L.G.

“Geomagnetcic phenomena in the South Atlantic anomaly region in Brazil”, Adv. in Space Res., 36 (2005) 2021-2024

  • Badhwar, Gautam D., “Drift rate of the South Atlantic Anomaly”. Journal of

Geophysical Research, vol. 102, no. A2, pp. 2343-2349, 1997 doi:10.1029/96JA03494

References Backup Slides