The Leading Proton Spectrometer of ZEUS Design, Construction and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Leading Proton Spectrometer of ZEUS Design, Construction and - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The Leading Proton Spectrometer of ZEUS Design, Construction and Performance Nicolo Cartiglia INFN, Italy and SCIPP (!) STD06, AbeFest, Carmel, 11 th September 2006 Who, When and Why Electronics Beam Performance 1 Nicolo

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 1

The Leading Proton Spectrometer of ZEUS

Design, Construction and Performance Nicolo Cartiglia INFN, Italy and SCIPP (!) STD06, AbeFest, Carmel, 11th September 2006

  • Who, When and Why
  • Electronics
  • Beam
  • Performance
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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 2

The Leading Proton Spectrometer Group

The LPS group was a collaboration of 3 Universities: Bologna, Turin and Santa Cruz for a total of more than 50

  • people. Santa Cruz designed and built the front-end
  • electronics. Many people from SC took part:
  • E. Barberis, N. Cartiglia, J. De Witt, D. Dorfan, T. Dubbs, A. Grillo,

B Hubbard, W. Lockman, J. Ng, K.O’Shaughnessy, D. Pitzl, J. Rahn,

  • B. Rowe, H.F.-W Sadrozinski, A. Seiden, E. Spencer, A. Webster, M.

Wilder, R. Wichmann, D. Williams, D. ZerZion

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 3

We built the LPS in 1989-91

Intel CPU 486: 33 MHz. 1.25 M transistor Windows 3.0 was released in 1989 There was a wall in Berlin Abe was my professor of Q.M. Earthquake

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 4

HERA Physics

The main goal of HERA is the study of electron – proton interaction both at high (DIS regime, Q2> 2-4 GeV2) and low (Photoproduction) momentum transfer.

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 5

The ZEUS detector

The ZEUS detector is located

  • n the HERA collider in

Hamburg. It’s a general purpose detector:

  • Silicon vertex
  • Wire Chamber
  • Uranium calorimeter
  • Muon Chamber in the

return yoke

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 6

ZEUS forward detectors

S1-S6: 6 LPS station, 24- 90 m Forward Neutron Calorimeter, 103 m S1-S3: horizontal bending S4-S6: vertical bending

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 7

Forward Physics at ZEUS

In some events the proton remnant is characterized by the production of a leading baryon (proton or neutron) These LBs carry a very high fraction of the incoming proton beam momentum: xL = pz/p’z ~ 0.95-0.999

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 8

Leading Proton Production

The production of leading protons differs depending on the value of xL : fragmentation, reggeon, pomeron. Note: these names are overlapping processes without a clear distinction

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 9

The ZEUS LPS

  • Six detector stations
  • Each station: 6 single sided

Si detector planes

  • 115 um pitch (0 degree)
  • 115/sqrt(2) (+- 45 degree)
  • Inserted in Roman Pots

Total:

  • 54 detector planes
  • 50,000 channels
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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 10

The silicon plane

  • 300 um tick Si wafer, p

strips on n substrate

  • 3 manufacturing company:

CANBERRA, MICRON, EURSYS

  • Oval cut, precision on cut-
  • ut better than 100 um
  • Yield ~ 85%
  • Capacitance ~ 1.2 pF/cm
  • Depletion Voltage: 30-50 V
  • Mounted on a 6 layers

Cu-Invar support, water cooled

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 11

The Front-end Electronics - I

The LPS detector required a low-noise, low-power, radiation hard front- end electronics: it had to work near the beam with very little space available for the electronics and its cooling. It was decided to use a binary read-out to simplify the signal to noise problem and implement it using a combination of two chips: an analog amplifier comparator chip, the TEKZ, and a digital memory chip, the

  • DTSC. Requirements:

Low Noise: S/N ~ 22 Low Power: < 2 mW/channel Narrow width to match the microstrip Pipelined operation Radiation hardness up to 3 Mrad and 1014 p/cm2

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 12

The Front-end Electronics-II

  • DC Coupled to the detector
  • Shaping time = 32 ns
  • Gain = 150+-20 mV/fC
  • S/N ~ 22 with 11pF load
  • Power 2 mW/Channel
  • 72 um

The TEKZ bipolar chip The DTSC CMOS chip

  • DC Coupled to the TEKZ
  • Clock freq 10 MHz
  • L1 and L2 buffers
  • FLT pipeline 5 us length
  • Power 2 mW/Channel
  • 50,000 Transistor
  • 1.2 um technology
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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 13

Roman Pot

Beam pipe Detector Roman Pot: 3 mm with a 300 µm thick window 3 movements:

  • 1. Detector in/out
  • 2. Pot in/out
  • 3. Transverse

Resolver Position accuracy: 5 µm

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 14

Roman Pot Motion

At filling time the pots are retracted Approaching the beam Full insertion for data taking

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 15

A LPS station

Mechanical support Filters Detector TEKZ - DTSC Cooling pipe

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 16

A real event

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 17

Hit Maps

Empty band: dead DTSC chips

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 18

Detector Performance

The LPS is a difficult detector to

  • perate: it can only be used with

perfect beam condition and no “creative” set-up

  • Noisy or dead channels < 2%
  • Measured plane efficiency > 99.5 %
  • Noise < 0.3 ch/plane firing per bunch

crossing 62 132 Lum (pb-1) 35 47 2000 10 36 1999 13 28 1997 11 1996 3.4 6.6 1995 0.9 3 1994 LPS ZEUS Year

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 19

LPS Physics Reach

The LPS has been the used in many analysis:

(unexpectedly we found ourselves in the middle of a strong competition with H1 on the topic of ‘diffraction’)

  • Clean tag of diffractive events, both at low and high

mass

  • Measurement of the t- distribution in various processes

(vector mesons, diffraction, high and low Q2 processes)

  • Clean tag of double diffraction
  • Leading proton production spectra
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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 20

Leading Proton Spectrum

This plot shows the momentum spectrum of leading proton produced in e-p collision. It can be considered the summary

  • f the LPS operation…

Several models are also shown

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 21

Conclusion

The LPS was the first roman pot system operated at DESY. It took data for 7 years with a ~ 60% efficiency and integrated a luminosity of 70 pb-1 The LPS used 50000 channels of single sided Si detector read-out by two VLSI chips that provide a digital output. The 2-chip architecture that was developed for the LPS is now widely used in other systems

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September 11th 2006 Nicolo Cartiglia, INFN, Turin, Italy 22

Personal Conclusion

It was and incredible occasion to witness the creation of a high tech lab: I arrived in Santa Cruz in 1989, before any probe station, chip analyzer or other sophisticated equipment. We had a rotary switch to change the gain on a amplifier…and we thought we should go and live in Texas. The lab was ‘the place to be’, long hours and a lot of new ideas. In one of my early day Abe asked me my favourite movies. Before I could come up with a really boring intellectual movie he said: I really like “The creature from the Black Lagoon”…and I understood I was in the right place! Thanks Abe, Thanks Hartmut!