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The Know Your Records program consists of free events with up-to-date information about

• ur
• holdings. Events offer opportunities for you to learn

about the National Archives’ records through ongoing lectures, monthly genealogy programs, and the annual genealogy fair. Additional resources include

• nline reference reports for genealogical research,

and the newsletter Researcher News.

www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records

The National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) is the nation's record keeper. Of all the documents and materials created in the course of business conducted by the United States Federal government, only 1%–3% are determined permanently

• valuable. Those valuable records are preserved and are

available to you, whether you want to see if they contain clues about your family’s history, need to prove a veteran’s military service, or are researching an historical topic that interests you.

www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records

April 19, 2017

www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records

Sam Rushay, Supervisory Archivist at the Harry S. Truman Library, will discuss the historical significance of the Truman Doctrine in observation

• f its 70th anniversary.

www.archives.gov/calendar/know-your-records

Samuel W. Rushay, Jr.

Supervisory Archivist Harry S. Truman Library and Museum Independence, MO

The Truman Doctrine

Map of Greece and Turkey

6

King Paul of Greece

7

Greek home and school after World War II

8

Soup kitchen, orphaned children

9

Bulgarian church

10

Greek insurgents

11

Diplomat George Kennan’s Views

• Long Telegram of 1946 said Russian

leaders historically had “neurotic” worldview.

• X Article: “The main element of any

United States policy toward the Soviet Union must be a long-term, patient but firm and vigilant containment of Russian expansive tendencies.”

• He criticized tone of early draft of

Truman Doctrine, which contained excess "rhetoric."

• Soviet threat primarily economic and

psychological, more than military.

12

Clifford-Elsey report of 1946: American Relations with the Soviet Union

• Soviets hope for troop

withdrawals from Greece so they can set up a “friendly” government there. Turkey would become a puppet state and springboard for Soviet domination in the region.

13

White House Meeting on February 27, 1947

14

White House Meeting on February 27, 1947

• Under Secretary of State Dean

Acheson said Greece was “the rotten apple that would infect the whole barrel.”

15

US-British Relations

• On February 21, 1947 the British

announced that they could no longer bear the burden of maintaining economic and military support for Greece and Turkey.

• British Ambassador, Lord

Inverchapel, shakes hands with President Truman in photo on right.

16

President Truman addresses Congress

• n March 12, 1947

17

President Pro Tem Arthur Vandenberg (center) and Speaker of the House Joseph Martin (on right)

18

Loyalty Review Board

• Executive Order 9835, issued March 21, 1947
• Required full-scale loyalty investigations of new federal employees
• Required agencies and departments to set up procedures to verify loyalty of

existing employees.

• 400-1200 employees were dismissed and 1000-6000 resigned out of about

2.5 million government workers.

19

Dean Acheson (on right), Warren Austin (center), March 25, 1947

20

President Truman signs Greek-Turkish aid bill, May 22, 1947

21

Greece and Turkey join NATO in 1952

22

Lyndon Johnson’s phone call to Truman, 1964

23

Harry Truman’s View of Truman Doctrine Legacy

• In a 1965 newspaper article for

the North American Newspaper Alliance, he compared American’s role in Vietnam to the aid program for Greece in 1947.

24

President Reagan’s Statement on the 40th Anniversary of the Truman Doctrine:

• “The Truman doctrine was rooted in a fundamental assumption as

true now as in 1947: A healthy democracy in the United States requires strong democratic partners in the world.”

25

President George W. Bush’s Comment on Occasion of Greek Independence Day:

• “Like democracy itself, the Truman Doctrine grew out of the

experience of the Greek people and affirmed the desire for freedom for all people—not just a handful, not just some, but for all.”

26

What Historian Melvin Leffler said in The Preponderance of Power, p. 513:

• “The Truman Doctrine, the Marshall Plan, and the London

Agreements were the decisive steps leading to the collapse of the wartime coalition.” The coalition referred to the alliance between the US and the Soviet Union during World War II. After the war, the “Russians showed some restraint but not enough to allay US fears.” The US “felt the need to take the initiative.” Soviet actions were “reactive.”

27

What Historian Alonzo Hamby said in Man of the People, p. 392:

• The Truman Doctrine “reflected both his long-held view of

totalitarianism…as an implacable enemy of human freedom and his faith (embodied in his reverence for Tennyson’s “Locksley Hall”) in the eventual triumph of a universal world order based on liberal values. In this, he almost instinctively had grasped what was perhaps the central issue of the twentieth century.”

28

What John Lewis Gaddis said in George F. Kennan, pp. 263-64:

• In March 1947, Kennan saw the post-war crisis that the Truman

Doctrine tried to address in cultural terms. The danger “was not from rotten apples but from cultural despair.”

• To abandon Europe would be to sever the roots of cultural and

tradition, leaving the United States with fewer safeguards against tyranny than one might think….”

• “Such a strategy [a modified Truman Doctrine] would depart from

decades of isolationism extending back to the Monroe Doctrine.”

29

For more information see: https://www.trumanlibrary.org/whistlestop/study_ collections/doctrine/large/index.php

30

Thank you for attending!