the internet protocol ip
play

The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet (C) Herbert - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Jan 16, 2024 •434 likes •975 views

The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11 "Information Superhighway is really an acronym for 'Interactive Network For Organizing, Retrieving, Manipulating, Accessing And Transferring Information On

  1. The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  2. "Information Superhighway is really an acronym for 'Interactive Network For Organizing, Retrieving, Manipulating, Accessing And Transferring Information On National Systems, Unleashing Practically Every Rebellious Human Intelligence, Gratifying Hackers, Wiseacres, And Yahoos'." Keven Kwaku

  3. The Internet Protocol (IP) � Introduction � IP Addressing � IP Header � IP Address Format � Address Classes � Class A - E � Subnetting, VLSM � IP Fragmentation 3 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  4. Need of an Inter-Net Protocol (1) Host 3 Host 2 Host 1 No interconnection Host 2 possible !!! Host 3 Host 1 � Different Data-Link Layer Host 2 � Different frames Host 3 � Different protocol handling � Different Physical Layer � Different hardware Host 1 � Different signals 4 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  5. Need of an Inter-Net Protocol (2) 3.3 3.2 Network 3 Network 2 3.1 Gateway 2.2 3.4 2.3 Gateway 2.1 2.4 1.2 � Common internetworking layer � One packet type 1.3 Network 1 � Gateways terminate layer 1 and 2 � Layer 3 addresses identify � Not only Host � But also Network 1.1 5 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  6. IP Introduction (1) � Packet switching technology � Packet switch = router = "gateway" (IETF terminology) � End system is called IP host � Layer 3 address (Structured) � Datagram Service � Connectionless � Best effort delivery 6 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  7. Packet Switching Principle T1 T1 TA T2 T2 T4 T4 T3 User A2 Address Information T3 T1 T4 T4 TB • Each switch must analyze address information User B5 • "Store and Forward" 7 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  8. IP packet forwarding is based on routing tables only (Connectionless PS, Best-Effort Service, Datagram Service) B A time t6 time t0 A B A B time t4 time t2 time t5 A B PS2 PS3 PS4 A B forwarding decision of PS4 time t1 to next hop forwarding decision time t3 to next hop of PS2 B local forwarding decision B PS3 C PS5 of PS3 C PS3 D PS3 to next hop Routing Table D PS3 B PS4 of PS 4 C PS5 D PS6 D C ... Packet payload A B ... Source Address / Destination Address 2005/03/11 8

  9. X.25/FR/ATM packet forwarding is based on X25/FR/ATM switching tables; but call-setup uses routing tables (Connection Oriented PS, Virtual Call Service) local Virtual Call Setup 1 A connection B identifier packet type 14 CR A B unique Switching Table addresses PS4 of PS 4 PS2 PS3 to next hop from to from to B PS3 C PS3 A :14 E PS3 from to Routing Table of PS 2 E C CR ... Call Request 2005/03/11 9

  10. Virtual Call Setup 2 1 B A 14 2 4 3 from to from to from to 23 CR A B A :14 3:23 2 :23 to next hop B PS4 C PS5 E PS6 E C 6 5 CR ... Call Request 2005/03/11 10

  11. Virtual Call Setup 3 1 B A 14 from to 3:07 23 2 4 3 from to to next hop 07 CR A B B local A :14 3:23 C PS5 E PS3 from to 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 CR ... Call Request 2005/03/11 11

  12. Virtual Call Setup 4 Virtual connection A - B: 1 B 14-23-07-44 A 14 44 CR A B 07 2 4 3 from to 23 from to A :14 3:23 3:07 B:44 from to 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 CR ... Call Request 2005/03/11 12

  13. Virtual Call Setup 5 Virtual connection A - B: 1 B 14-23-07-44 A 44 14 A B CA 44 07 2 4 3 to from 23 to from A :14 3:23 3:07 B:44 to from 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 CA ... Call Accepted 2005/03/11 13

  14. Virtual Call Setup 6 Virtual connection A - B: 1 B 14-23-07-44 A 44 14 A B CA 14 07 2 4 3 to from 23 to from A :14 3:23 3:07 B:44 to from 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 CA ... Call Accepted 2005/03/11 14

  15. Data Transfer 1 Virtual connection A - B: 1 B 14-23-07-44 A 44 14 D 14 07 2 4 3 from to 23 from to A :14 3:23 3:07 B:44 from to 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 D ... Data Packet … payload 2005/03/11 15

  16. Data Transfer 2 Virtual connection A - B: 1 B 14-23-07-44 A 44 14 D 23 07 2 4 3 from to 23 from to A :14 3:23 3:07 B:44 from to 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 D ... Data Packet … payload 2005/03/11 16

  17. Data Transfer 3 Virtual connection A - B: 1 B 14-23-07-44 A 44 14 07 2 4 3 from to 23 D 07 from to A :14 3:23 3:07 B:44 from to 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 D ... Data Packet … payload 2005/03/11 17

  18. Data Transfer 4 Virtual connection A - B: 1 B 14-23-07-44 A 44 14 D 44 07 2 4 3 from to 23 from to A :14 3:23 3:07 B:44 from to 2 :23 4:07 E C 6 5 D ... Data Packet … payload 2005/03/11 18

  19. IP Datagram Service IP Host IP Router Destination Next Hop A R1 B R4 C R3 R1 R2 R3 ..... ..... A2 B5 A2 B5 Destination Next Hop Destination Based Routing User A.2 A local B R2 C R2 ..... ..... IP Routing Destination Next Hop A2 B5 Table of R1 A R4 B local C R4 IP address ..... ..... R4 R5 (structured address Net-ID:Host-ID) Destination Next Hop A2 B5 A R2 A2 B5 B R5 C R2 ..... ..... User B.5 2005/03/11 19

  20. IP Introduction (2) � Shared responsibility � Both network and hosts must take care for delivery (!) � Routers deliver datagrams to remote hosts based on IP address � Hosts responsible for end-to-end control � End-to-end control relies on TCP � Layer 4 20 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  21. IP Introduction (3) OSI TCP/IP Protocol Suite 7 Layer Model Application HTTP FTP SMTP Telnet DNS DHCP TFTP etc. (US-ASCII and MIME) Presentation Routing Protocols Session UDP RIP, OSPF, TCP Transport (User Datagram BGP, EGP (Transmission Control Protocol) Protocol) ICMP Network Internet Protocol (IP) RARP ARP Inverse ARP IP over Link ATM IEEE 802.2 X.25 Frame Relay PPP Physical RFC 1483 RFC 1042 RFC 1356 RFC 1490 RFC 1661 21 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  22. IP and OSI Network Layer 3 Layer 3 Protocol = IP Layer 3 Routing Protocols = RIP, OSPF, EIGRP, BGP IP Host A IP Host B Router 1 Router 2 IP IP IP 3 3 3 3 3 3 M M 2005/03/11 22

  23. IP Introduction (4) � IP over anything: Overlay Technique � IP can be easily integrated upon layer 2 technologies � Open development quickly adapts to new transport and switching methods � End-to-end principle � Only hosts must be intelligent (TCP) � Routers remain simple 23 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  24. IP Introduction (5) � TCP cares for reliability � Connection oriented � Error recovery � Flow control � Sequencing � IP is the router's language � No idea about applications � Best effort delivery 24 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  25. TCP/UDP and OSI Transport Layer 4 Layer 4 Protocol = TCP (Connection-Oriented) Layer 4 Protocol = UDP (Connectionless) IP Host A IP Host B TCP/UDP Connection (Transport-Pipe) 4 4 M M Router 1 Router 2 2005/03/11 25

  26. IP Introduction (6) � Request for Comments (RFCs) � De facto standards for the Internet � Initially posted by snail mail � IETF (Internet Engineering Task Force) reviews and confirms them � RFCs are numbered in sequence of publishing � Everybody may write an RFC (!) 26 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  27. Internet Organizations RARE ISOC (Reseaux Associes pour la (Internet Society) Recherche Europeen) IAB IETF IRTF 27 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  28. The IP Header (Address Fields) 0 4 8 12 16 20 24 28 32 Vers HLEN TOS Total Length Identification Flags Fragment Offset TTL Protocol Header Checksum Source IP Address Destination IP Address Padding Options (variable length) PAYLOAD (Encapsulated Higher Layer Packets) 28 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  29. The IP Address � Dotted Decimal Notation Binary IP Address: 1100000010101000000000100000001 Decimal Value: 3232235777 Decimal Representation per byte : 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 192 168 1 1 192 . 168 . 1 . 1 29 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  30. IP Address Classes � Net-ID? Host-ID? � 5 Classes defined! � A (1-127) � B (128-191) � C (192-223) � D (224-239, Multicast) � E (240-254, Experimental) � Classes define number of address- bits for net-id 30 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  31. IP Address Classes Classes are defined by „first octet rule“ Class A 0 Net-ID Host-ID Class B 1 0 Net-ID Host-ID Class C 1 1 0 Net-ID Host-ID Class D 1 1 1 0 Multicast Addresses Class E 1 1 1 1 Experimental Use 31 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  32. Broadcasts and Networks � All ones in the host-part represents „network-broadcast“ (10.255.255.255) � All ones in the net-part and host-part represents „limited broadcast in this network” (255.255.255.255) � All zeros in the host-part represents the „network-address“ (10.0.0.0) 32 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

  33. Reserved Addresses � Address range for private use � 10.0.0.0 - 10.255.255.255 � 172.16.0.0 - 172.31.255.255 � 192.168.0.0 - 192.168.255.255 � RFC 1918 � Network 127.x.x.x is reserved for "Loopback" 33 (C) Herbert Haas 2005/03/11

Download Presentation
Download Policy: The content available on the website is offered to you 'AS IS' for your personal information and use only. It cannot be commercialized, licensed, or distributed on other websites without prior consent from the author. To download a presentation, simply click this link. If you encounter any difficulties during the download process, it's possible that the publisher has removed the file from their server.

Recommend

TCP/IP CIS 218/238 Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for

TCP/IP CIS 218/238 Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for

TCP/IP CIS 218/238 Internet Protocol (IP) The Internet Protocol (IP) is responsible for ensuring that data is transferred between two Intenret hosts based on a 32 bit address. To be ROUTABLE, a protocol must specify a NETWORK ADDRESS

899 views • 22 slides
Internetworking Internetworking Address Resolution Protocol Address Resolution Protocol z

Internetworking Internetworking Address Resolution Protocol Address Resolution Protocol z

Internet Protocol Suite: Transport Internet Protocol Suite: Transport TCP: Transmission Control Protocol Byte stream transfer Internet Protocol Suite Internet Protocol Suite Reliable, connection-oriented service Point-to-point

374 views • 3 slides
The Other 95%: The Unsecure Internet You Dont Know About Internet Protocol Manipulations

The Other 95%: The Unsecure Internet You Dont Know About Internet Protocol Manipulations

The Other 95%: The Unsecure Internet You Dont Know About Internet Protocol Manipulations Sharon Goldberg BGP : Border Gateway Protocol DNS : Domain Name System BGP manipulation from July 2013 Abroad USA Qwest/ Centurylink Endpoint in

381 views • 11 slides
Overview/Questions What does Internet Protocol actually do? What is an IP address? How

Overview/Questions What does Internet Protocol actually do? What is an IP address? How

CS101 Lecture 6: Internetworking: Internet Protocol, IP Addresses, Routing, DNS John Magee 8 July 2013 Some images courtesy Wikimedia Commons 1 Overview/Questions What does Internet Protocol actually do? What is an IP address? How

495 views • 18 slides
1 IP datagram IP datagram format format 20 bytes 20 bytes header header (minimum)

1 IP datagram IP datagram format format 20 bytes 20 bytes header header (minimum)

Lecture 11. Lecture 11. The Internet Layer The Internet Layer IP (Internet Protocol) IP (Internet Protocol) & & ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) ICMP (Internet Control Message Protocol) Giuseppe Bianchi Internet Protocol

334 views • 18 slides
Internet routing is based on routing protocols that collect the input data No off-line route

Internet routing is based on routing protocols that collect the input data No off-line route

Introduction to Routing in Internet Internet basics IPv4 and ICMP Internet Addressing ARP - Address Resolution Protocol Routing Information (Distance Vector ) Protocol Principles 3-1 S-38.121 S-02 Rka, NB Internet routing is based on

214 views • 18 slides
1 Type of Service Version Header Total Length length TOS Why the protocol field? Why the

1 Type of Service Version Header Total Length length TOS Why the protocol field? Why the

Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol (IP) RFC 791 (1981) RFC 791 (1981) Lecture 11. Lecture 11. Connectionless datagram delivery service The Internet Layer The Internet Layer best-effort Unreliable no guarantees of

438 views • 9 slides
INTERNET AND INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 (IPv4) Outline A bit of history The TCP/IP

INTERNET AND INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 (IPv4) Outline A bit of history The TCP/IP

INTERNET AND INTERNET PROTOCOL VERSION 4 (IPv4) Outline A bit of history The TCP/IP protocol architecture IPv4 General Features The protocol A BIT OF HISTORY A Research Project Its the 7Os DARPA

674 views • 36 slides
Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol (IP) TCP versus UDP TCP versus UDP Low Low-

Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol (IP) TCP versus UDP TCP versus UDP Low Low-

Special Course on Networked Virtual January 30, 2004 Environments Internet Protocol (IP) Internet Protocol (IP) TCP versus UDP TCP versus UDP Low Low- -level protocols used by hosts and routers level protocols used by hosts and routers

274 views • 5 slides
Internet Protocol: Routing Algorithms Internet Protocol: Routing Algorithms Srinidhi Varadarajan

Internet Protocol: Routing Algorithms Internet Protocol: Routing Algorithms Srinidhi Varadarajan

Internet Protocol: Routing Algorithms Internet Protocol: Routing Algorithms Srinidhi Varadarajan Routing Routing Rout ing prot ocol 5 Goal: det ermine good pat h (sequence of rout ers) t hru 3 B C net work f rom source t o dest .

636 views • 40 slides
The post-quantum Internet IP: Internet Protocol Daniel J. Bernstein IP communicates

The post-quantum Internet IP: Internet Protocol Daniel J. Bernstein IP communicates

1 2 The post-quantum Internet IP: Internet Protocol Daniel J. Bernstein IP communicates packets: limited-length byte strings. University of Illinois at Chicago & Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Each computer on the Internet has

1.36k views • 97 slides
Outline The IP protocol 15-441/641: Computer Networks IPv4 The Internet Protocol IPv6

Outline The IP protocol 15-441/641: Computer Networks IPv4 The Internet Protocol IPv6

9/16/2019 Outline The IP protocol 15-441/641: Computer Networks IPv4 The Internet Protocol IPv6 Fall 2019 Profs Peter Steenkiste & Justine Sherry IP in practice Network address translation Tunnels ARP

90 views • 6 slides
Internet Protocol (IP) Guevara Noubir Textbook: Computer Networks: A

Internet Protocol (IP) Guevara Noubir Textbook: Computer Networks: A

Internet Protocol (IP) Guevara Noubir Textbook: Computer Networks: A Systems Approach, L. Peterson, B. Davie, Morgan Kaufmann Chapter 4. Internet Protocol Fundamentals of Computer Networks Lecture Outline

987 views • 39 slides
The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet 2005/03/11 (C) Herbert Haas

The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet 2005/03/11 (C) Herbert Haas

The Internet Protocol (IP) The Blood of the Internet 2005/03/11 (C) Herbert Haas "Information Superhighway is really an acronym for 'Interactive Network For Organizing, Retrieving, Manipulating, Accessing And Transferring Information On

825 views • 33 slides
Outline 15-441/641: Computer Networks The IP protocol The Internet Protocol IPv4 15-441

Outline 15-441/641: Computer Networks The IP protocol The Internet Protocol IPv4 15-441

2/6/2019 Outline 15-441/641: Computer Networks The IP protocol The Internet Protocol IPv4 15-441 Spring 2019 IPv6 Profs Peter Steenkiste & Justine Sherry Tunnels Fall 2019 https://computer-networks.github.io/sp19/ 2 IP

570 views • 11 slides
CS101 Lecture 7: Internetworking: Internet Protocol, IP Addresses, Routing, DNS Aaron Stevens 4

CS101 Lecture 7: Internetworking: Internet Protocol, IP Addresses, Routing, DNS Aaron Stevens 4

CS101 Lecture 7: Internetworking: Internet Protocol, IP Addresses, Routing, DNS Aaron Stevens 4 February 2010 Some images courtesy Wikimedia Commons 1 What Youll Learn Today What does Internet Protocol actually do? What is an IP

764 views • 25 slides
1 Internet Email Internet Commercialization SMTP is Internet Email protocol Rapid and

1 Internet Email Internet Commercialization SMTP is Internet Email protocol Rapid and

Background of Chapter Software Infrastructure of the Commercializing Internet Not finished Mostly journalistic Recounting of basic events from secondary sources Focus on interplay between technology and business models Thomas

463 views • 3 slides
individual differences and acceptability judgments PHILIP HOFMEISTER LAURA STAUM CASASANTO *

individual differences and acceptability judgments PHILIP HOFMEISTER LAURA STAUM CASASANTO *

individual differences and acceptability judgments PHILIP HOFMEISTER LAURA STAUM CASASANTO * JUDGE, JURY, EX- ECUTIONER STRUCTURE & EVIDENCE # JUDGE, JURY, DESIGN EX- ECUTIONER STRUCTURE & EVIDENCE ? JUDGE, JURY, DESIGN

706 views • 54 slides
SISG Short PAUP* Lab Note: Parts of this computer lab exercise wer written by Paul O. Lewis.

SISG Short PAUP* Lab Note: Parts of this computer lab exercise wer written by Paul O. Lewis.

SISG Short PAUP* Lab Note: Parts of this computer lab exercise wer written by Paul O. Lewis. Paul has graciously allowed Mark Holder to use and modify the lab for the Summer Institute in Statistical Genetics. Thanks, Paul! This computer lab

104 views • 9 slides
Full Bayesian comparative biogeography of Philippine geckos challenges predictions of

Full Bayesian comparative biogeography of Philippine geckos challenges predictions of

Full Bayesian comparative biogeography of Philippine geckos challenges predictions of climate-driven vicariant speciation Evolution 2019 Jamie Oaks Auburn University Web: phyletica.org GitHub: joaks1 & phyletica Twitter: @jamoaks

548 views • 35 slides
33:010:458 33:010:458 Accounting Information Accounting Information Systems Systems Dr. Peter

33:010:458 33:010:458 Accounting Information Accounting Information Systems Systems Dr. Peter

33:010:458 33:010:458 Accounting Information Accounting Information Systems Systems Dr. Peter R. Gillett Associate Professor Department of Accounting, Business Ethics and Information Systems Rutgers Business SchoolNewark and New

800 views • 48 slides
AFTER REFORM: THE ECONOMIC POLICY AGENDA IN THE 21ST CENTURY John Quiggin University of

AFTER REFORM: THE ECONOMIC POLICY AGENDA IN THE 21ST CENTURY John Quiggin University of

AFTER REFORM: THE ECONOMIC POLICY AGENDA IN THE 21ST CENTURY John Quiggin University of Queensland and FH Gruen Visiting Chair, ANU FH Gruen Lecture Australian National University, 4 October 2016 A POLICY AGENDA FOR THE KNOWLEDGE

794 views • 34 slides
Toward a National Research Platform Invited Presentation Open Science Grid All Hands

Toward a National Research Platform Invited Presentation Open Science Grid All Hands

Toward a National Research Platform Invited Presentation Open Science Grid All Hands Meeting Salt Lake City, UT March 20, 2018 Dr. Larry Smarr Director, California Institute for Telecommunications and Information Technology Harry E.

547 views • 34 slides
Wired to connect Creating relationships is human nature QCon London March 2015 Jenni Jepsen

Wired to connect Creating relationships is human nature QCon London March 2015 Jenni Jepsen

Wired to connect Creating relationships is human nature QCon London March 2015 Jenni Jepsen twitter: @jenniindk jenni@goagile.dk Helping you create lasting change Quiz What are the three things we need to survive? 1. Food 2. Shelter 3.

725 views • 26 slides

More recommend