SLIDE 1 The Impact of Homelessness on Child and Human Development An Urgent Call to Action
- L. Angelica Ponguta, MPH, PhD
Yale University • Jacobs Foundation 58th Session of the UN Commission on Social Development Single Mother’s Vulnerability to Homelessness and its Impact on Children New York, USA • February 2020
SLIDE 2 What is Early Childhood Development: Multidimensional, Interconnected, and Multi-stage
Multidimensional Multi-stage Interconnected
Information Visualizations and Design by Adrián Cerezo, PhD
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What is Early Childhood Development: Multidimensional
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What is Early Childhood Development: Multidimensional
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What is Early Childhood Development: Multidimensional
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What is Early Childhood Development: Multidimensional, Interconnected
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The life-course perspective and the multi-stage concept
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The life-course perspective and the multi-stage concept
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The life-course perspective and the multi-stage concept
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The life-course perspective and the multi-stage concept
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The life-course perspective and the multi-stage concept
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The life-course perspective and the multi-stage concept
SLIDE 13 Multi-dimensional Multi-stage Interconnected
What is Early Childhood Development: Multidimensional, Interconnected, and Multi-stage
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Nurturing Care: Security and safety
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Nurturing Care: Opportunities for early learning
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Nurturing Care: Good health
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Nurturing Care: Adequate nutrition
SLIDE 18 Nurturing Care: Responsive care
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Why ECD Matters: A Tale of Two Lives
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Poverty Toxic Stress
Scenario 1: A Life of Risk
SLIDE 22 Restricted access to health, education and
Exposure to environmental toxins Vulnerable to weather events
Poverty Toxic Stress
Poverty: Restricted access to health
SLIDE 23 Emotional abuse Violence Severe deprivation
Toxic stress: prolonged adversity
Restricted access to health, education and
Exposure to environmental toxins Vulnerable to weather events
Poverty Toxic Stress
SLIDE 24 e.g. Unemployment e.g. Other mental and physical health problems e.g. Depression
Impacts of cumulative risks
Emotional abuse Violence Severe deprivation
Restricted access to health, education and
Exposure to environmental toxins Vulnerable to weather events
Poverty Toxic Stress
- Strandh, et al., 2014 · ● Dube, et al., 2004 · ● Schillilng, et al., 2007 ● Kim-Cohern et al., 2003 ● Bardone et al., 1996 ●
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SLIDE 26 No preventative health
Impacts of limited access to antenatal, prenatal and maternal health
Higher risk of prematurity and complications at birth
SLIDE 27 Environmental Interpersonal Violence Structural
The prenatal and transgenerational impacts of toxic stress
Alterations in maternal stress response: impacts on the unborn child (e.g. prematurity low birth weight)
- Shonkhoff et al., 2012c McEwen & McEwen, 2017 Glynn et al., 2011 ●
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SLIDE 29 Tw Two of the elements ne neede ded for ef efficient co connections to form:
Responsive interactions
Nutrien ents/f /food
Neuronal connections are formed at the fastest speed during the early years
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“Serve and return” and responsive interactions
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“Serve and return” and responsive interactions
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“Serve and return” and responsive interactions
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The indirect and long-lasting impacts of poor maternal well-being
SLIDE 34 Children living in poverty have heard 30 million fewer words than their more affluent peers by the time they turn age 3
The indirect and long-lasting impacts of poor maternal well-being
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SLIDE 36 Adverse Childhood Experience
- Dube et al., 2001 Burke et al., 2001 ●
SLIDE 37 Methylation
Abuse and neglect “Toxic” Stress Lack of nutrition, stimulation & attachment Environmental risk factors (toxins, smoke)
Affect gene expression (areas of the brain important for cognitive development, stress regulation, among others)
How can this happen? Epigenetic mechanisms
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No access to quality early childhood education or a nurturing/stimulating environment
?
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- Higher chance of either re
repeating or dr dropping pping
- u
- ut of school
- Lower school achieveme
ment and commitment in early adolescence
- Higher chance of engaging in risky beha
risky behavio viors s that can lead to incarceration
depe pende ndenc nce on n welf lfar are assistance as an adult
less future earn earnin ings gs
Impacts of no access to quality early childhood education
- r a nurturing/stimulating environment
- Yoshikawa, 1995 Barnett, 1995 Reynolds et al., 2001 Schweinhart, 1993 Campbell, 2011 Duncan et al., 2010 ●
SLIDE 41 The societal cost of maternal homelessness is immense and transgenerational
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Why ECD Matters: A Tale of Two Lives
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SLIDE 44 Poverty Toxic Stress
- WHO.ORG Ponguta, et al., 2018 ●
SLIDE 45 GOVERNANCE & FINANCE ENABLING ENVIRONMENT
WORKFORCE STANDARDS & CURRICULUM QUALITY ASSURANCE, MONITORING FAMILY & COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT
CHILD & HUMAN DEVELOPMENT
SLIDE 46 Target 4.2: Ensure that by 2030 all girls and boys have access to quality early childhood development, care and pre- primary education so that they are ready for primary education.
The Sustainable Development Goals
- sustainabledevelopment.un.org ●
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- sustainabledevelopment.un.org ●
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www.ecdpeace.org
SLIDE 49 Acknowledgements
- Pia Britto, PhD (UNICEF)
- James Leckman, PhD (Yale University Child Study Center)
- Adrian Cerezo, PhD (Visual Analytics)
