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The iLab Experience a blended learning hands-on course concept - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

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The iLab Experience a blended learning hands-on course concept Internet of Things you set the focus Cyber-Physical Systems Pervasive Computing Intro & Hardware May 28, 2019 Marc-Oliver Pahl Kick Off 04/23 1 IPv6 IPv6 04/30 BGP 2

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you set the focus

The iLab Experience

a blended learning hands-on course concept

Internet of Things Cyber-Physical Systems Pervasive Computing Intro & Hardware

May 28, 2019 Marc-Oliver Pahl

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 11 12 13 WWW IPv6 IoT1 14 Your Exercise BGP

YE 1st Lecture BGP Kick Off IPv6 IoT DIY HW Guest Composition IoT Smart Space SW & Measure VSL Hands-On YE Didactics, Tools Prepare Your Exercise YE Review Presentation YE Final Presentation, Wrap-Up

04/23 04/30 05/07 05/14 05/21 05/28 06/04 (06/11) 06/18 06/25 07/02 (07/09) 07/16

Minilab 1+2+3 Your Exercise Topic Storm (IoT) WWW Security summer term 2019 Giving good Feedback

10

You review Prepare Your Exercise Your Exercise Topic Voting Event

07723

Minis IoT2 Your Exercise YE1

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Oral Attestations

  • Thu 13.6. 13-17
  • Fri 14.6. 10-12 + 13-15
  • Mon 29.7. 13-17
  • Tue 30.7. 10-12 + 13-15

Stefan sends mail when it opens. Then: FCFS

We ask what is worth being remembered. We want to make sure you reached our learning goals.

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SLIDE 4

What defines…?

  • 1. Internet of Things
  • 2. Cyber-Physical Systems
  • 3. Ambient Computing
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SLIDE 7 https://www.unternehmertum.de/makerspace.xhtml?lang=en
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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

TWO DIY Maker Cultures

DIY Hardware

DIY Software

Arduino DS2OS Smart Device Smart Space App time ?

A computing system that is typically embedded, interfaces its environment via sensors and actuators, and can be remotely managed.

2005

Portable easy-to-program applications that manage smart environments.

8

Creating your own IoT Software Apps is difficult. Creating your own IoT Software Apps is easy.

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SLIDE 9

Device Hardware Application Software Internet of Things Cyber-Physical-Systems Ambient Intelligence Smart Space Orchestration Pervasive Computing

http://www.wallsave.com/wallpapers/1024x768/enterprise/86570/enterprise-startrek-voyager-eu-borg-86570.jpg http://sticktwiddlers.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/11/dave-2001-space-odyssey-hal-9000-sad-hill-news.jpg
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SLIDE 10

ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

A little history of Computing

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SLIDE 11

1960s: IBM 704 1981: IBM 5150

www.digitaltrends.com

2010: Apple iPad 2013: Google Nexus 10

www.hyundai-displays.com

Public Touch-Displays

* : 1 1:1 1 : * * : *

Mainframe Personal Computer Mobile Computing Pervasive Computing Ubiquitous Computing

1 2 3

[1]
  • G. D. Abowd, “What next, ubicomp?: celebrating an intellectual disappearing act,” presented at the UbiComp '12: Proceedings of the 2012 ACM Conference on Ubiquitous Computing, 2012.

computing center home everywhere at me everywhere at the environment

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1

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1967

1

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1967 1972

1

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1967 1972 1988 2012 2003 2008 2010

1 2

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1967 1972 1988 2012 2003 2008 2010

[1]
  • A. C. Kay, “A Personal Computer for Children of All
Ages,” presented at the ACM '72: Proceedings of the ACM annual conference, 1972, vol. 1. [1]
  • W. K. English, D. C. Engelbart, and M. L. Berman,
“Display-Selection Techniques for Text Manipulation,” Human Factors in Electronics, IEEE Transactions on, no. 1, pp. 5–15, 1967. [1]
  • M. Weiser, “The Computer for the 21st
Century,” Scientific American, Sep. 1991.

1 2 3

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SLIDE 22 [1]
  • C. Dixon, R. Mahajan, S. Agarwal, A. J. Brush, B. Lee, S. Saroiu, and V. Bahl, “The Home Needs an Operating System (and an App Store),” presented at the the Ninth ACM SIGCOMM Workshop, New York, New York, USA, 2010, pp. 1–6.

Time | Money

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ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

What makes the implementation of Pervasive Computing difficult?

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Vendor S p a t i a l Middleware Functional Technical

Flickr | Rubén Bodewig | https://www.flickr.com/photos/rubodewig/5161937181/
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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Heterogeneity

Image Source: Prashant Sharma, Microsoft Ventures | https://www.microsoftventures.com/blog/entry/InternetofThings101UnderstandingtheBuildingBlocksoftheConnectedWorld%7C1064
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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

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Complexity

Flickr | Mark Skipper | https://www.flickr.com/photos/bitterjug/7670055210
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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

27

Experts Needed

http://www.wired.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/ahmed-mohamed-featured.jpg
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SLIDE 28

ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Ubiquitous Computing, Distributed Computing, Mobile Computing, and Pervasive Computing

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What is Ubiquitous Computing?

[1]
  • D. Saha and A. Mukherjee, “Pervasive computing: a paradigm for the 21st century,” Computer, vol. 36, no. 3, pp. 25–31, Mar. 2003.
[1]
  • K. Lyytinen and Y. Yoo, “Issues and Challenges in Ubiquitous Computing,” Commun. ACM, vol. 45, no. 12, Dec. 2002.
[1]
  • M. Satyanarayanan, “Pervasive computing: Vision and challenges,” Personal Communications, 2001.

everywhere in everything Level of Embeddedness Level of Mobility

low high high low

Distributed Computing Mobile Computing Pervasive Computing Ubiquitous Computing

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SLIDE 30 DIY2 DIY1
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ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Pervasive Computing

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Computing VR AR PerCom

http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielnyegriffiths/2014/05/01/virtual-legality-legal-letters-claim-oculus-vr-made-the-oculus-rift-using-zenimax-ip/ http://glass-apps.org/google-glass http://masspictures.net/google-glass/ http://guardianlv.com/2014/01/google-glass-the-definition-of-live/ http://www.digitaltrends.com/cool-tech/oculus-rift-myo-gesture-control-armband-pure-awesomeness/#!O5sPv Flickr | Plage Vinilos y Adhesivos | https://www.flickr.com/photos/plagevinilosyadhesivosdecorativos/5429084250/ Flickr | O Palsson | https://www.flickr.com/photos/opalsson/4387563218/
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SLIDE 33 Flickr | O Palsson | https://www.flickr.com/photos/opalsson/4387563218/

Technology Immersiveness Technology Awareness

http://www.forbes.com/sites/danielnyegriffiths/2014/05/01/virtual-legality-legal-letters-claim-oculus-vr-made-the-oculus-rift-using-zenimax-ip/ http://guardianlv.com/2014/01/google-glass-the-definition-of-live/ Flickr | Plage Vinilos y Adhesivos | https://www.flickr.com/photos/plagevinilosyadhesivosdecorativos/5429084250/
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SLIDE 34 Flickr | Plage Vinilos y Adhesivos | https://www.flickr.com/photos/plagevinilosyadhesivosdecorativos/5429084250/ Flickr | Bretislav Valek | http://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Reliance_Smart_Client.jpg
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Graubünden Tourism 28.6.2015: The Great Escape | Bündner entführen Städter in die Berge

Where does it go? Into the Ambience…

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ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

DIY - Hardware Creation

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Smart Space Orchestration

Physical World Physical World Computer Virtual World Computer

}

Image Source: http://blogs.imediaconnection.com/blog/2013/05/30/the-true-impact-of-an-app-economy/
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Three parts

  • DIY HW
  • Build an actual hardware device
  • Work with a microcontroller
  • DIY SW
  • Learn about semantic modeling, middleware, blackboard coupling,

autonomous management, …

  • P2P Measurements
  • Learn about doing and evaluating measurements in a distributed

system.

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ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

ID card-based Reconfiguration of a Smart Room

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Profile mop Profile b Profile Standby

The ID cards can be used to configure Smart Environments

Profile Store

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Profile mop Profile b Profile Standby

ID card Profile Store Profile mop Profile b Profile Standby

The ID cards can be used to configure Smart Environments

alarm ceiling light PC shutters …

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“So what?”

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DIY Hardware

13€ 60€ 10€ 40€

<200€

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Dave Mellis Tom Igoe Gianluca Martino David Cuartielles Massimo Banzi time 2005 Creating your own hardware is difficult. Creating your own hardware is easy. *HW Maker Culture

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

TWO DIY Maker Cultures

DIY Hardware

DIY Software

Arduino DS2OS Smart Device Smart Space App time ?

A computing system that is typically embedded, interfaces its environment via sensors and actuators, and can be remotely managed.

2005

Portable easy-to-program applications that manage smart environments.

47

Creating your own IoT Software Apps is difficult. Creating your own IoT Software Apps is easy.

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

DIY Hardware

DIY Hardware

DIY Software Arduino DS2OS Smart Device Smart Space App time 2016

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ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

s2o - hardware

Marc-Oliver Pahl

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

What is this about?

Smart Devices

A hardware device that can sense and interact with its environment via sensors and actuators, and that can be managed remotely using software is called Smart Device.

Smart Spaces

A physical space that contains smart devices is called Smart Space.

Smart Space Orchestration

Monitoring and controlling (managing) Smart Devices within a Smart Space with software is called Smart Space Orchestration.

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Creating Hardware

time 2005 Creating your own hardware is difficult. Creating your own hardware is easy.

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Massimo Banzi - one of the creators of Arduino 2012 TED talk

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Arduino Video

  • Arduino
  • Created 2005 at IVREA for simplifying interaction design class
  • Industrie 3.0 (create objects on your own)
  • Open Source Hardware => Makers Movement
  • “you have unlocked” … “I just feel overwhelmed” … “going into

every field you could imagine”

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Do It Yourself (DIY) Hardware

You will experience it in this lab…

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

Introduction to Electronics

The electrical engineering details will not be part of the exam. Slides by Alexander Güssow

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Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

How is a Breadboard cabled?

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Agenda

  • Introduction to Electronics

– Voltage and current – Units and parameters – Resistance: Ohms Law and Kirchhoff's Laws – (Light Emitting) Diodes

  • Common Sensor types

2

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Voltage in practice

  • Voltage 𝒗 𝒖 : ℝ → ℝ
  • Always measured between two points
  • 𝑣 𝑢 = 𝑑 where 𝑑 ∈ ℝ

DC Voltage

  • 𝑣 𝑢 = û sin 2𝜌𝑔𝑢

AC Voltage

  • Touching >50V AC or >120V DC can harm you

7

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Voltmeters measure static and fluctuating voltages

Source: Fluke 80 Series V User Manual, May 2004 Rev.2, 11/08, page 14 8

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Oscilloscopes display time-variant voltage curves

Source: https://www.adafruit.com/products/2145, 18.11.2015

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Current

  • Voltage sources: Pump analogy
  • Closing the circuit

– Charge Flow?

Current is the charge flow rate in a circuit in Coulomb/s.

10

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Current in practice

  • Current 𝒋 𝒖 : ℝ → ℝ
  • Different charged particles
  • Actual direction unknown
  • Closed electric circuit
  • Stopping large currents quickly is dangerous

11

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Ammeters measure static and fluctuating currents

Source: Fluke 80 Series V User Manual, May 2004 Rev.2, 11/08, page 25 12

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Voltage and Current

Measurements

14 Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Masc henregel.svg, 19.11.15 Source: Adapted from http://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/grd/0201113.htm, 19.11.15

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Common units and parameters

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Name Symbol SI-Unit Formula Voltage U or u(t) or V V Current I or i(t) A Electric Power P W 𝑄 = 𝑉 ⋅ 𝐽 Electric Energy W Ws, J 𝑋 = 𝑄 ⋅ 𝑢 Electrical resistance R Ohm (Ω) 𝑆 = 𝑉/𝐽

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Ohms Law

  • R is constant
  • One free variable remains
  • Intrinsic property
  • Physical device: Resistor
  • Color of the rings encodes

their value

Resistance

𝑆 = 𝑉 𝐽 Resistor (circuit symbol) Resistor (picture)

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SLIDE 68

Source: Adapted from https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d7/FourIVcurves.svg, 19.11.15

𝐽(𝑉) = 𝑉 ⋅ 1 𝑆

Resistor Current-Voltage characteristic

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Resistor color codes

Source: http://www.digikey.com/- /media/Images/Marketing/Resources/Calcul ators/resistor-color-chart.jpg, 19.11.15 18

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Kirchhoffs 1st Law

„The sum of currents into and out of any single node of a network is always zero.“ Pay attention to the direction of the current-arrows:

  • Arrows into a node are positive
  • Arrows out of a node are negative

Kirchhoffs 1st law holds for all nodes in a circuit.

𝑗𝑙

𝑜 𝑙=1

= 0

Source: http://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/grd/0608011.htm, 19.11.2015

𝐽 − 𝐽1 − 𝐽2 − 𝐽3 = 0

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Kirchhoff%27s_Current_Law.svg, 19.11.2015

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Kirchhoffs 2nd Law

„The sum of Voltages in any closed loop through a cirquit is always zero.“ Source: http://www.elektronik-kompendium.de/sites/grd/0608011.htm, as of 19.11.2015

𝑉2 + 𝑉1 − 𝑉𝑟1 − 𝑉𝑟2 = 0

Source: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Kirshhoff-example.svg, as of 19.11.2015

𝜁1 − 𝑆1 ⋅ 𝑗1

𝑃ℎ𝑛𝑡 𝑀𝑏𝑥

− 𝑆2 ⋅ 𝑗2 = 0 𝜁2 − 𝜁1 − 𝑆2 ⋅ 𝑗2 − 𝑆3 ⋅ 𝑗3 = 0

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Resistor superposition

Series circuit 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑚 = 𝑆𝑙

𝑜 𝑙=1

Parallel circuit 𝑆𝑢𝑝𝑢𝑏𝑚 = 1 1 𝑆𝑙

𝑜 𝑙=1

Source: http://www.iris.uni-stuttgart.de/lehre/eggenberger/eti/, Chapter 8, as of 19.11.2015

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Voltage divider circuit

Known: U Wanted: R1 and R2 such that U1 and U2 are what we want

  • Choose two of: I, R1, R2
  • Then solve:

𝑉1 = 𝑉 𝑆1 𝑆𝑘

𝑜 𝑘=0

  • Loading the output also

changes U1 and U2

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Einfacher- unbelasteter-Spannungsteiler.svg, as of 19.11.2015

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Current divider circuit

Given I, R1 and R2, what are I1 and I2? 𝐽1 = 𝐽 1/ 1/𝑆𝑘

𝑜 𝑘=0

𝑆1

Source: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Stromteiler.svg, as of 19.11.2015

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(Light Emitting) Diodes – I-V Diagram

Source: http://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/76367/accounting-for- led-resistance, as of 19.11.15

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LEDs I-V Diagram, Case specs

Source: http://www.electronics.dit.ie/staff/tscarff/DT089_Physical_Computing_1 /LEDS/Leds.htm, as of 19.11.15

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How to actually use LEDs

  • 𝐽𝐸𝑗𝑝𝑒𝑓 𝑊

𝐸 = 𝐽𝑇 𝑓

𝑊𝐸 𝑜⋅𝑊𝑈 − 1

  • Current rises exponentially with voltage
  • Diodes will break if the 𝐽𝐺 current is exceeded
  • Linearize & shift this using a Resistor in Series
  • Kirchhoff‘s 1st gives: 𝐽𝑀𝐹𝐸 = 𝐽𝑆 so let 𝐽 = 𝐽𝐺

𝑛𝑏𝑦

  • Choose suitable R such that the LED is only at about

80% 𝐽𝐺

𝑛𝑏𝑦 when the circuit is operating

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Resistor-Diode and Diode I-V Diagram

Source: Own work using LTSpice simulation program, IN4148 Diode

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Common Sensors

Resistive type

  • Used like a resistor
  • Resistance will change

with measure

  • Correlation can be non-

linear Digital type

  • Analog – Digital

conversion on-chip

  • Digital signal

– PWM (Automotive) – Manufacturer specific protocol – Bus (I2C, CAN, ...)

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SLIDE 80

Microcontroller interfaces

I2C / TWI GND, TCL, SDA Master-Slave-Bus GPIOs PxN, i.e. PB1

29

UART / Serial TIA-232-F GND, Rx, Tx Point-to-Point SPI SCLK, MOSI, MISO, nSS / nCS Master-Slave-Bus Selected Star or Daisy-Chaining

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SLIDE 81

Using Manufacturer Specific Interfaces

  • Read Datasheet

– Voltage levels – Timing requirements – Sample comm diagrams

  • Debugging tools (multimeter, oscilloscope

protocol analyzer)

  • Real time requirements
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SLIDE 82

(Embedded) Computer Architecture

Bare metal

  • Avoid non-determination
  • Get maximum run time
  • Similar to OS-like solutions

– Preemption – Priorities – Cyclic approach – Event driven approach

Operating system

  • Desktop OS are non-

deterministic

  • Real time OS (RTOS)

– Priority Scheduling – Preemptive Scheduling

  • System libraries run time is

known / bounded

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SLIDE 83

Arduino Mega 2560

  • 16 MHz ATmega2560
  • 8 kB RAM
  • GPIO, max. 1 MHz
  • UART, I2C, SPI
  • ADC, (PWMDAC)
  • Bare Bones

34

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Arduino Hardware Architecture

36

ATmegaX: 8-Bit Harvard RISC

Source(s): https://nishantnath.com/2012/03/23/introduction-to-atmega-microcontrollers/, as of 23.05.16

USB/Programmer (ATmega16U2)

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ds2os.org/

Orchestration Distributed Smart 2pace System

The DS2OS Solution

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Abstraction

Knowledge Agent

Knowledge Repository

Knowledge Manager

Gateway

Actuator Sensor

Gateway Gateway

subscribe notify get set

Service UI Service Service Service

subscribe notify get set virtual nodes

Heterogeneous Smart Devices Bidirectional Adaptation Context Management Orchestration Workflows, etc. People

Interface Devices

Interface Devices Physical World

Level of Abstraction

Physical World Devices Services Context
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SLIDE 88

A VSL-driven Smart Space

Services VSL Overlay Hardware Underlay

Other Services Gateway Services Logical Connectivity Physical Connectivity

Knowledge Agent

Gateway

Advanced Reasoning

Orchestration User Interface ...

Actuator Sensor

DS2OS Site Local Global

CentralModel Repository App Store

P2P search

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SLIDE 89

Summary Today Part I

  • some historical background of computing
  • Reasons why S2O is difficult
  • basic terminology
  • the relation between Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality, and Pervasive Computing
  • the difference between Ubiquitous Computing, Distributed Computing, Mobile

Computing, and Pervasive Computing

  • HW Making Background
  • Electronics and Physics basics

HIWIS

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SLIDE 90
  • Dr. Arne Bröring
  • University Münster (Diploma)
  • PhD University of Twente (Enschede)
  • 52° North
  • Interoperability of Sensors and IoT
  • ESRI Zürich
  • since 2015 Siemens CT