The Fifteen Minute Scientific Presentation: an Introduction Michael - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Fifteen Minute Scientific Presentation: an Introduction

Michael O’Reilly, MD, MPH Advisor FETP Thailand

Overview I

• Types of scientific presentations
• Knowing your audience
• IMRAD presentation structure

Overview II

• Slide Types
• Title Slides
• Introduction

(Background)

• Objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusions
• Discussion
• Limitations
• Recommendations
• Acknowledgements
• Thank You Slides

Overview III

• Fonts & Colors
• Layout & Background
• Text density/approaches to composing text
• Scripts
• Graphics
• Animation
• Bullets

Modes of Scientific Communication

• Lecture w/o slides
• Oral presentation with slides
• Poster
• Manuscript

15 Minutes of Communication: Various Examples

• Village health volunteer describes

working on a week-long post flood leptospirosis outbreak and control project to a friend

• One FETP trainee describes working on

this project to another trainee

• An FETP trainee presents this

investigation at regional TEPHINET

Types of Slide Presentations

• Exhortative
• Persuasive
• Narrative
• Informative
• Training
• Overview (also review or plenary talk)
• Informal scientific
• Formal scientific

Informative Presentations: Training Example

Opportunistic Infections

Treatment and Prevention

Opportunistic Infections

Treatment and Prevention

Jonathan E. Kaplan, M.D. Jonathan E. Kaplan, M.D.

Informative Presentations: Overview Example

Mobile Populations and HIV Drug Resistance in Asia

Michael O’Reilly, MD, MPH Technical Advisor FETP Thailand

Informative Presentations: Formal Scientific Examples

Poultry Mortality Investigation in Prey Veng Province, Cambodia 6-7 April 2006

• Dr. Holl Davun

Avian influenza A (H5N1): Outbreak of human infections in Thailand

23 April 2004 Yongjua Laosiritaworn M.D. FETP , Bureau of Epidemiology (BoE) Ministry of Public Health , Thailand

Knowing Your Audience

• Gauging knowledge level of audience
• Create profile of target audience

member

• Review each slide and evaluate its

effectiveness for TAM

• Examples of slides on same topic

calibrated to different audiences

Target Audience Member (TAM)

NEJM editor’s target reader:

• Primary care physician (generalist)
• Busy clinical practice
• Rural setting – limited contact with

“experts”

• Devotes 1 night per month to reading

medical journals

Target Audience Member

Creating profiles:

• Peer from parallel organization
• If general meeting, not specialists
• If specialist meeting, not sub-specialists
• Judge, if interested in competition
• Must fit with presentation guidelines

Exercise: TAM

Spend 5 minutes in groups of four discussing who your TAM is for:

• Dengue outbreak article to be published in

WHO Bulletin

• Case control study of Vibrio parahemolyticus
• utbreak at a wedding dinner, presented at

TEPHINET

• Descriptive study of 5 years’ data on RTI in

your nation’s capitol city published in the Journal Injury

Exercise: TAM Profile Creation

Content: AI surveillance evaluation: Nakhonnayok Province, 2005-2006

• Team I
• FETP trainee from Central Asia
• Team II
• TEPHINET/John Snow Award Judge
• Team III
• Provincial health technical officer from Lopburi
• Team IV
• Minister of Health/Permanent Secretary & Staff

Aristotle and IMRAD

• The underlying structure of scientific

communication can be traced back more than 2500 years to the time of Aristotle

• Aristotle’s text, Nicomachean Ethics,

contains some of the earliest examples of the structure that we currently use

• This structure is counter-intuitive; it goes

against the structure of most exposition

IMRaD

• Introduction
• Methods (and Materials)
• Results (and)
• Discussion

IMRaD translated to Slides

• Introduction
• Methods (and Materials)
• Results (and)
• Discussion

Objectives Limitations Conclusions Recommendations Title Slide Acknowledgements

Title Slides

Necessary components: Disease/syndrome/illness Time of study Place Name of presenter

Title Slides

Optional components:

• Specific strain of virus/bacteria
• Specific study population
• Collaborators
• Affiliations
• Day of presentation

Titles: Types

• Explanatory
• Interrogatory
• Declarative
• Witty

Explanatory Titles

• A study of risk factors for Pertussis

infection, Thailand: 2004-2007 [primary risk factor: school crowding]

Interrogatory: Types

• Is school crowding a risk factor for

Pertussis infection in Thailand?

Declarative Titles

• School crowding: a risk factor for

Pertussis infection in Thailand

• School crowding doubles risk of

Pertussis infection in Thailand, 2003- 2007

Witty Titles

• Whooping it up in crowded schools:

Pertussis in Thailand, 2003-2007

Witty Titles

• Got Milk? Is a popular advertising

campaign on TV, radio and magazines in the US

• The ads show entertainers and sports

figures with “milk mustaches” enjoying a fresh glass of milk

Witty Titles: What to Avoid

• Dr. Supalert submitted an abstract on a

small food poisoning outbreak derived from school milk supplements to EIS International Night 2004

• A dim witted FETP advisor persuaded
• Dr. Supalert to change his title to:

Got Food Poisoning? A gastroenteritis

• utbreak in province A, Thailand,

associated with school milk, 2004

An Investigation of Influenza A Outbreak in Boarding Schools, Yunnan Province, China, 2005

Introduction/Background

What intro slides do:

• Give audience perspective on work
• Global
• National
• Local
• Historical
• Cite evidence that supports or refutes
• r questions related hypotheses
• Give a sense of place (setting)

Intro Slides

Components:

• Microbiology/virology of etiologic agent
• Clinical manifestations
• Mode of transmission
• Surveillance data or other info on

disease burden

• Risk factor epidemiology

Intro Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: No more than 2-3 intro slides total May include 0 or 1 intro slides

Case-control study of risk factors for Vibrio cholerae infection in a refugee camp, Thailand, 2005

Chawanee Sintuvongsanon Hanshaoworakul W., Areechokchai D. Pongkankham W., Suchatsunton C. Sukmee T., Sodprakod C. Iamsirithaworn S., Siriarayaporn P. FETP-Thailand Bureau of Epidemiology Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health

Tak Province

• Tak is a border province,

3 Karen refugee camps

• On 16 July 2005, more

than 100 cholera cases in Maela refugee camp, District E, Tak province were reporteded

• On 19 July, FETP went to

investigate the outbreak

2

Background

Maela camp Umpium camp Nupo camp

Myanmar

Map of Tak province and Map of Tak province and the refugee cam ps the refugee cam ps

Objectives

What objectives slides do:

• Tell audience the focus of your work
• Narrows and deepens the questions

that will arise in audience’s mind

• Gives the audience a way to hold you

accountable for the content of your talk

Objectives Slides

Outbreak Investigation Components:

• Verify outbreak
• Determine etiologic agent
• Determine source
• Determine risk factors
• Control measures

Objectives Slides

Research/surveillance project:

• States research question
• May include sub-analyses

Objectives Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: 1 slide *Do not confuse objectives of the talk with objectives of the study

Hand Foot & Mouth Disease Outbreak in Sukhothai Province, Thailand: May-July 2005

Rome Buathong1, MD.

Waraluk Tangkanakul2 , MD. , MPH. Panuwat Panket3,MD. Yoawapa Pongsuwana4, DVM.,PhD. Sopon Iamsirithaworn1,5, MD., MPH., PhD. Micheal O’reilly1,5, MD., MPH.

1FETP, Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control (DDC) 2Bureau of General Communicable Diseases , DDC 3Kongkrailas Community Hospital, Sukhothai Province 4 National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Science 5Bureau of Epidemiology, DDC

Ministry of Public Health, Thailand

Objectives

1.To verify etiology of the outbreak. 2.To describe the epidemiology of the outbreak. 3.To identify risk factors associated with HFMD. 4.To implement appropriate disease control and prevention measures.

Methods Slides

What methods slides do:

• Reassure your audience that you are

using appropriate analytic, laboratory and investigative techniques

• Specify types of laboratory or

biostatistical techniques when 1 or more method could be appropriate

• Other important data

Methods Slides

Components:

• Study design
• Setting
• Case definition
• Data collection
• Laboratory methods
• Analytic methods

Methods Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: about 2-3 slides *Do not overlap intro/background and methods

Avian influenza A (H5N1):

• utbreak of human infections in

Thailand

23 April 2004 Yongjua Laosiritaworn M.D. FETP , Bureau of Epidemiology (BoE) Ministry of Public Health , Thailand

Notified case

• Admitted pneumonia or influenza or any cases R/O

avian influenza with history of

– contact to the sick or death poultry within 7 days before

• nset or

– living in the village where there was abnormal death of poultry within 14 days before onset or – Contact to other pneumonia patients

Suspect:

• Notified case with severe pneumonia, or pneumonia

with positive laboratory test for Influenza A Confirmed:

• Patient who has laboratory confirmation of H5N1

Case definition

An Investigation of Influenza A Outbreak in Boarding Schools, Yunnan Province, China, 2005

Method - Laboratory Investigation

• Throat swabs were collected from

children within the first 3 days of illness onset

• Specimens were analyzed in the

laboratory of Yunnan CDC

• Influenza virus was isolated on Madin

Darby canine Kidney (MDCK) cells

A Large Outbreak of Brucellosis among Farm Workers, Western Thailand - 2005

Theerayudh Sukmee1, Bumrungsana K.1, O’Reilly M.1,

• D. Ari M.4, Rangsin R.5, Leelayoova S.5, Chanachai K.1,

Choomkasean P.2, Wattanasri S.2, Siriarayaporn P.2

• 1. Field Epidemiology Training Program - Thailand, Bureau of Epidemiology
• 2. Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public health.
• 3. Thailand MOPH – US CDC collaboration (TUC)
• 4. Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC
• 5. Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Thailand.

Statistical analyses

• Two-sided T tests used for

univariate analysis.

• Risk factors with p ≤ 0.20 were

included in multivariate analysis.

• Logistic-regression model

developed by forward and change

• f estimate criteria.

Results

What results slides do:

• Show descriptive statistics on ill and

non-ill persons studied

• State laboratory results
• Show results for primary analysis
• Show results for secondary analysis
• Can include observations from

environmental survey

Results Slides

Components:

• Table of characteristics of ill and non-ill persons
• Epi curve
• Attack rates
• Site map, where appropriate
• Univariate analysis results
• Multivariate analysis results
• P values or CIs for measures of association
• Other

Results Slides

Components:

• Viral/bacterial isolation yield
• Serology, PCR, rapid test, IFA or other

results

• Dendogram
• Nucleotide sequences
• Other
• Photos of environment

Results Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: 2-5 slides *Be selective; often, not all results can be included in a 15 minute talk

Case-control study of risk factors for Vibrio cholerae infection in a refugee camp, Thailand, 2005

Chawanee Sintuvongsanon Hanshaoworakul W., Areechokchai D. Pongkankham W., Suchatsunton C. Sukmee T., Sodprakod C. Iamsirithaworn S., Siriarayaporn P. FETP-Thailand Bureau of Epidemiology Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health

Attack rate by zone A = 3.6/1000 pop B = 4.6/1000 pop C = 6.5/1000 pop C

C3 C1A C1B C4 C2 C5 B1 B2 B3 B4 A1 A2 A3 A4 A5 B5

1.6 5.8 7.1 0.9 2.7 3.8 5.0 4.2 4.8 5.6 14.0 5.3 3.7 6.9 8.9

Attack rate of cholera cases by section per 1000 population A B

11

Human Influenza A/H5N1 Cases Investigation in Urban Settings, China, 2006

Huai Yang M.D.

International FETP-Thailand Office for Disease Control and Emergency Response, Chinese CDC E-mail: huaiyang12@gmail.com

Entry Entry Entry

Slaughter Store Sell

Limitations Slides

What limitations slides do:

• Reassure your audience that you have

a realistic understanding of your work’s ability to address hypotheses

• Present honestly and openly potential

weaknesses in your work

Limitations Slides

• Bias and Confounding
• Limited epi data
• Did not get all data expected from cases
• Poor response rate
• Other
• Limited laboratory results
• Testing not available
• Specimens not adequate
• Analytic assumptions that may be invalid
• Comparison groups not comparable
• Assumptions about disease rarity

Limitations Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: 1 slide Up to 4 items *Honest presentation of limitations increases the audience’s confidence in your results/analysis

Kusak Bumrungsena1, M. O’Reilly1, C. Jiraphongsa1,

• A. Wannachak1, P. Doung-ngern1, W. Pongkankham1,
• T. Sukmee1, L. Sangsuk 2, P. Siriarayapon1

1FETP – Thailand 2NIH, Department of Medical Sciences

Retrospective Cohort Study of a Large Foodborne Botulism Outbreak in Thailand March, 2006

• In some early cases inadequate amount
• f serum collected or serum collected

after administration of antitoxin.

• We could not collect other suspected

foods.

• In emergency situation, clinical records

may have been incomplete. Also, we relied on proxies for data in severe cases.

Limitations

Conclusion

What conclusion slides do:

• Summarize key findings
• Focus audience’s attention on

important (sometimes unstated) material presented so far

• Provides a segue to discussion

Conclusion Slides

Components:

• Statement of etiology, if not obvious
• Statement of risk factor(s)
• Statement of what is not a risk factor
• Can include any key point in your

presentation

Conclusion Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: 0-1 slides *Try to avoid simply restating your results

Kusak Bumrungsena1, M. O’Reilly1, C. Jiraphongsa1,

• A. Wannachak1, P. Doung-ngern1, W. Pongkankham1,
• T. Sukmee1, L. Sangsuk 2, P. Siriarayapon1

1FETP – Thailand 2NIH, Department of Medical Sciences

Retrospective Cohort Study of a Large Foodborne Botulism Outbreak in Thailand March, 2006

• This was the largest foodborne botulism

type A outbreak ever reported

• High morbidity:
• 56% attack rate among bamboo eaters
• 43 (1/3 of admitted cases) intubated
• No mortality

Conclusions

A Large Outbreak of Brucellosis among Farm Workers, Western Thailand - 2005

Theerayudh Sukmee1, Bumrungsana K.1, O’Reilly M.1,

• D. Ari M.4, Rangsin R.5, Leelayoova S.5, Chanachai K.1,

Choomkasean P.2, Wattanasri S.2, Siriarayaporn P.2

• 1. Field Epidemiology Training Program - Thailand, Bureau of Epidemiology
• 2. Bureau of Epidemiology, Department of Disease Control, Ministry of Public health.
• 3. Thailand MOPH – US CDC collaboration (TUC)
• 4. Meningitis and Special Pathogens Branch, US CDC
• 5. Phramongkutklao College of Medicine, Thailand.

Conclusions

• 1. This brucellosis outbreak was

caused by occupational contact and inadequate self-protection.

• 2. High risk groups:
• Animal husbandry assistants
• Non-Thai workers
• 3. Obtaining goat blood practices

increased risk of getting the disease.

Discussion

What discussion slides do:

• Provides a space for thoughtful

discussion of a question that is addressed in the presentation, or one that arises from it

• Answers the question “So what?”

about your work

• Describes possible directions of future

work

Discussion Slides

Components:

• Paragraphs or key words signifying a

coherent paragraph of thought about your work and the health problem it addresses

• Highlights unanswered questions or

next intellectual steps

Discussion Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: 1-3 slides *These are the most important (and fun) slides in your presentation; don’t leave this work to the last minute

Kusak Bumrungsena1, M. O’Reilly1, C. Jiraphongsa1,

• A. Wannachak1, P. Doung-ngern1, W. Pongkankham1,
• T. Sukmee1, L. Sangsuk 2, P. Siriarayapon1

1FETP – Thailand 2NIH, Department of Medical Sciences

Retrospective Cohort Study of a Large Foodborne Botulism Outbreak in Thailand March, 2006

• Early diagnosis and rapid detection of

additional cases may have prevented some cases from developing respiratory failure outside of the hospital setting.

• Efficient use of good public health

system infrastructure (referrals of 25 intubated patients to 10 different hospitals)

• First botulism outbreak that utilized

antitoxin in Thailand

No Mortality !

Case-control study of risk factors for Vibrio cholerae infection in a refugee camp, Thailand, 2005

Chawanee Sintuvongsanon Hanshaoworakul W., Areechokchai D. Pongkankham W., Suchatsunton C. Sukmee T., Sodprakod C. Iamsirithaworn S., Siriarayaporn P. FETP-Thailand Bureau of Epidemiology Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health

Discussion

• Overcrowding of houses in the camp made distance

between latrines and wells shorter than recommended distance (30 m)

• Shallow well water used for cooking, washing

vegetables and so on, can contaminate food at many stages of preparation

• Karen eating culture for some foods: cook at

breakfast time; eat again at lunch without reheating (e.g. sticky rice, fish paste) - allows cholera to multiply

21

Recommendations

What recommendation slides do:

• Suggest practical next steps in

prevention/control of the disease of interest

• Point out ways to correct methodologic

flaws

• Provide a common sense approach to

resolving a problem

• Recommend initiating a new program –

such as surveillance

Recommendation Slides

Relative weight in 15 minute talk: 0-2 slides *Try not to reflexively recommend further study of the problem; make the recommendations practical; state if they have already been carried out

Recommendation Slides

Some people advocate for public health actions slides instead of recommendations slides

Case-control study of risk factors for Vibrio cholerae infection in a refugee camp, Thailand, 2005

Chawanee Sintuvongsanon Hanshaoworakul W., Areechokchai D. Pongkankham W., Suchatsunton C. Sukmee T., Sodprakod C. Iamsirithaworn S., Siriarayaporn P. FETP-Thailand Bureau of Epidemiology Department of Disease Control Ministry of Public Health

Recommendations

• Routine RSC in watery diarrhea cases should be performed

when there is an ongoing cholera outbreak in nearby areas

• If an adequate safe water is not available during the outbreak,

well water should be treated with chlorine before use

• Increase collaboration between NGO working in the camp and

Thai public health officials for early investigation and control

23

Practicing your presentation

• Budget time
• How and what to practice
• Where to practice
• Anticipating questions
• “Answer” slides

How and what to practice

• Basic contents
• Out loud 5 times
• Keep timing until within limits (or close)
• Transitions
• Most important aspect of slide presentation; makes your

talk coherent

• Questions
• Whenever audience is available, ask them to ask

questions

• Practice answering likely questions

Where to practice

• Practice at least once at the podium/stage

where you will present

• Observe how your slides project
• Pay attention to any special control knobs,

microphone requirements, etc.

Anticipating questions “Answer” slides

• Write out the 7-10 most likely questions

and practice answering them out loud

• Have the questioner pretend to be a

person likely to ask a question

• If you have time, prepare 3-5 slides that

provide support for the answer of a specific question

Titles

• Use of generic titles throughout a

presentation should be discouraged

• Especially uninteresting is a sequence of

Methods 1, Methods 2, etc.

• Use the title to convey more information,
• r get the audience excited

Text Density

• If your English is very good/excellent, use

a few key words for each point

• If your English is OK, use more words for

each point

• If your English is not good, use full

sentences and have your script mirror your text

Text Density

• English excellent: a few key words
• English OK: more words
• English not good: use full sentences

Text Density

• If your facility with spoken English is at a

very good or excellent level, consider using only a few key words for each point

• If your facility with English is at a

moderate level, try to use more words and more complex grammar for each point

• If your facility with English is poor, it

would be best to use full sentences, complex grammar and full punctuation

Scripts

• Write a script for every slide in a formal

presentation

• You can deviate from it if you are

comfortable during your presentation

• Writing the script forces you to construct

more coherent, grammatically correct speech

• Some people never use a script

Script and Text Interplay

• Try to make your spoken and written

words work together

• Reading the text is boring!
• If you list p values, consider saying CIs
• If you list raw counts, consider saying

percent

• Dependent on English ability and text

density

Guiding principles for tables, charts and graphs in slide presentations

• Simplicity
• Clarity
• Integrity
• Grace (not always obtainable)

Simplicity

• Maximize ink used on data
• Minimize ink used on everything else
• Plain is better than fancy for slide

presentations.

• Avoid distractions: grid lines, 3-D,

extraneous labels, fancy symbols

Struck by MV 39.6% Run over or backed over by MV 28.6% Fell out of MV 16.7% Other 15.1% 82.1% 0-3 4-9 14.1% 10-14 3.8% Left in MV in hot weather 34.6% Backed over by MV 26.9% Trunk Entrapment 9.0% MV put in motion by child 12.8% Other 16.7%

Age - Nonfatal injuries Age - Fatal injuries Type of incident – Nonfatal injuries Type of incident – Fatal injuries

Children Aged ≤ 14 Years Injured in or Around Motor Vehicles, July 2000 – June 2001

0-3 30.7% 4-9 43.8% 10-14 25.5%

Clarity: The Ten-Ten Rule

• Any graphic used in a scientific

presentation should be clear enough that a ten year-old can understand the point(s) of the graphic after viewing the slide (and hearing you speak) for 10 seconds.

10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 Reported Cas 2002 2003 2004-2005 2006 Years

Dengue Fever Cases in Poipet Districts A , B and C: 2002-2006

Dist A Dist B Dist C

Integrity: Proportion and Scale

• Are you including all appropriate data?
• Is the magnitude of each variable

presented in just proportion?

• Is the scale of your graphic fair?

HIV Prevalence among General Populations, Thailand 1989-2003

0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Percentag M ale conscripts Pregnant w

• men

Blood donors

1.36 1.38 1.4 1.42 1.44 1.46 1.48 1.5 1.52 1.54 1.56 2001 2002 ANC Surv PMTCT

HIV Prevalence Estimations among Ante Natal Clinic Attendees, Thailand 2001-2002

Scale

1 2 3 4 5 2001 2000 ANC Surv PMTCT

Scale

2 4 6 8 10 2001 2000 ANC Surv PMTCT

HIV Prevalence in High Risk Populations, Thailand 1989-2003

5 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

1989 1991 1993 1995 1997 1999 2001 2003

Percentag IDU Direct FSW Indirect FSW M ale STD

Scale

20 40 60 80 100 2001 2000 ANC Surv PMTCT

Grace

The elusive quality of a well-designed table, graph, or chart, presented with text that highlights key patterns present in the data without being too fancy or redundant.

Animation: Generally Avoid It

• Animation may distract the audience; the

effects may compete with science for the audience’s attention

• Animation effects may be too informal for

some meetings

• The audience may not take your work

seriously if you include a lot of animation

Selected Settings for Use of Animation

• Highlight important results
• Provide an unobtrusive segue
• Present dynamic aspects of figures

Font: Times New Roman

• Font should maximize clarity and ease of

viewing

• Several fonts that work well for manuscripts

and newspapers do not work well for slides

• Ansagna, arial, garamond are among the

recommended fonts

• New Times Roman*, copperplate gothic,

and comic are not recommended

Font: Arial

• Font should maximize clarity and ease of

viewing

• Several fonts that work well for

manuscripts and newspapers do not work well for slides

• Ansagna, arial, garamond are among the

recommended fonts

• New Times Roman*, copperplate gothic,

and comic are not recommended

Font: Angsana New

• Font should maximize clarity and ease of viewing
• Several fonts that work well for manuscripts and newspapers do not

work well for slides

• Ansagna, arial, garamond are among the recommended fonts
• New Times Roman*, copperplate gothic, and comic are not

recommended

Font: Garamond

• Font should maximize clarity and ease of

viewing

• Several fonts that work well for manuscripts and

newspapers do not work well for slides

• Ansagna, arial, garamond are among the

recommended fonts

• New Times Roman*, copperplate gothic, and

comic are not recommended

Font: Comic Sans MS

• Font should maximize clarity and ease of

viewing

• Several fonts that work well for

manuscripts and newspapers do not work well for slides

• Ansagna, arial, garamond are among the

recommended fonts

• New Times Roman*, copperplate gothic, and

comic are not recommended

Font: Copperplate Gothic

• font should maximize clarity and

ease of viewing

• Several fonts that work well for

manuscripts and newspapers do not work well for slides

• Ansagna, arial, garamond are

among the recommended fonts

• New Times Roman*, copperplate

gothic, and comic are not recommended

Font: Copperplate GOTHIC TITLE & Arial Arial Text

• Text and font should maximize clarity

and ease of viewing

• Several fonts that work well for

manuscripts and newspapers do not work well for slides

• Ansagna, arial, garamond are among

the recommended fonts

• Make fonts match

Colors

• Use of colors can relax, excite or irritate

your audience

• Some colors are much easier on the eye

than others: can you guess which?

• Avoid flashy; you are communicating

ideas, not selling cars or decorating cakes

• Colors appear differently with different

projectors

Colors

• Use of colors can relax, excite or irritate

your audience

• Some colors are much easier on the eye

than others: can you guess which?

• Avoid flashy; you are communicating

ideas, not selling cars or decorating cakes

• Colors appear differently with different

projectors

Colors

• Use of colors can relax, excite or irritate

your audience

• Some colors are much easier on the eye

than others: can you guess which?

• Avoid flashy; you are communicating

ideas, not selling cars or decorating cakes

• Colors appear differently with different

projectors

Colors

• Use of colors can relax, excite or irritate

your audience

• Some colors are much easier on the eye

than others: can you guess which?

• Avoid flashy; you are communicating

ideas, not selling cars or decorating cakes

• Colors appear differently with different

projectors

Colors

• Use of colors can relax, excite or irritate

your audience

• Some colors are much easier on the eye

than others: can you guess which?

• Avoid flashy; you are communicating

ideas, not selling cars or decorating cakes

• Colors appear differently with different

projectors

Colors

• Use of colors can relax, excite or irritate

your audience

• Some colors are much easier on the eye

than others: can you guess which?

• Avoid flashy; you are communicating

ideas, not selling cars or decorating cakes

• Colors appear differently with different

projectors

Text & Background Color Interplay

• For dark background, use light text font
• For light background, use dark text
• Avoid clashing colors
• Complex background may compete with

text and graphics

Text & Background Color Interplay

• For dark background, use light text font
• For light background, use dark text
• Avoid clashing colors
• Complex background may compete with

text and graphics

Text & Background Color Interplay

• For dark background, use light text font
• For light background, use dark text
• Avoid clashing colors
• Complex background may compete with

text and graphics

Text & Background Color Interplay

• For dark background, use light text font
• For light background, use dark text
• Avoid clashing colors
• Complex background may compete with

text and graphics

Asia Regional Activities Program: Overview

Kimberley Fox, MD, MPH Global AIDS Program Thailand MOPH—U.S. CDC Collaboration 26 February 2004

Slide Order: One Scheme

• Title
• Intro
• Objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• Discussion
• Limitations
• Recommendations

Slide Order: Alternatives

• Title
• Objectives
• Intro
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• Discussion
• Limitations
• Recommendations

Slide Order: Alternatives

• Title
• Intro
• Objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• Discussion
• Limitations
• Recommendations

Slide Order: Alternatives

• Title
• Intro
• Objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Discussion
• Limitations
• Conclusion
• Recommendations

Slide Order: Alternatives

• Title
• Intro
• Objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• Discussion

(Limitations)

• Recommendations

Slide Order: Alternatives

• Title
• Intro
• Objectives
• Methods
• Results
• Conclusion
• Discussion

(Limitations) (Recommendations)

Acknowledgement Slides

• Include appropriate persons/organizations

not listed on title slide:

• Local public health staff
• Laboratory colleagues
• Mentors
• Supervisors
• Peer colleagues
• Partner organizations
• Spell names correctly
• How many people/organizations to include?

Thank You Slide

• Not in many/most western presentations
• In more Asian presentations
• Often includes a photo
• Use judgment in selecting photo
• Photo may highlight setting, especially for

international presentation

• May be witty
• Avoid excessive informality
• May not have time to include both a thank

you slide and an acknowledgement slide

Thank you for your Attention

Hang in there & Thanks!

THANK YOU

Thanks for Your Attention

Day of Presentation

• Be cool
• Carry some water to sip
• Avoid excessive caffeine intake
• Assume a sympathetic audience
• Speak to your TAM
• If you are anxious, imagine that the

audience is sitting in the auditorium dressed only in their underwear

Final Thoughts

• Avoid discussion topics in results
• Do not include results in discussion or

conclusion

• If English is not your native language,

ask for help with grammar and spelling

• Be consistent with punctuation, tense

and structural components of slides

• Tufte and the Gettysburg address