The European Union EU processens niver Politiker Tjnstemn - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The European Union

EU – processens nivåer

Politiker Tjänstemän Genomförare

Var finns aktörerna?

Politiker (Parlament/ministerråd) Tjänstemän/pol

(Kommissionen, nationella företrädare)

Genomförare

(Kommuner, org/mynd, konsulter/ftg)

Policy Program Projekt, uppdrag

Politikerna

Minister- rådet Parla- mentet Rev rätten Regionkommittén Ek/soc kommittén

Projektg enomförare

Offentliga

• rganisationer

Högskolor, universitet Forsknings- center Företagen

EU-kommissionen Generaldirektoraten

Hur utvecklas en EU-policy?

Återföring av resultat

• ch erfarenheter

EU efter krisen - tre framgångsvägar

• 1. Gemensamt EU-regelverk för den finansiella sektorn
• 2. Mer gemensam styrning av politiken för att nå ekonomisk balans (=

”governance”)

• 3. Bättre koordinerad politik för tillväxt och jobb = Europa 2020

Utgångspunkter EU 2020

• EU2020 är en ny tillväxtstrategi anpassad efter krisen som ska

hjälpa till att omvandla EU. Jmf m Lissabonstrategin har EU 2020 färre men mätbara mål, tydligare uppföljning och sanktioner

• EU2020 har inga ”egna” pengar, nyckeln till ekonomisk tillväxt

är reformering av politiken - strukturellt och i hur vi spenderar

• ffentliga medel
• EU 2020 kommer att använda alla existerande EU-policies,

funktioner, lagar samt finansiella och samordningsinstrument

Utgångspunkter EU 2020 (2)

• Gemensamma prioriteringar och investeringar över gränserna

ger större resultat för mindre pengar

• Sverige kan inte ensamt konkurrera med t ex tillväxtekonomier

i Asien. Genom samarbete (synergier) kan vi effektivisera, göra besparingar och utnyttja den inre marknaden. EX: ”global challenges” i FP 8!

• Spelrummet är stort - EU 2020 fungerar som ett paraply där

det är högt i tak och gott om plats för nationella, lokala och regionala idéer för tillväxt

EU 2020

• SMART TILLVÄXT – UTVECKLA EN EKONOMI BASERAD PÅ

KUNSKAP OCH INNOVATION

• HÅLLBAR TILLVÄXT – FRÄMJA EN RESURSEFFEKTIVARE,

GRÖNARE OCH KONKURRENSKRAFTIGARE EKONOMI

• TILLVÄXT FÖR ALLA – STIMULERA EN EKONOMI MED HÖG

SYSSELSÄTTNING OCH EKONOMISK, SOCIAL OCH TERRITORIELL SAMMANHÅLLNING

Målen för EU 2020

75% av befolkningen i åldrarna 20-64 ska vara sysselsatta. 3% av EU: s BNP ska investeras i forskning och utveckling Klimat- och energimålen "20/20/20" ska vara uppfyllda (inklusive en ökning av utsläppsminskningarna till 30% om förutsättningarna är de rätta) Andelen elever som slutar skolan tidigare ska vara under 10%

• ch minst 40% av den yngre generationen ska ha en

högskoleexamen.

Koppling målen EU - Sverige

75 % av befolkningen i åldrarna 20–64 ska ha ett arbete

Sverige eftersträvar en höjning till väl över 80 procent till år 2020, främst i grupper med en svag förankring på arbetsmarknaden samt ökning av kvinnors sysselsättningsgrad

3 % av EU:s BNP ska investeras i FoU

Ungefär 4 procent av BNP år 2020 (offentliga och privata investeringar i FoU)

Energi- och klimatmålen ”20/20/20” ska nås

Sveriges har åtagit sig att minska utsläppen av växthusgaser med 17 procent jämfört med 2005.Sveriges nationella klimatmål är att våra utsläpp bör vara 40 procent lägre än utsläppen 1990 samt andelen förnybar energi ska öka till 49 procent 2020

Andelen ungdomar som slutar skolan i förtid ska vara under 10 % och minst 40 % av den yngre generationen ska ha avslutad högre utbildning

Andelen 18-24-åringar som inte avslutat gymnasiestudier och som inte studerar ska vara mindre än 10 procent år 2020. Andelen 30-34 åringar som har minst en tvåårig eftergymnasial utbildning ska uppgå till 40-45 procent år 2020

Antalet personer som hotas av fattigdom ska minska med 20 miljoner

Öka den sociala delaktigheten genom att minska andelen som är utanför arbetsmarknaden , långtidsarbetslösa eller långtidssjukskrivna till väl under 14 % år 2020

EU2020 Nationella mål Regionen: nuläge Regionen: målsättn 75 % av befolkningen i åldrarna 20–64 ska ha ett arbete ”…väl över 80 procent…” 3 % av EU:s BNP ska investeras i FoU ”…ungefär 4 procent av BNP” Energi- och klimatmålen ”20/20/20” ska nås ”…17/40/49…” Dropouts >10%, andelen högre utbildn < 40% ” <10 %/40-45%...” Antalet personer som hotas av fattigdom ska minska med 20 miljoner ”…att minska andelen som är utanför arbetsmarknaden , långtidsarbetslösa eller långtidssjukskrivna till väl under 14 % år 2020…”

EU 2020: De sju flaggskeppen

Smart Growth Sustainable Growth Inclusive Growth

Innovation « Innovation Union » Climate, energy and mobility « Resource efficient Europe » Employment and skills « An agenda for new skills and jobs » Education « Youth on the move » Competitiveness « An industrial policy for the globalisation era » Fighting poverty « European platform against poverty » Digital society « A digital agenda for Europe »

An agenda for new skills and jobs

• A better functioning labour market
• A more highly skilled work force
• Better jobs and working conditions
• New jobs / job creation

→ 2011 – focus on discussing labour market reforms with EU countries. → 2012 – EU skills panorama up and running...

Smart Growth Sustainable Growth Inclusive Growth Innovation « Innovation Union » Climate, energy and mobility « Resource efficient Europe » Employment and skills « An agenda for new skills and jobs » Education « Youth on the move » Competitiveness « An industrial policy for the globalisation era » Fighting poverty « European platform against poverty » Digital society « A digital agenda for Europe »

The European Platform against poverty and social exclusion

• Improved access to work, social security, essential

services

• Better use of EU funds to support social inclusion and

combat discrimination

• Support social innovation
• New partnerships between

the public and private sector

Smart Growth Sustainable Growth Inclusive Growth Innovation « Innovation Union » Climate, energy and mobility « Resource efficient Europe » Employment and skills « An agenda for new skills and jobs » Education « Youth on the move » Competitiveness « An industrial policy for the globalisation era » Fighting poverty « European platform against poverty » Digital society « A digital agenda for Europe »

Youth on the move

• Making education and training more relevant to young

people's needs

• Training and work abroad possible for all
• Reduce early school-leaving, more second chance

education

• Reduce youth unemployment
• Workplace learning
• Entrepreneurship
• Self-employment

Smart Growth Sustainable Growth Inclusive Growth Innovation « Innovation Union » Climate, energy and mobility « Resource efficient Europe » Employment and skills « An agenda for new skills and jobs » Education « Youth on the move » Competitiveness « An industrial policy for the globalisation era » Fighting poverty « European platform against poverty » Digital society « A digital agenda for Europe »

EU funding instruments

• The EU provides significant amounts of founding to improve

employment, skills and social inclusion:

• The European Social fund (ESF): €75 billion for the period 2007-

2013.

• The PROGRESS Programme: €680 million for 2007 -20013 to

support employment and social solidarity through activities with a direct European dimension.

• The European Globalisation Adjustment Fund (EGF): is designed

to provide emergency support in case of sudden large scale layoffs in a given region or sector, unlike the ESF, which is based

• n 7 year planning. € 500 million are available each year for

training, re-skilling and job counseling programmes designed by national or regional authorities.

Unemployment in the European Union

The number of unemployed in the EU continued to grow in March 2012; the EU unemployment rate is at 10.2% and divergences keeps growing The youth unemployment rate has risen faster that for adults, and reached 22.6%in March Long-term unemployed is at a high, accounting for 4.3% of the active population

Labour market EU 27 The Netherlands Sweden Employment rate (15 – 64) 64.3 % 74,9% 74.1% Employment rate

• f older workers

47.4% 56,1% 72.3% Persons employed part-time of total employment 19.5% 49,1% 26% Hours worked per week of full-time employment 41.8% (2007) 40,8 (2008) 40.9% (2008) Unemployment 9.7 % 4,4 % 7.5% Long-term unemployment 4.1% 1,5% 1.4% Public expenditure on labour market policies % of GDP 2.1% (2009) 2,9% (2009) 1.8% (2010)

The Welfare State models and reality

Welfare Models (1)

Corporatist Model

• Companies and unions as

partners

• Work-place based benefits
• Emphasis on social

solidarity

• Key role for voluntary

sector → typical of the continental Europe Social Democratic Model

• Universal benefits from

state

• High benefits and high

taxes

• Emphasis on redistribution
• Active employment

policies

Welfare Models (2)

Liberal Model

• Clear distinction between the deserving and undeserving,
• Limited benefits and low taxes
• Encouragement to stay in work
• Use private sector if possible

Poverty rates The welfare states of continental Europe and social democratic Sweden seem better at tackling poverty than either the UK or the USA.

The Netherlands and Rotterdam

It is one of the largest ports in the world Rotterdam is the second-largest city in the Netherlands

Population:

Source: Centre for Research and Statistics (COS) – Jan 2009

Surface area in Km2 319.35

• Of which land

205.90

• Of which water

113.45 Population 587,161 Population density per km2 land 2,822 Housing stock 289,337 Housing density per km2 land 1,402

• In 1965, the population of Rotterdam reached its peak of

731,000, but by 1984 it had decreased to 555,000 as a result

• f suburbanization, and now it’s growing slowly again.
• Rotterdam is a cosmopolitan city, with a wealth of cultures

and ethnicities from all over the world, Rotterdam has more than 170 nationalities.

• In the Netherlands, Rotterdam has the highest percentage of

foreigners from non-industrialised nations. 47.7% of the population are of non Dutch origins or have at least one parent born outside the country.

A Multicultural city:

Ethnicity 2000 2004 2008 Suriname 50,053 52,291 51,885 Antilles 15,593 20,348 19,562 Capo Verde 14,377 15,015 14,971 Turkey 40,277 44,637 45,699 Morocco 30,238 35,355 37,476 Other non- Western 30,184 40,125 40,257 Native Dutch 355,438 332,327 313,765 Other EU 30,937 31,900 32,134 Other Western 25,563 27,546 27,200

• There are 80,000 Muslims, constituting 13% of the population.
• The city is home to the largest Dutch Antillean community
• The mayor of Rotterdam, Ahmed Aboutaleb, is of Moroccan

descent and is a practicing Muslim.

• He’s mayor since 2009, He is the first Mayor of a large city in

the Netherlands who is of Moroccan, Muslim, and immigrant descent.

• (In the Netherlands, the burgemeester is de facto appointed

by the national cabinet, de jure by the monarch).

Top 10 World Ports, 2008

Source: Port Authorities Gross weight x 1 million metrics tons

Shanghai China 582.0 Zhoushan/Ningbo China 520.1 Sinagapore Singapore 513.3 Rotterdam The Netherlands 421.1 Tianjin China 355.9 Guangzhou China 344.3 Hong Kong China 259.4 Qinhuangdao China 252.2 Busan South Corea 241.7

A World port:

• Rotterdam is the Gateway to Europe. It is currently Europe’s

largest and one of the top 5 most important ports in the world

• Rotterdam is strategically located in the European market

with excellent access by road, rail, air and water.

• Covering 105 square kilometres (41 sq mi), the port of

Rotterdam now stretches over a distance of 40 kilometres

Labour Market:

• The most important

economic driver of Rotterdam is the strategically situated port.

• Measured by

employment, major sectors in the city’s economy are business services and trade

• Rotterdam has the

most people without a job at 9.5%

• The unemployment rate in the four major cities in the

Netherlands is above the nationwide average. Last year, 7 percent were unemployed versus 6.4 percent in 2009. The highest unemployment rate was registered in Rotterdam (8.8 percent).

• Unemployment among 15 to 25-year-olds is rising, but not do
• fast. From 2009 to 2010 in the north and south of the

Netherlands youth unemployment was even reduced.

• The unemployment rate has risen continually over the past

twelve months. In June last year, 5% of the labour force were

• unemployed. Since then, the rate has risen to 6.3% in June

2012.

• Youth unemployment has increased considerably in the past

twelve months from 9.3 to 12.2%. The relative increase was less dramatic among over-25s. The same applies to 45 to 65- year-olds.

• Unemployment among both genders has risen at

approximately the same rate since June 2011. In June this year, 6.2% of men and 6.4% of women were unemployed

Foreign culture shock model

Euphoria Alienation Escalation Misunderstandings Communication

amended pursuant to Wagner, W. (1996): Kulturschock Deutschland. Hamburg: Rotbuch Verlag, page 19.

Informationskällor:

• EU’s presstjänst RAPID
• What’s new on EUROPA
• EU-Parlamentets Presstjänst
• EUObserver
• European Voice
• EurActiv

http://ec.europa.eu/europe2020/index_sv.htm

EU2020-info - Kommissionen

http://www.regeringen.se/sb/d/2504

EU2020-info - Sverige