The Effect of Lime Addition in Physical and Mechanical Soil Properties Due to Drying Process on Bengawan Solo River Embankment in Plangwot Area, Lamongan Alpha Rizky Utthea R P , Ria Asih Aryani S. Dwa Desa Warnana, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, and Yerry Kahaditu F Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia 4 th International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering Solo, July 11-12 2018
Outline • Introduction • Methodology • Optimum Condition • Actual Dry Water Content and Drying Process • Physical Properties • Mechanical Properties
Introduction Bengawan Solo River Dry Season Soil on surface Decrease of water level Drying (reduction of water content) Weather Negative pore water The sun+ incrase in temperature preassure increased
Methodology
Optimum Condition 1,460 Optimum Water Maximum Dry 1,440 Lime Content Content Density (%) 1,420 (%) (t/m 3 ) Dry density (gr/cm³) 1,400 3 21,29 1,447 1,380 7 28,20 1,470 1,360 11 31,05 1,427 1,340 15 24,32 1,391 1,320 1,300 5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 Water content(%)
Actual Dry Water Content and Drying Process the dry conditions of the field → w c actual dry the lowest groundwater content 11,00 if the soil is drained as the 10,00 actual condition → drying with 9,00 the help of the sun wc (%) 8,00 7,00 6,00 5,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Observation Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 average
Physical Properties With 7% lime w c vs suction(-U w ) γ t vs suction(-U w ) 180000,00 180000,00 content 160000,00 160000,00 Natural Natural 140000,00 140000,00 Lime Stablized Lime Stabilized Specific Gravity 120000,00 120000,00 -U w (kPa) -U w (kPa) 100000,00 100000,00 2,603 → 2,651 80000,00 80000,00 60000,00 60000,00 Void ratio (e) 40000,00 40000,00 20000,00 20000,00 decrease by an R² = 0,9915 R² = 0,9587 R² = 0,961 R² = 0,9972 0,00 0,00 average 12,01% 30 25 20 15 10 5 19 18,5 18 17,5 17 16,5 16 15,5 15 w c (%) γ t (kN/m 3 ) γ t vs void ratio(e) Degree of saturation w c vs void ratio (e) 1,10 1,10 decrease by an average 1,05 1,05 4,093% 1,00 1,00 R² = 0,9766 R² = 0,9767 0,95 0,95 weight volume of soil 0,90 e 0,90 e ( ɣ t ) increased by an R² = 0,9056 0,85 0,85 R² = 0,9548 average 4,093% 0,80 0,80 Natural Natural Lime Stabilized Lime Stabilized 0,75 0,75 0,70 0,70 30 25 20 15 10 5 19 18,5 18 17,5 17 16,5 16 15,5 15 w c (%) γ t (kN/m 3 )
w c (%) vs C u (kN/m 2 ) Mechanical Properties 800 700 Both soil conditions, natural and stabilized soils, show the 600 C u (kN/m 2 ) same tendency due to the drying process. 500 R² = 0,9579 The reduction of moisture content results in the undrained 400 cohesion value of the soil increasing. R² = 0,9602 300 The weight of the soil volume decreased as a result of the reduction in water content. 200 30 25 20 15 10 5 Lime-stabilized soils have greater shear strength than w c (%) natural soils. w c (%) vs γ t (kN/m 3 ) 19,0 Natural soil → maximum value of Cu is 540,6 kN/m 2 at 18,5 ɣ t =15,684 kN/m 3 . 18,0 R² = 0,9767 17,5 γ t (kN/m 3 ) 17,0 Lime-stabilized soil → maximum value of Cu is 705,967 R² = 0,9867 kN/m 2 at ɣ t =16,693 kN/m 3 . 16,5 16,0 Natural Lime Stabilized 15,5 Addition of 7% lime → Cu increased by an average 15,0 of 25,11% 30 25 20 15 10 5 w c (%)
Conclusion • Natural soil has w c opt =26.815% with ɣ d max =1.432 t / m 3 . Optimum lime-stabilized soil with 7% lime content has and w c opt = 28.20% and ɣ d max = 1.470 t / m 3 . The average actual dry water content until the 7 th day drying is 5.61%. In the initial process • of draining the moisture content drops significantly. When water content of about 6% (2 nd observation) decrease due to drying is not very significant. The actual dry water content is about 6%. The reduction of water content is about 2.20%. With 7% lime content , ɣ d max increased from1,43 t/m 3 to 1,47 t/m 3 . Gs increased from 2, • 603 to 2,651. Void ratio (e) decreased by an average 12,01 %, Sr decreased by 8,672 %, ɣ t increased by an average 4,093%. In lime-stabilized soils, the maximum value of Cu is 705,967 kN/m 2 at ɣ t =16,693 kN/m 3 . Due • to the addition of 7% lime , Cu increased by an average of 25,11%. • The addition of lime with the optimum lime content 7% can improve the physical and mechanical properties of Bengawan Solo river embankment due to drying process.
References • Firmansyah, Y. K., Soemitro, R.A.A., Warnana, D. D., Prelimenary Assessment to Bengawan Solo River Embankment Stability. (2016) • Fredlund, D.G., and Rahardjo, H, Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils. (1993) • Fredlund, D.G., Morgenstern, N.R. and Widger, R.A., The Shear Strength of Unsaturated S oils”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 15(3): 313– 321 (1978) • Satrya, T.R., Soemitro, R.A.A., Mukunoki, T., Assessment to the Comparison Between The Initial State and Insitu Conditions of Bengawan Solo River Embankment During The Dry and Monsoon Seasons at Kanor-Village. (2015) • Stoltz, G., Cuisinier, O., Masrouri, F., Weathering of a Lime-Treated Clayey Soil by Drying a nd Wtting Cycles. (2014) • Paulus, N., Pengaruh Air Garam pada Proses Pengeringan dan Pembasahan Terhadap Kuat Tekan Geser Tanah Lempung yang Distabilisasi dengan Fly Ash Ditambah Kapur . Surabaya : Tesis Pascasarjana ITS . (2005)
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