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The Effect of Lime Addition in Physical and Mechanical Soil Properties Due to Drying Process on Bengawan Solo River Embankment in Plangwot Area, Lamongan Alpha Rizky Utthea R P , Ria Asih Aryani S. Dwa Desa Warnana, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, and

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Alpha Rizky Utthea R P , Ria Asih Aryani S. Dwa Desa Warnana, Januarti Jaya Ekaputri, and Yerry Kahaditu F Institut Teknologi Sepuluh Nopember, Indonesia

The Effect of Lime Addition in Physical and Mechanical Soil Properties Due to Drying Process on Bengawan Solo River Embankment in Plangwot Area, Lamongan

4th International Conference on Rehabilitation and Maintenance in Civil Engineering Solo, July 11-12 2018

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Outline

Introduction
Methodology
Optimum Condition
Actual Dry Water Content and Drying Process
Physical Properties
Mechanical Properties

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Introduction

Dry Season

Decrease of water level Weather The sun+ incrase in temperature

Soil on surface

Drying

(reduction of water content)

Negative pore water preassure increased Bengawan Solo River

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Methodology

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Optimum Condition

Lime Content (%) Optimum Water Content (%) Maximum Dry Density (t/m3) 3 21,29 1,447 7 28,20 1,470 11 31,05 1,427 15 24,32 1,391

1,300 1,320 1,340 1,360 1,380 1,400 1,420 1,440 1,460

5 7 9 11 13 15 17 19 21 23 25 27 29 31 33 35 37 39 Dry density (gr/cm³) Water content(%)

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Actual Dry Water Content and Drying Process

the dry conditions of the field → the lowest groundwater content if the soil is drained as the actual condition → drying with the help of the sun

5,00 6,00 7,00 8,00 9,00 10,00 11,00 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

wc (%) Observation

wc actual dry

Sample 1 Sample 2 Sample 3 average

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R² = 0,9587 R² = 0,9915 0,00 20000,00 40000,00 60000,00 80000,00 100000,00 120000,00 140000,00 160000,00 180000,00 5 10 15 20 25 30

Uw (kPa)

wc (%)

wc vs suction(-Uw)

Natural Lime Stablized R² = 0,9766 R² = 0,9548 0,70 0,75 0,80 0,85 0,90 0,95 1,00 1,05 1,10 5 10 15 20 25 30 e wc (%)

wc vs void ratio (e)

Natural Lime Stabilized R² = 0,961 R² = 0,9972 0,00 20000,00 40000,00 60000,00 80000,00 100000,00 120000,00 140000,00 160000,00 180000,00 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19

Uw (kPa)

γt (kN/m3)

γt vs suction(-Uw)

Natural Lime Stabilized R² = 0,9767 R² = 0,9056 0,70 0,75 0,80 0,85 0,90 0,95 1,00 1,05 1,10 15 15,5 16 16,5 17 17,5 18 18,5 19

e γt (kN/m3)

γt vs void ratio(e)

Natural Lime Stabilized

With 7% lime content

Specific Gravity 2,603 → 2,651 Void ratio (e) decrease by an average 12,01% Degree of saturation decrease by an average 4,093% weight volume of soil (ɣt) increased by an average 4,093%

Physical Properties

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Mechanical Properties

Both soil conditions, natural and stabilized soils, show the same tendency due to the drying process. The reduction of moisture content results in the undrained cohesion value of the soil increasing. The weight of the soil volume decreased as a result of the reduction in water content. Lime-stabilized soils have greater shear strength than natural soils. Natural soil → maximum value of Cu is 540,6 kN/m2 at ɣt =15,684 kN/m3. Lime-stabilized soil → maximum value of Cu is 705,967 kN/m2 at ɣt =16,693 kN/m3. Addition of 7% lime → Cu increased by an average

f 25,11%

R² = 0,9579 R² = 0,9602 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 5 10 15 20 25 30

Cu (kN/m2) wc (%)

wc (%) vs Cu (kN/m2)

R² = 0,9767 R² = 0,9867 15,0 15,5 16,0 16,5 17,0 17,5 18,0 18,5 19,0 5 10 15 20 25 30

γt (kN/m3)

wc (%)

wc (%) vs γt (kN/m3)

Natural Lime Stabilized

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Conclusion

Natural soil has wc opt =26.815% with ɣd max =1.432 t / m3. Optimum lime-stabilized soil

with 7% lime content has and wc opt = 28.20% and ɣd max = 1.470 t / m3.

The average actual dry water content until the 7th day drying is 5.61%. In the initial process
f draining the moisture content drops significantly. When water content of about 6%

(2nd observation) decrease due to drying is not very significant. The actual dry water content is about 6%. The reduction of water content is about 2.20%.

With 7% lime content, ɣd max increased from1,43 t/m3 to 1,47 t/m3. Gs increased from 2,

603 to 2,651. Void ratio (e) decreased by an average 12,01 %, Sr decreased by 8,672 %, ɣt increased by an average 4,093%.

In lime-stabilized soils, the maximum value of Cu is 705,967 kN/m2 at ɣt =16,693 kN/m3. Due

to the addition of 7% lime, Cu increased by an average of 25,11%.

The addition of lime with the optimum lime content 7% can improve the physical and

mechanical properties of Bengawan Solo river embankment due to drying process.

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References

Firmansyah, Y. K., Soemitro, R.A.A., Warnana, D. D., Prelimenary Assessment to

Bengawan Solo River Embankment Stability. (2016)

Fredlund, D.G., and Rahardjo, H, Soil Mechanics for Unsaturated Soils. (1993)
Fredlund, D.G., Morgenstern, N.R. and Widger, R.A., The Shear Strength of Unsaturated

Soils”, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, 15(3): 313–321 (1978)

Satrya, T.R., Soemitro, R.A.A., Mukunoki, T., Assessment to the Comparison Between The

Initial State and Insitu Conditions of Bengawan Solo River Embankment During The Dry and Monsoon Seasons at Kanor-Village. (2015)

Stoltz, G., Cuisinier, O., Masrouri, F., Weathering of a Lime-Treated Clayey Soil by Drying a

nd Wtting Cycles. (2014)

Paulus, N., Pengaruh Air Garam pada Proses Pengeringan dan Pembasahan Terhadap

Kuat Tekan Geser Tanah Lempung yang Distabilisasi dengan Fly Ash Ditambah Kapur. Surabaya : Tesis Pascasarjana ITS. (2005)

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