SLIDE 1
R E – ADJUST STOCKHOLDING R E
ADJUST STOCKHOLDING
E QUIPMENT FOR
INSTALLATION INSTALLATION
F AILURE ANALYSIS R ESPONSIBLE MANAGEMENT A LTERATIONS
TO STEELWORK
THE CLOSED CIRCLE THE CLOSED CIRCLE REFRACTORIES REFRACTORIES - - PDF document
THE CLOSED CIRCLE THE CLOSED CIRCLE REFRACTORIES REFRACTORIES - - PDF document
R E ADJUST STOCKHOLDING R E ADJUST STOCKHOLDING E QUIPMENT FOR INSTALLATION INSTALLATION F AILURE ANALYSIS R ESPONSIBLE MANAGEMENT A LTERATIONS TO STEELWORK C HECK INCOMING MATERIALS T OTAL COST STRUCTURE O PERATIONAL VARIABLES R E-EXAMINE
SLIDE 2
SLIDE 3
STEEL INDUSTRY REFRACTORIES
$ % $
PER TONNE f
% OF OPERATIONAL
- f
STEEL
OPERATIONAL COSTS INDIA 6,85
2,0 ,
CHINA 7,08
1,9
JAPAN 7,30
1 8
JAPAN 7,30
1,8
S.AFRICA ?
?
SLIDE 4
BLAST FURNACE BOSH FIREBRICK LINING HEAVILY COOLED
1973 1973
SLIDE 5
SUPER DUTY FIREBRICK FIREBRICK
STANDARD A3 EXTRA A4 SUPER A5 Al O 42 5 43 0 43 3 Al2O3 42,5 43,0 43,3 SiO2 53,6 53,0 52,8 Fe O 1 5 1 0 1 3 Fe2O3 1,5 1,0 1,3 Na2O +K2O 0,4 0,5 0,5 , , BULK DENSITY g/cm³ 2,16 2,29 2,37 g/cm 2,16 2,29 2,37 APPARENT POROSITY % POROSITY % 20,5 16,0 14,0
SLIDE 6
CARBON REFRACTORIES
TYPICAL FAILURE
ALKALI SPALLING
ALKALIES IN VAPOUR FORM ALKALIES IN VAPOUR FORM PENETRATE INTO THE CARBON AND FORM LAMELLAR COMPOUNDS WHICH SWELL WITHIN THE CARBON CARBON
SLIDE 7
TAPHOLE MIXES TAPHOLE MIXES
HISTORICALLY VERY SIMPLE MIXES VERY SIMPLE MIXES FILLER GRADED FILLER GRADED QUARTZITE SINTERING CLAY AND AIDS FELDSPAR POROSITY from LUMP COAL PLASTICITY f HOT COAL TAR from HOT COAL TAR MIXING CRITICAL-UP TO 30 minutes TO 30 minutes
SLIDE 8
CHEQUERS HOT CHEQUERS HOT LOAD FAILURE FAILURE ( CREEP ) TOFFEE BOND TOFFEE BOND
- GLASSY
- CRYSTALLINE
- TRANSITION
SLIDE 9
PRECAST BLOCKS TORPEDO LADLE
SLIDE 10
CHEQUER BRICKS
SILICA SILICA FIREBRICK
SLIDE 11
Magnesia-Carbon
LABORATORY TESTS LABORATORY TESTS
APPARENT POROSITY AND BULK APPARENT POROSITY AND BULK DENSITY
APPARENT POROSITY % BULK DENSITY Kg/cm3 JAPANESE % Kg/cm3 E8 SLW330 2,8 2,91 , , E8SLW270 1,3 2,97 EUROPEAN
M9715ASS4 3,0 3,01 M9715S4 3,1 3,03
SLIDE 12
xxxxxx – CARBON BONDED BONDED REFRACTORIES
WITH GRAPHITE WITH GRAPHITE ANOMALOUS THERMAL EXPANSION VALUES EXPANSION VALUES VERY HIGH THERMAL SHOCK RESISTANCE RESISTANCE
REFRACTORIES WITH A DEGREE WITH A DEGREE OF PLASTICITY
SLIDE 13
STEEL PLANT LADLE STEEL PLANT LADLE
JOINT ATTACK : JOINT ATTACK : MAG-CARBON BRICK
SLIDE 14
CASTABLES : SITE SENSITIVITY Castable A: 100MPa (low cement) water: 5,75% Castable B: 65 MPa water: 9,0%
A % CCS B% CCS 5,75 120 9,0 70 6,00 90 6,25 60 9,5 66 6,50 40 10,0 60
SLIDE 15