The Challenge of Managing Crises in a Rapidly Changing World Dr. - - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

The Challenge of Managing Crises in a Rapidly Changing World

• Dr. Stephen F. Lintner

Senior Technical Advisor, World Bank and President Elect, International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA) XI International Health Impact Assessment Conference Granada, Spain April 2011

World Bank Group

• Founded 1944
• Over 185 Countries as Members Represented by a Board
• f Executive Directors
• Headquarters in Washington, DC
• An Extensive Network of Offices Throughout the World
• Includes:

– International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) – International Development Association (IDA) – International Finance Corporation (IFC) – Multilateral Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA)

World Bank

• Focus on Poverty Reduction, including the

Millennium Development Goals

• Commitment to Environmentally and Socially

Sustainable Development, supporting outcome of Rio and Johannesburg Summits

• Addressing Climate Change – both Mitigation and

Adaptation – as a Development Issue Uses an Interdisciplinary Approach in Providing Support for Policies, Plans, Programs, Projects and Capacity Building

World Bank

• Since 1989 the World Bank has had a Board

Approved Policy on Environmental Assessment – Including Project Related Health Impacts

• Makes Extensive Use of Strategic Assessments at

Multiple Levels

• Process for Updating and Consolidation of

Policies in Process – Will Broaden Range of Instruments – Including Specific Reference to Health Impact Assessment as an Option

The Challenge of Managing Crises in a Rapidly Changing World

• Facing a threefold global crisis:

– Economic – Food – Climate.

• Need to :

– Understand vital importance of inter-linkages among them – Identify missed opportunities in putting these pieces together – Undertake complementary proactive and preventive measures

Health Sector

Fiscal Year 2011 Approved and Planned Health Sector Support: US $ 3.1 Billion

• Child Health
• Communicable and Non-Communicable Diseases

Health System Performance

• Human Development
• Nutrition and Food Security
• HIV/AIDS

Malaria

• Tuberculosis

Complemented by National and Thematic Studies

Protecting Pro-Poor Health Services During Financial Crisis

• Poor nutrition and lower level use of health

care when needed

• Women, children, poor and informal sector

workers are most at risk

• A special risk exists in many low-income

countries in maintaining access to essential health commodities that are often imported

Protecting Pro-Poor Health Services During Financial Crisis

• Real spending per capacity can decline due to

reduced revenues, currency devaluation and potential reductions in aid flows

• Low-income Countries with weak fiscal

policies are most vulnerable

• Need to minimize adverse impact on health
• utcomes and health expenditures

Protecting Pro-Poor Health Services During Financial Crisis

• Broad strategies that maintain overall levels of

Government spending on health tend not to be successful, failing to protect access to quality health services especially for the poor

• Targeted demand-side approaches like

conditional cash transfers may be more effective, broader approaches

• Important to make effective use of social safety

net programs which include support for nutrition and health

Cost of Environmental Degradation

• 2000-2010: Cost of Environmental

Degradation (COED) in Algeria, Egypt, Iran, Jordan, Lebanon, Morocco, Syria and Tunisia

• Estimates the annual COED in

selected countries (% of the countries’ GDP)

• Summarizes their impacts at

national and regional levels

• Training manual in French, Arabic,

English

Overview: Six Categories

• Agricultural Land - Agricultural productivity on

croplands and rangelands

• Forests - Wood, grazing, watershed protection,

biodiversity

• Water - Systemic impacts of water salinity,

contamination, sedimentation, groundwater

• verexploitation
• Air Quality - Systemic impacts of air pollution on health

and environment

• Waste - Impacts of inappropriate waste collection on the

environment and public welfare

• Coastal Zone - Losses of recreational and landscape

value due to unsustainable coastal activities

COED Can Vary Substantially …

0 ¡ 1 ¡ 2 ¡ 3 ¡ 4 ¡ 5 ¡ 6 ¡ 7 ¡ 8 ¡ Tunisia ¡ Jordan ¡ Syria ¡ Lebanon ¡ Lebanon ¡ (conflict) ¡ ¡ Algeria ¡ ¡ Morocco ¡ ¡ Egypt ¡ Iran ¡ % ¡of ¡GDP ¡ Coastal ¡zone ¡ Waste ¡ Air ¡ Land ¡ Water ¡

2.1 ¡ 2.4 ¡ 3.7 ¡ 3.7 ¡ 4.8 ¡ 3.5 ¡ 3.4 ¡ 3.4 ¡ 7.4 ¡

12

Tunisia - Cost of Water Degradation = 0.6%

• f GDP

0% ¡ 10% ¡ 20% ¡ 30% ¡ 40% ¡ 50% ¡ 60% ¡ 70% ¡ 80% ¡ 90% ¡ 100% ¡

% ¡of ¡the ¡total ¡cost ¡

Tourism ¡(18%) ¡ Groundwater (21%) Agriculture (33%) Health (18%)

1.2% in Morocco, 2.8% in Iran

Impact on Investments

Algeria

• First Economic Recovery Program included institutional

reforms and pilot investments in the environment sector for 2001-2004 (US$450 million) Egypt

• Second Pollution Abatement project to reduce pollution from

energy and industrial sectors (US$198 million) Morocco:

• First Water Sector Development Policy Loan (US$100 million)
• Solid Waste Sector Development Policy Loan (US$132 million)
• Investments in pollution control in the Sebou basin (US$25

million)

Three Major Themes

• Integration
• Innovation
• Implementation

Importance of Addressing Both Major New Challenges and Continuing Challenges

Information on World Bank Group Environmental and Social Safeguard Policies

• Safeguards Website

www.worldbank.org/safeguards

• Use of Country Systems Website

www.worldbank.org/countrysystems

• Strategic Environmental Assessment (SEA) Tool Kit Website

www.worldbank.org/seatoolkit

• IFC’s Sustainability Policy Framework

www.ifc.org

• Environmental Health and Safety

www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/context/EnvironmentalGuidelines

International Association for Impact Assessment (IAIA)

• Annual Meeting – “Impact Assessment and Responsible

Development for Infrastructure, Business and Industry” – Puebla, Mexico (May 28 – June 6, 2011)

• Special Symposium on SEA Implementation and Practice:

Making a Difference? – Prague, Czech Republic (September 21-23, 2011)

• Special Symposium on Climate Change and Impact

Assessment – Beijing, China (December 5-6, 2011) Contact: www.iaia.org

Contact

• Dr. Stephen F. Lintner

Senior Technical Advisor World Bank 1818 H Street, NW Washington, DC 20433 USA E-Mail: slintner@worldbank.org